中医肝脏与运动性疲劳

现代中医学研究发现，肝脏与运动性疲劳紧密相关。已有诸多学者指出，运动性疲劳的整体功能状态改变．有赖于五脏的共同调节，在五脏中肝居于核心位置。五脏中与运动性疲劳有直接与间接关系较密切者，当首推肝脏，疲劳产生的根本在肝的调节功能失常。本文较全面的综述了中医肝脏与运动性疲劳的关系，旨在为运动性疲劳的中医理论研究、中药消除运动性疲劳以及提高机体运动能力提供理论参考。     

冰雪项目优秀运动员运动性疲劳的中医分型和诊断标准的研究

运用中医理论结合现代医学思想，对优秀冰雪运动员“运动性疲劳”症候进行调查、分析，制订出一套“运动性疲劳”的中医分型方法，并提出各型疲劳症候的诊断标准，以及“运动性疲劳”、“虚劳”与“脏腑虚劳”的鉴别诊断。     

运动性疲劳及其恢复

运动性疲劳包括运动性生理疲劳和运动性心理疲劳，通过分析其产生的机理，采用适当的、针对性的恢复措施，消除运动性疲劳，从而提高运动训练效果。     

运动性疲劳的产生与消除

运动性疲劳的产生与体能的恢复是当前体育科学研究中的重要问题。本拟就运动性疲劳产生的机制、分类、判断及消除手段进行了论述，以期为运动性疲劳进行深入地研究提供有益的参考。     

运动性疲劳与pH值

运动性疲劳是一个复杂的现象。众多研究表明，pH的下降与运动性疲劳具有很高的相关性。PH值的下降可通过影响骨骼肌、脑、心脏、呼吸、肝脏等器官系统而促发运动性疲劳的产生。     

自由基与运动性疲劳

随首自由基理论引入运动医学领域之后，运动与自由基已成为人们关注的课题，此领域的研究主要集中于：运动性内源性自由基代谢，自由基与运动性疲劳，自由基与运动性肌肉损伤等。本就自由基与运动性疲劳这一问题进行简要综述。     

运动性疲劳的产生与消除

运动性疲劳的产生与机能的恢复，是当前体育科学研究中的重要问题，就运动性疲劳产生的机制、分类、判断及消除手段进行综述。     

浅析微量元素硒对运动性疲劳的影响

硒是人体所需的一种微量元素，近年来随着硒对人体更多生物学功能的揭示及运动性疲劳研究的进一步深入，硒在防治运动性疲劳方面的作用越来越受到运动营养学方面的关注，就目前硒与运动性疲劳方面的研究现状与前景进行一些探讨。     

运动性中枢疲劳及相关神经递质研究进展

运动性中枢疲劳已成为科研人员研究的一个热点。随着神经生物学新技术的发展,运动性中枢疲劳方面的研究取得了很大的进展,现已提出了几种与运动性中枢疲劳有关的神经递质。神经递质是中枢神经系统产生的敏感性物质,与运动性中枢疲劳有着密切的关系。本文采用文献综述法,阐述了5-羟色胺、多巴胺、γ-氨基丁酸与运动性中枢疲劳之间的关系及其疲劳消除方法,以期为运动性中枢疲劳的消除提供科学依据。     

关于运动性疲劳研究中的几点疑问

研究发现当前运动性疲劳的定义在定位、翻译、起源等方面存在不足之处;＂运动性疲劳与恢复＂的提法不科学,并明确指出运动性疲劳的生化研究宏观上包括两个方面,即＂运动性疲劳的监控＂和＂运动性疲劳的恢复＂;诸多研究在探讨＂过度训练＂时,不应该忽略对＂疲劳＂或＂运动性疲劳＂的说明。     

