高校攀岩运动现状与对策研究

攀岩运动集健身、娱乐、教育、竞技于一体,是高校体育课程的拓展型运动项目之一,它体现了现代教育理念。针对高校攀岩运动的现状,阐述高校体育教学中攀岩运动的积极因素,提出亟待解决的问题,并提出了相应的发展对策,为攀岩运动在高校更好地开展作理论上的探讨。     

广东省攀岩队“高校办队”模式的可行性研究

伴随着社会经济的快速发展,人们越来越重视发展体育休闲运动,而表现形式的多元化也将成为体育休闲运动未来发展的首要趋势。攀岩运动作为有着极强冒险挑战和创造精神的一种运动,深受年轻人的喜爱。随着攀岩项目的专业竞技规则逐渐发展完善,其于2020年进入奥运会,成为正式的比赛项目。因此,攀岩队专业竞技人才的培养、攀岩人才梯队的训练体系和攀岩队伍的训练管理等各方面都面临着亟待解决的问题。本文通过调研其他省攀岩队高校办队的模式和经验,探讨广东省攀岩队高校办队模式的可行性。经过分析认为,广东省攀岩队高校办队模式切实可行,无论硬件、软件,还是政策、生源等等,都有得天独厚的条件,能保障高校办队模式的顺利实施。     

我国高校攀岩运动开展现状之研究

文章运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法对我国高校攀岩运动的开展现状及当前所存在的问题进行研究，以期为我国高校有效开展攀岩运动提供参考。     

竞技攀岩溯源与演变研究

竞技攀岩作为新晋奥运项目,探究其起源和演变过程可为我国竞技攀岩的发展提供借鉴、指导及理论缘由。采用文献资料研究和逻辑分析方法,探讨了竞技攀岩的概念,分析了竞技攀岩诞生的装备和技术基础、社会文化背景,以及三个发展阶段的主要特征。研究表明,竞技攀岩是攀岩运动中符合现代竞技体育特征的部分,是攀岩运动"竞技体育化"的结果;器械装备升级提供的技术基础和战后复兴的历史背景,共同促成了竞技攀岩在苏联的诞生;竞技攀岩的演变经历了苏联时期的普及化与国际化尝试、UIAA主导的竞技攀岩国际管理体系与赛事体系建设、IFSC引领的奥运发展新时期三个阶段;竞技攀岩的后奥运时代将迎来前所未有的发展契机。     

竞技攀岩溯源与演变研究

竞技攀岩作为新晋奥运项目，探究其起源和演变过程可为我国竞技攀岩的发展提供借鉴、指导及理论缘由。采用文献资料研究和逻辑分析方法，探讨了竞技攀岩的概念，分析了竞技攀岩诞生的装备和技术基础、社会文化背景，以及三个发展阶段的主要特征。研究表明，竞技攀岩是攀岩运动中符合现代竞技体育特征的部分，是攀岩运动"竞技体育化"的结果；器械装备升级提供的技术基础和战后复兴的历史背景，共同促成了竞技攀岩在苏联的诞生；竞技攀岩的演变经历了苏联时期的普及化与国际化尝试、UIAA主导的竞技攀岩国际管理体系与赛事体系建设、IFSC引领的奥运发展新时期三个阶段；竞技攀岩的后奥运时代将迎来前所未有的发展契机。     

攀岩运动研究

运用文献资料法等探析攀岩运动的起源和国内外发展概况,并对其发展前景进行展望预测,着重从“需要层次理论”、“社会互动理论”、“生态体育理论”等思想理论出发,窥探攀岩运动所涉及的人类学、心理学、伦理学、社会学和休闲学范畴内的文化价值内涵。提升攀岩运动文化的象征性、多样性和共享性,为攀岩运动的快速健康发展做出应有的努力。     

江西省攀岩运动市场推广现状与策略研究

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法,对江西省攀岩运动的现状与发展策略进行研究,结果表明:江西省青少年攀岩推广缓慢;与旅游结合的发展试点较少,开发规模也较小,未能形成项目品牌;进入商场体验推广困难;在户外拓展训练项目中推广前景较大.建议加强市场竞争管理,学习国内成功市场化运作经验,打造江西攀岩运动特色品牌,加强社会性合作.     

高校攀岩体育课程安全保障刍议

针对高校实施攀岩体育课程所面临的安全隐患,对学生体育活动过程中运动损伤状况的调查,寻找攀岩课程的安全性依据,并提出确保高校攀岩体育课程安全实施的对策及措施。     

攀岩课在教学中存在的问题及对策探析

攀岩是一项极具挑战性的运动,当攀登者历经艰辛达到岩壁最高处时,他会体会到一种成功的喜悦与征服感：攀岩运动不仅能锻炼人的毅力、增强团结协作精神、还能培养责任心。因此,目前许多高校已纷纷建有攀宕壁,且开设了攀岩这一体育课程。但,由于攀岩运动在我国起步较晚,高校开设这门课程后必将遇到各种各样的问题,以下从开设攀岩课程的意义展开,对教学中存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应对策,以期攀岩运动在高校得以更好的开展：     

高校攀岩运动员身体素质相关指标的监测与研究

通过文献资料法、调查访问法、测量法和数理统计法,建构高校攀岩运动员身体素质评价基本结构模型。研究可知,高校攀岩运动员的身体素质主要受五个因子的控制;身体素质综合评价模型能比较客观、全面地评定出运动员的身体素质训练水平,为今后运动员的运动训练及运动员选材提供科学依据。     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.