Silicon carbide nanotubes with special morphology prepared by super critical hydrothermal method and photoluminescence character

Silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) with special morphology synthesized by supercritical hydrothermal method at 470 °C and 8 MPa have been reported in this paper. SiCNTs with special morphology were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). There are two kinds of silicon carbide with special morphology: One is oval SiCNTs with small aspect ratio, the other is bamboo cone-shape structure. SiCNTs have been analyzed by fluorescence spectrometer. The results indicate that the SiCNTs have strong photoluminescence (PL) property. The SiCNTs with oval shape are one kind of intermediate state of growth process of nanotube. The growth mechanism of silicon nanotubes has been proposed based on experiment data. The investigations of growth mechanism of SiCNTs with bamboo structure show that the defect produced in the growth process play the important role in SiCNTs with special structure.     

短碳纳米管的制备

本文利用活性碳、氧化硅和二茂铁的混合物通过气相高温的方法在石英衬底上制备了直径在30～100mm、长约为1μm的短碳纳米管,并通过扫描电镜、投射电镜、电子衍射以及EDS对碳纳米管的形貌及成分进行分析。并对短碳纳米管的形成作了讨论．     

氮在碳纳米管结构变化中的作用

利用等离子体增强热丝化学气相沉积制备了碳纳米管，并用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对生长的碳纳米管进行了表征。发现用CH4和H2制备的是空芯碳纳米管，而在反应气体中加入NH3后，生长的碳纳米管是竹节型结构的碳纳米管，表明氮在碳纳米管的结构变化过程中起到了重要的作用。根据氮对碳在催化剂中的扩散影响，分析了氮在碳纳米管结构发生变化过程中的作用。     

单步微波多元醇法合成Pt／DCNT异质结构

为了获得高负载、单分散的Pt／DCNTs异质结构,提出一种单步微波加热多元醇的方法．分别利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了Pt／DCNT异质结构的形貌及成分．同时样品的拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）表明：在微波处理下的双壁碳纳米管表面上有大量的缺陷或功能团产生,而它们的产生是Pt纳米粒子沿着双壁碳纳米管骨架成核与生长的关键因素．     

高体积分数铝基复合材料制备工艺的研究

阐述了压铸法制备SiC/Al铝基复合材料的工艺,测试了碳化硅的粒径特性,并对碳化硅颗粒微观形貌进行了观察,采用湿法制备了碳化硅体积分数为60%碳化硅预制件素坯,并用该素坯制备了SiC/Al铝基复合材料。     

SURFACE MORPHOLOGIES OF ALUMINUM FILMS ON SILICONE OIL SURFACES

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Surface morphologies of aluminum films on silicone oil surfaces

The surface morphology and growth mechanism of an aluminum film system deposited on silicone oil surfaces by a vapor depositing method was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the perpendicular fluctuation of the film's bottom surface was more remarkable than that of the film's top surface. Near the joint between the film on the silicone oil substrate and the film on the silicon wafer surface on which the silicone oil substrate rested, was a naturally formed anomalous wedge-shaped wrinkly structure with slopes of 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵ rad, whose growth mechanism could be interpreted under the assumption of the thermal expansion behavior of the liquid substrates. Project supported by NSFC (No. 19874016) and the Special Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists (Grant No. 1997RC9603).     

Sintering and microstructure of silicon carbide ceramic with Y3Al5O12 added by sol-gel method

Silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic with YAG (Y3Al5O12) additive added by sol-gel method was liquid-phase sintered at different sintering temperatures, and the sintering mechanism and microstructural characteristics of resulting silicon carbide ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental distribution of surface (EDS). YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) phase formed before the sintering and its uniform distribution in the SiC/YAG composite powder decreased the sintering temperature and improved the densification of SiC ceramic. The suitable sintering temperature was 1860 ℃ with the specimen sintered at this temperature having superior sintering and mechanical properties, smaller crystal size and fewer microstructure defects. Three characteristics of improved toughness of SiC ceramic with YAG added by sol-gel method were microstructural densification, main-crack deflection and crystal ‘bridging‘.     