Fatigue decreases skilled tennis performance

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fatigue from maximal tennis hitting on skilled tennis performance. Eighteen senior county tennis players (9 males, 9 females) volunteered to participate in the study. Their mean ( - s x -macron ) age and body mass were as follows: males 20.7 - 0.9 years and 60.6 - 2.7 kg respectively, females 21.7 - 0.6 years and 71.5 - 1.8 kg respectively. The players undertook two performance tests, both against a tennis ball serving machine, on an indoor tennis surface: (1) a pre- and post-skill test of groundstrokes and service; (2) the Loughborough Intermittent Tennis Test (4 min work plus 40 s recovery) to volitional fatigue. Body mass decreased by 1.5% ( P ? 0.0001). Mean heart rates differed between rest, post-warm-up and all intermittent test values ( P ? 0.01), between the pre- and post-skill tests ( P ? 0.0001) and between bouts and recoveries ( P ? 0.01). Peak blood glucose and lactate concentrations were 5.9 mmol· l -1 (50% into the intermittent tennis test) and 9.6 - 0.9 mmol· l -1 (25% into the test) respectively. Mean time to volitional fatigue was 35.4 - 4.6 min. Groundstroke hitting accuracy decreased by 69% from start to volitional fatigue in the intermittent test ( P ? 0.01). Service accuracy to the right court declined by 30% after the intermittent tennis test. The results of this study suggest that fatigue was accompanied by a decline in some but not all tennis skills.     

浅析运动训练过程中细胞凋亡对运动能力的影响

细胞凋亡是由基因调控的细胞死亡过程，它对于多细胞生物的生存和发展以及维持其自身的稳定有极其重要的作用。近年来，细胞凋亡已成为运动医学界研究的热点．本文通过查阅资料，对各种实验模型中运动或类似运动而引起的细胞凋亡进行总结，试图从中发现运动性与细胞凋亡的关系，以便为运动性疲劳的判断和恢复，运动损伤的尽快恢复提供一定的指导.     

锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn—SOD）与运动

Mn—SOD是抵御线粒体氧化损伤的关键性屏障,为延缓运动性疲劳及预防运动性损伤发挥着重要的生理学作用。因此,本文通过查阅相关文献,从Mn—SOD的一般生物学特性及急性和慢性运动对抗氧化酶Mn—SOD的影响等方面进行阐述,为更好地认识Mn—SOD在不同运动方式中的变化特点及其作用提供参考和借鉴。     

运动对自由基生成及超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

综述了近年来运动对自由基生成及运动对超氧化物歧化酶活性影响的研究进展。1)运动训练可导致体内自由基生成增多,而且自由基与肌肉的疲劳损伤有关;2)运动训练可引起SOD活性的变化。     

一氧化氮与运动疲劳关系的研究进展

一氧化氮(NO)是一种自由基,也是一种重要的细胞内信使分子,其参与许多生理过程,具有广泛的生物学效应。本文主要从NO对肌肉的外周机制和大脑的中枢机制两方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述,探讨了NO与运动性中枢疲劳的关系,并展望了其在消除运动性疲劳的意义。     

基因芯片技术与中医学结合在运动性疲劳中的应用前景

中西医结合研究运动性疲劳是我国的特色，但由于中西医在思维方式和方法论上的迥异，一直不能取得突破性进展。基因芯片技术作为现代科学的产物，使现代医学的思维模式从还原论跃进到整体论和系统论，中西医思维模式第1次实现统一。展望在中医理论指导下运用基因芯片技术研究运动性疲劳的前景，可能在以下几方面取得进展：研究和校正运动性疲劳的中医分型：研究中药的有效成分和中药复方的疗效，开发消除运动性疲劳的中药单方和复方；研究不同中医证侯型运动性疲劳的基因表达谱，开发诊断运动性疲劳的基因芯片；制定消除运动疲劳的个性化中药组方，等等。     

