绿色项目组合配置的协同管理

随着绿色理念的发展,在协同视角下进行绿色项目组合配置成为组织管理的挑战,对组织实现可持续发展有着重要的支撑作用。在项目组合配置和绿色理念的基础上,分析绿色项目组合配置的概念和内容,提出绿色项目组合配置协同管理内涵,分析绿色项目组合配置协同管理的过程和评价框架,指导组织在绿色协同视角下进行项目组合配置实现组织战略目标,为现代企业实施项目组合配置管理提供新思路。     

项目组合配置协同进化及其效应研究

项目组合配置协同进化是对传统多项目管理的拓展,是未来企业实施战略项目化管理的趋势和难点,对企业发展有着重要的促进作用.在综述已有文献的基础上提出以战略为方向的项目组合配置协同进化概念,分析流程、资源以及组件功能等项目组合配置主体的协同进化模式,设计以战略为方向的项目组合配置协同进化流程,引出涵盖耦合效应、集聚绿洲效应、协同创新效应以及荫庇效应在内的项目组合配置协同进化效应概念,在分析各进化效应内涵的基础上提出项目组合配置协同进化持续优化策略,为现代企业进行战略导向下的项目配置管理提供可供参考的方法.     

项目组合配置协同进化模式及效应

项目组合配置协同进化是对传统多项目管理的拓展,是未来企业实施战略项目化管理的趋势和难点,对企业发展有着重要的促进作用。在综述已有文献的基础上提出以战略为方向的项目组合配置协同进化概念,分析流程、资源以及组件功能等项目组合配置主体的协同进化模式,设计以战略为方向的项目组合配置协同进化流程,引出涵盖耦合效应、集聚绿洲效应、协同创新效应以及荫庇效应在内的项目组合配置协同进化效应概念,在分析各进化效应内涵的基础上提出项目组合配置协同进化持续优化策略,为现代企业进行战略导向下的项目配置管理提供可供参考的方法。     

基于战略协同度的项目组合配置模型研究

将战略协同的概念引入到项目组合选择问题中,定义协同度函数和有序度的概念,分析拟配置项目的环境适应能力和项目间的战略协同关系,以战略目标为序参量构建基于战略协同度的项目组合配置模型,用战略协同发展度来度量协同效应,解决多约束、多关联、多目标的项目组合配置问题;并实例验证了模型的有效性。     

基于熵的项目组合配置协同度研究

以熵为理论出发点,在定义正协同、负协同、模糊协同和协同度等概念的基础上,提出定量描述项目级、工序级配置组件协同关系矩阵,设计以阶段协同熵加权反映配置组件模糊协同关系、以组件内外协同关系之和度量项目组合配置组件协同度的分析方法,构建基于熵的项目组合配置协同度决策模型,并通过企业实践对模型的可操作性进行验证。     

企业组合创新研究

本文从系统，组合的角度出发，对企业组合创新及其效益进行了探讨，指出组合创新实质上可认为是在企业发展战略引导下，受组织因素和技术因素制约的系统性协同创新行为，包括产品创新与工艺创新组合，渐近创新与重大创新组合，显性创新效益与隐性创新效益组合三个层次。并以此为企业从根本上改变在技术创新管理上的传统视角，以系统的观点和组合的角度进行技术创新项目管理，制定企业技术发展战略提供参考。     

产业技术研究院协同创新治理平台建设

本文从利益相关方的视角出发,探讨了影响"政产学研用"多个主体协同创新的关键要素,构建了产业技术研究院理事会领导下的五位一体的协同创新治理平台;对平台结构、构成要素及功能进行了系统设计与分析,为产业技术研究院实现多主体的紧密融合、良好互动和协同创新提供了组织保障,并能够为地方或国家研究院及其他协同创新项目式组织的运营与管理提供参考。     

跨组织研发项目多主体合作有限理性下的治理机制

探讨跨组织项目相关多主体合作问题,基于有限理性视角,从管理运作、关系协调等协同治理机制来分析影响协同治理效果的因素,建立跨组织研发项目多主体合作协同治理框架.理论研究和数值仿真结果表明:跨组织研发项目相关多主体合作之前所具备的基础收益对项目生成期没有影响,外部诱惑变大、企业信誉下降会降低整个寿命周期项目合作联盟系统的稳定性,将合作收益分配比例控制在一定范围内才能达到促进多主体合作的效果;项目多主体需控制合作成本和协同成本,防止协同关系破裂.企业信誉贯穿跨组织合作整个项目周期,因此合作多主体维持信誉显得尤为重要.     

南水北调工程项目群协同管理模型的构建及机理分析

在资源一定的条件下,加强多个项目之间的协同,最大限度地利用组织内部资源进行协同运作,产生协同经济效应,是项目群管理的关键。文章分析了项目群管理的协同共生效应、协同进化效应、协同创新效应及协同规模经济效应,论述了项目群协同管理的影响因素;在此基础上以南水北调工程项目群管理为例,建立了项目群协同管理模型,并详细论述了项目群协同管理机理及协同效应。     

面向协同创新的地方专利信息服务组织管理研究

基于在协同创新环境下探索培育适于地方创新发展的专利信息服务组织管理模式的目标,对当前协同创新环境和服务现状进行调查分析,并对当前信息服务组织管理研究趋势进行评述,然后运用信息生态位等理论,构建了新环境下的地方专利信息服务协同组织架构,最后以高校图书馆为视角,从部门设置、资源配备和时空布局3个方面提出了具体的组织管理方案。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.