高碘酸钠选择性氧化竹原纤维的结构分析

采用高碘酸钠对竹原纤维进行选择性氧化,探讨了竹原纤维大分子上的羟基被氧化成醛基的过程,并用红外光谱、x衍射等手段分析了氧化竹原纤维的聚集态结构。结果表明,增大氧化剂浓度可以提高高碘酸钠对竹原纤维的氧化程度,使醛基含量增加;氧化后竹原纤维的结构发生改变,为竹原纤维进一步功能改性提供了反应位点。     

稀土和球化热处理对M42高速钢碳化物尺寸的细化作用(英文)

采用OM,SEM,EDS,TEM,EBSD,XRD等分析手段,研究了稀土和热处理对M42高速钢组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,M2C是M42高速钢主要的共晶碳化物类型.稀土处理后,M2C共晶碳化物形貌由规则层片状变为不规则环状.尽管二者形貌差异明显,但具有相同的微观结构和晶体取向特征.与层片状碳化物相比,环状M2C共晶碳化物热稳定性较差,高温加热时更易发生分解和球化,使碳化物尺寸明显细化.小尺寸碳化物在淬火加热时易于溶解,提高了淬火后基体中合金元素的固溶度,使M42高速钢硬度增加了1.5 HRC.     

催化剂种类对PECVD制备碳纳米管的影响

采用PEVCD技术,分别用Fe、Ni、Co作为催化剂,在Si基底上沉积出了不同形貌的碳纳米管．并用扫描电镜对碳纳米管的形貌进行了表征．而且深入研究了不同催化剂种类对碳纳米管生长的影响机理．结果表明：Ni是这3种催化剂中最适合沉积碳纳米管的催化剂．     

08VTiRe钢的深冲性能研究

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Fibrous TiO2 prepared by chemical vapor deposition using activated carbon fibers as template via adsorption, hydrolysis and calcinations

TiO2 fibers were prepared via alternatively introducing water vapor and Ti precursor carried by Ne to an APCVD (chemical vapor deposition under atmospheric pressure) reactor at <200 ℃. Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were used as templates for deposition and later removed by calcinations. The obtained catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brtmauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysisThe pores within TiO2 fibers included micro-range and meso-range, e.g., 7 nm, and the specific surface areas for TiO2 fibers were 141 m2/g and 148 m2/g for samples deposited at 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ (using ACF1700 as template), respectively. The deposition temperature significantly influenced TiO2 morphology. The special advantages of this technique for preparing porous nano-material include no consumption of organic solvent in the process and easy control of deposition conditions and speeds.     

Silicon＇s organic pool and biological cycle in moso bamboo community of Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve

Biomineralization of Si by plants into phytolith formation and precipitation of Si into clays during weathering are two important processes of silicon’s biogeochemical cycle. As a silicon-accumulating plant, the widely distributed and woody Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens (moso bamboo) contributes to storing silicon by biomineralization and, thus, prevents eutrophication of nearby waterbodies through silicon’s erosion of soil particles. A study on the organic pool and biological cycle of silicon (Si) of the moso bamboo community was conducted in Wuyishan Biosphere Reserve, China. The results showed that: (1) the standing crop of the moso bamboo community was 13355.4 g/m², of which 53.61%, 45.82% and 0.56% are represented by the aboveground and belowground parts of moso bamboos, and the understory plants, respectively; (2) the annual net primary production of the community was 2887.1 g/(m²·a), among which the aboveground part, belowground part, litterfalls, and other fractions, accounted for 55.86%, 35.30%, 4.50% and 4.34%, respectively; (3) silicon concentration in stem, branch, leaf, base of stem, root, whip of bamboos, and other plants was 0.15%, 0.79%, 3.10%, 4.40%, 7.32%, 1.52% and 1.01%, respectively; (4) the total Si accumulated in the standing crop of moso bamboo community was 448.91 g/m², with 99.83% of Si of the total community stored in moso bamboo populations; (5) within moso bamboo community, the annual uptake, retention, and return of Si were 95.75, 68.43, 27.32 g/(m²·a), respectively; (6) the turnover time of Si, which is the time an average atom of Si remains in the soil before it is recycled into the trees or shrubs, was 16.4 years; (7) the enrichment ratio of Si in the moso bamboo community, which is the ratio of the mean concentration of nutrients in the net primary production to the mean concentration of nutrients in the biomass of a community, was 0.64; and lastly, (8) moso bamboo plants stored about 1.26×10¹⁰ kg of silicon in the organic pool made up by the moso bamboo forests in the subtropical area of China. Project (No. 30370275) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