The ‘worn-out athlete’: A clinical approach to chronic fatigue in athletes

Chronic fatigue in the athletic population is a common but difficult diagnostic challenge for the sports physician. While a degree of fatigue may be normal for any athlete during periods of high-volume training, the clinician must be able to differentiate between this physiological fatigue and more prolonged, severe fatigue which may be due to a pathological condition. As chronic fatigue can be the presenting symptom of many curable and harmful diseases, medical conditions which cause chronic fatigue have to be excluded. The clinician must then be able to differentiate between chronic fatigue associated with training or chronic fatigue from other medical causes, and also between the chronic fatigue syndrome and the overtraining syndrome. Once the clinician has excluded all of the above medical conditions which cause chronic fatigue in athletes, a significant proportion of fatigued athletes remain without a diagnosis. Novel data indicate that skeletal muscle disorders may play a role in the development of symptoms experienced by the athlete with chronic fatigue. The histological findings from muscle biopsies of athletes suffering from the ‘fatigued athlete myopathic syndrome’ are presented. We have designed a clinical approach to the diagnosis and work-up of the athlete presenting with chronic fatigue. The strength of this approach is that it hinges on the participation of a multidisciplinary team in the diagnosis and management of the athlete with chronic fatigue. The athlete, coach, dietician, exercise physiologist and sport psychologist all play an important role in enabling the physician to make the correct diagnosis.     

Physiological requirements of cricket

Despite its long history and global appeal, relatively little is known about the physiological and other requirements of cricket. It has been suggested that the physiological demands of cricket are relatively mild, except in fast bowlers during prolonged bowling spells in warm conditions. However, the physiological demands of cricket may be underestimated because of the intermittent nature of the activity and the generally inadequate understanding of the physiological demands of intermittent activity. Here, we review published studies of the physiology of cricket. We propose that no current model used to analyse the nature of exercise fatigue (i.e. the cardiovascular–anaerobic model, the energy supply–energy depletion model, the muscle power–muscle recruitment model) can adequately explain the fatigue experienced during cricket. A study of players in the South African national cricket team competing in the 1999 Cricket World Cup revealed that, in a variety of measures of explosive ('anaerobic') power and aerobic endurance capacity, they were as 'fit' as South African national rugby players competing in the 1999 Rugby World Cup. Yet, outwardly, the physiological demands of rugby would seem to be far greater than those of cricket. This poses the question: 'Why are these international cricketers so fit if the physiological demands of cricket are apparently so mild?' One possibility is that this specific group of athletes are unusually proficient in a variety of sports; many achieved high standards of performance in other sports, including rugby, before choosing to specialize in cricket. Hence their apparently high fitness may simply reflect a superior genetic physical endowment, necessary to achieve success in modern international sports, including cricket. Alternatively, it could be hypothesized that superior power and endurance fitness may be required to cope with the repeated eccentric muscle contractions required in turning and in bowling and which may account for fatigue and risk of injury in cricket. If this is the case, the fitness of cricketers may be increased and their risk of injury reduced by more specific eccentric exercise training programmes.     

体育运动训练竞赛中疲劳类型及其解决途径

近年来,体育运动愈来愈受到人们的关注和青睐,在体育运动训练与竞赛中产生运动疲劳是身体运动到一定程度从而引起组织器官机能下降的一种正常生理现象,然而当运动负荷超过人体的机能承载能力时,就会让人呼吸变得急促、肌肉酸痛、反应迟钝,必须经过一段时间恢复才能继续运动,所以如何消除疲劳感是体育训练中需要重点解决的问题。基于此,该文对体育运动训练中常见的疲劳类型和判断方法进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决措施,帮助消除疲劳感和提高身体素质。     

血红素加氧酶系统与运动能力

血红素加氧酶系统是体内重要的抗氧化酶系统,该系统可通过减少氧自由基的产生,发挥抗氧化应激作用。另外,运动性疲劳的出现导致运动能力下降与自由基增多密切相关,故文章采用文献资料法和逻辑推理法对血红素加氧酶系统与运动能力方面的文献进行归纳与综述。