中国科技创新多元化投入的演化及发展趋势

正2020年3月30日,中共中央、国务院发布《关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》,提出加快发展技术要素市场、完善科技创新资源配置方式、促进技术要素与资本要素融合发展、支持国际科技创新合作,等等。就是要通过市场机制,鼓励科技创新资源投入的科学化、多元化、国际化。未来15年是我国从全面建成小康社会向基本实现社会主义现代化迈进的关键时期,也是实现跻身创     

农产品-农业资源平衡表体系建立的理论与方法探讨

加入WTO后 ,中国农业将面对国际、国内两种资源、两个市场 ,意味着今后中国农产品供求将处于不断的变化过程中 ,由此也决定了未来中国农业资源配置也处于不断变动之中 ,建立农产品 -农业资源平衡表体系 ,对保障农业产品有效供给 ,实现农业资源的科学管理具有重要意义。该文系统地分析了不同农产品平衡表和不同农业资源的基本结构模式 ,及其之间的相互关系 ;农产品 -农业资源平衡表研究方法的基本特点 ;并通过实例分析 ,初步探讨了农产品与农业资源之间的相互关联关系     

我国政府公共信息服务的供求曲线和供求均衡分析

本文首先对政府公共信息服务的公共物品属性进行了深入分析,指出其具有消费上的非排他性和供给上的非竞争性特征。在此基础上,指出了政府公共信息服务在实现市场均衡和资源有效配置方面的局限性,研究其供求曲线,对政府公共信息服务的供求不均衡问题进行了分析。最后提出,要解决上述问题,需要在需求端建立需求表达机制,在供给端建立可竞争机制,重塑市场以重构政府公共信息服务的供求均衡并实现资源的有效配置。     

知识资源属性及其配置模式研究

从知识、知识资源和知识资源配置等基本理论出发,分析知识资源所具有的公共属性和商品属性,探讨与其属性相适应的共享与市场化配置模式,并在此基础上,深入分析知识资源配置过程中共享与市场化模式的相互关系.     

信息生态系统中资源配置的博弈行为分析

信息生态理论为信息资源配置研究提供了新思路.本文首先分析了信息生态系统具有的复杂适应性特征;然后引入囚徒困境博弈理论,构建信息生态系统中信息资源配置的博弈模型;最后分别从信息资源的存量配置和增量配置两方面分析信息行为主体间的动态博弈行为及其收益.     

国家科研机构基础研究行为的演化博弈分析——基于经费配置视角

政府的科技资源配置策略将直接影响科研机构的基础研究行为，两方行为策略组合的本质特征是各方为实现自身利益最大化而进行的博弈互动，然而，鲜有研究关注到在基础研究发展过程中应如何协调政府与科研机构间的策略选择以实现各方利益最大化，因此，从博弈视角分析政府经费配置策略与科研机构基础研究行为之间的互动关系有其合理性与必要性。为此，综合考虑我国经费配置机制变革与经费总量提升对科研机构基础研究行为的影响，构建政府与科研机构行为互动的演化博弈模型，并对影响演化稳定策略的主要因素进行仿真模拟。结果表明：构建有效的稳定支持机制而非简单增加经费总量是科研机构聚焦主责主业的必要条件；政府不同干预手段对博弈主体的策略选择存在异质性影响，研发补贴的影响有限，其敏感性弱于预算扣减与科研奖励；政府初始意愿和科研机构间协同创新程度等因素也均会显著影响博弈系统演化收敛至理想状态的速度。由此启示我国政府应对科研机构实行与研究型大学差异化的经费资助模式，充分发挥惩罚性激励与国家科技奖等科研奖励对研究主体的激励作用，促进科研机构与大学之间的良性交互。     

基于博弈视角分析企业经理人人力资本定价问题

经理人人力资本是企业价值的关键驱动因素.在对传统的经理人人力资本定价方法进行综评的基础上指出人力资本定价是一个复杂讨价还价的博弈问题,而经理人人力资本的价值是一个博弈均衡点,经过长期的演化博弈经理人人力资本的价值最终将趋于一个稳定值,但目前上市公司经理人人力资本的价值却无法达到这个稳定值.     

电子政务信息资源的优化配置及其效率分析

文章指出:电子政务信息资源的优化配置源于其效用上的有用性和需求上的稀缺性,它的基本类型包括时间配置、空间配置、数量配置与政府主导的配置、市场主导的配置,对电子政务信息资源配置的效率内涵及效率的实现条件进行分析,可进一步研究改善电子政务信息资源配置效率的措施.     

矿产资源产业可持续发展模式及机制分析

在经济转型及“两型社会”建设的背景下,研究矿产资源产业可持续发展问题具有重要理论和现实意义.在对矿产资源产业演化微观机制及趋势分析的基础上,分析并构建了矿产资源产业可持续发展模式及实现机制.研究认为技术创新型矿产资源产业集群是矿产资源产业可持续发展的唯一选择,而实现矿产资源产业可持续发展必须要建立产业绿色技术的创新机制、产业共生机制、矿产资源产业与生产服务业和高技术制造业的联动机制以及政府作用机制.     

区域创新平台的供给与定价机制研究

关键共性技术研发对以特定产业集群为支柱的区域经济实现创新驱动意义重大.在案例分析的基础上,提炼分析了区域创新平台的供给机制,揭示了信息不完全条件下双边区域创新平台的研发成果定价机制.研究发现,区域创新平台的供给是一个类型依赖型博弈主体进行贝叶斯博弈的过程,博弈均衡结果取决于集群企业与区域创新平台研发成本的相对大小;区域创新平台是一个对接研究机构与集群企业技术创新供求的双边协调者,交叉网络外部性等双边特征决定了其实施非均衡两步定价方式,集群企业与平台之间的双方叫价模型是平台实现不对称两步定价的关键机制,而供给主体不同的区域创新平台在研发成果交易性质、均衡交易数量、产业化率等方面存在差异,政府主导型区域创新平台契约性突出,而龙头企业主导型则更具关系性.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.