过碳酸钠和卜公茶皂素对竹原棉混纺针织物漂白效果的分析

为使竹原佛针织物在漂白工艺中实现“节能减排”、“清洁生产”、“绿色环保”,探讨了竹原,棉针织物用过碳酸钠与卜公茶皂素漂白的漂白原理,选取竹原／棉针织物的白度、毛细管效应和强力为研究对象,以过碳酸钠与卜公茶皂素为漂白剂,通过浸渍工艺分别对其进行漂白,对其性能指标进行了一系列的测试．结果表明：卜公茶皂素对竹原／棉针织物的漂白效果优于过碳酸钠,卜公茶皂素漂白工艺温和,符合国际上倡导的“节能减排”、“清洁生产”、“绿色环保”的产业发展政策,可实现人类社会的低碳生活．     

Sb纳米晶的化学液相控制合成进展

在众多的晶体生长的方法中,水热合成包括溶剂热合成由于它的简便经济,成为最有前途的实验方法之一。已经报道水热和溶剂热合成方法合成出来了Sb不同形貌的纳米晶,比如Sb纳米管,Sb纳米线,Sb纳米带束。产物的最终形貌能通过改变反应的参数,比如溶剂、反应温度和时间、表面活性剂和试剂的初始浓度来加以控制。     

Erosion behavior and mechanism of boronised steels

Boronising of steels is a hardening process to get high surface hardness. The erosion resistance of boronised steels was researched with the use of four kinds of erodent, i.e. glass, alumina, quartz and silicon carbide. The erosion rate increases rapidly with erodent hardness and severe erosion occurs with high impacting angle range of hard particles. SEM analysis indicated that chipping is caused by repetitive impacting of glass and quartz, whereas by alumina and silicon carbide impacting, chipping, and that plastic flow take place simultaneously and the erosion rate reaches the peak value when the impacting angle is above 60°.     

空心三元PdPtCu纳米材料的制备及其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能研究

采用诱导法制备空心三元PdPtCu纳米材料,利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌、组成和结构进行表征,并在碱性条件下测试其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能。结果表明,以氧化铜为诱导剂制备的三元PdPtCu纳米材料主要呈空心结构,且其形貌和组成可控;Pd₃Pt@Cu,PdPt@Cu和PdPt₃@Cu三种材料的质量电流密度分别为8 510 A·g^-1,9 270 A·g^-1和5 490 A·g^-1,无论是质量活性还是稳定性,均明显优于商业Pd/C和商业Pt/C催化剂。     

Cd掺杂ZnO阵列纳米梳子(英文)

作者采用Zn+Cd粉,制得了大量阵列Cd掺杂ZnO纳米梳子。这些纳米梳子通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线能量损失谱仪(EDS)、选区电子衍射仪(SAED)及高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)来分析其形貌和宏、微观结构。结果显示这些纳米梳子的臂直径为15-50 nm、臂长为400 nm,它们都有单晶的结构及相应的生长机制为传统的气固生长机制。     

P(EA-MAn-APTES)/二氧化硅有机无机杂化材料的合成和表征

采用γ氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 (APTES)作为偶联剂,以丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAn)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,通过自由基溶液聚合和溶胶凝胶过程制得了P(EA-MAn-APTES)/二氧化硅有机无机杂化材料,其中TEOS的质量分数从0变化至25%.利用傅立叶红外(FT-IR)光谱、溶胶抽取、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)性能测试装置对材料的结构、凝胶含量、表面形貌、粒子大小和热性能进行了表征.结果表明:有机相与无机相之间是以共价键结合的,杂化材料中凝胶的含量较高,聚合物基体中SiO2是纳米复合的,具有较好的分散性和热稳定性.