开发学龄前儿童运动和智力潜能的实验研究

学龄前儿童通过有针对性的双侧肢体的协调活动,可以改善不利侧肢体的"偏利"现象, 提高儿童身体协调性和左右侧肢体运动技能发展的均衡程度.起到了开发儿童心智潜能,培养双侧 肢体和双侧大脑全面发展的"全脑型人"的积极作用.     

强化左侧肢体训练促进儿童运动和智力潜能发展的实验研究

采用实验对比等方法,研究开发小学生运动和智力潜能的方法,实验结果表明,通过强化小学生左侧肢体的运动技能训练,能有效提高其左侧、双侧(全身)甚至右侧的运动技能,对提高和开发小学生的心智能力也有明显的促进作用。     

开发小学学龄儿童运动和智力潜能的实验研究

采用实验对比等研究方法，探讨开发小学学龄儿童运动和智力潜能的方法。实验结果显示．通过强化学龄儿童左侧肢体的运动训练，能有效提高其左侧、双侧甚至右侧肢体的运动技能；对提高儿童的反应能力和文化课学习成绩，也有明显的促进作用。     

初中学生运动和智力潜能的开发

选择初中一年级学生为研究对象,将其分为强化左侧肢体体育训练为主的实验班和按常规以右侧肢体训练为主的对照班进行了为期近1年的实验。通过合理安排体育教学内容、方法和手段对儿童少年运动和智力潜能的开发和儿童健康成长的影响进行研究探讨。对实验前后各项运动处方指标,心、智能力及学习成绩的综合测试和统计结果发现：强化左侧肢体体育训练的实验班,在左、右和双侧肢体运动技能、智力、心理和学习成绩上,以及运动技能与智力和学习成绩的相关性上,均比以强化右侧肢体体育训练为主的对照班明显的要高。这表明均衡地发展双侧肢体运动技能,更快、更好地开发儿童少年运动和智力潜能,培养“全脑型”人,是当前中学体育教育改革的一项重要任务。     

儿童运动和智力潜能的开发

采用实验对比的方法,以研究开发儿童运动和智力潜能为目的.结果表明:通过对儿童左侧肢体运动技能的强化训练,对儿童运动技能和智力开发有明显的促进作用.运动技能的提高以精细动作最明显,智力的增强以手眼协调能力最突出,在时间上也存在差异,运动技能的增长实验第1年较第2年快,智力的提高幅度则相反.同时,运动技能的提高与智力提高存在着密切的相关关系.     

弱智学生全脑型体育教育模式的实践研究

对弱智学生进行有针对性的双侧肢体的协调活动，进行全脑型体育教育模式的实践研究，可以改善他们心智方面的缺陷，挖掘他们的身体协调性和左右侧肢体运动技能的潜能。     

脑潜能开发模式与运动训练

以现代脑科学的理论和应用研究为基础，探讨了运动训练过程中脑潜能开发的必要性，对脑潜能开发与运动技能、脑潜能与利手运动优势、脑潜能与竞技潜力储备等关系进行论述并提出运动训练领域中的脑潜能开发模式。认为应用适宜的脑潜能开发模式可改善运动技能学习的中枢协同机制，可直接提高训练效率和技能应用的智能化程度，对运动选材的可靠性及提高综合竞技潜力方面也有巨大的促进作用。     

右脑运动潜能开发与排球扣球技能习得关系的实验研究

以体育院系排球选修班学生为研究对象，采用分组“单盲”教学实验，从心理、生理学的角度出发，探讨在排球扣球技术教学中，实施以挖掘学生内在运动潜能和改善人体右脑运动调节功能为目的的双侧肢体同步交叉技能学习的教学策略，是否有利于双侧肢体技能的交叉迁移，影响优势侧（右侧）肢体运动技能的习得进程。实验结果表明，通过上述教学策略的运用可以促进右侧手运动技能的掌握进程，对学生的正面扣球技术技评和达标成绩都产生了积极的影响。     

全脑型体育教学模式在中重度弱智学生教学中的实践效果研究

对弱智学生进行有针对性的双侧肢体的协调活动,进行全脑型体育教学模式的实践研究,可以改善他们心智方面的缺陷,挖掘他们的身体协调性和左右侧肢体运动技能的潜能。为培养“全脑型弱智学生”和素质教育在培智学校进一步贯彻打下坚实的基础。     

运动技能的内隐学习与脑潜能开发

内隐学习是无意识地获得刺激环境操作规则及潜在结构的过程,是不同于人类外显学习的另一种学习模式。运动技能的内隐学习在技能的保持时间、复杂技能的掌握、应激条件下等方面表现出的优势及特点表明:运动员脑潜能开发不仅在于创造条件使内隐学习与外显学习相互转化,更在于着手开发儿童时期运动技能的内隐学习水平以促进脑功能模块的构建。提示,其潜能开发应提供多种环境刺激、暗示训练等模式。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究

以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法.