媒介公信力再探:公信力评价个人层面效果分析

本文的主要目的在于探析我国受众的媒介公信力评价,以及公信力评价对公民政治认知和行为的影响,同时比较媒介可信度与媒介表现这两个常用的媒介公信力指标对四个因变量的预测效度.数据分析显示:1)电视仍然是公信力最高的媒介形式,互联网的可信度仅高于杂志;2)媒介公信力评价与社会问题感知、政治犬儒主义情绪、对新闻深度处理策略和个人意见表达均有显著关系;3)媒介表现评价对四个因变量的解释力度大于媒介可信度评价.     

解析中国媒介新闻可信度

本文以上海居民为研究样本(N=800)进行问卷调查,检验中国公众如何判断传统媒介和网络的新闻可信度,并探求了哪些因素影响这些媒介的新闻可信度。研究发现,中国公众认为电视新闻最可信,传统媒介的新闻比网络新闻更可信;媒介依赖比媒介使用能更好地预测媒介新闻可信度;人口学变量对评估网络新闻可信度没有影响,年龄和文化程度影响人们对传统媒介新闻可信度的评估;人们使用不同的评价标准评定不同媒介的新闻可信度,没有任何一个媒介表现因素对所有的媒介新闻可信度产生影响。     

广告刊播与媒介公信力

媒介公信力是公众对媒介的社会期待与媒介实际表现之间契合程度在公众心理上的反映。媒介公信力的影响因素复杂而多样,其中媒介所提供的信息的质量为最直接、最关键因素。刊播广告能够壮大媒介的经济实力,有助于提升媒介公信力。但是,刊播广告有可能造成广告商控制媒介,影响新闻报道的客观公正。目前,我国新闻媒介刊播广告存在虚假广告、新闻广告、庸俗广告和随意插播广告、广告超量等问题,引起公众强烈不满,有损媒介公信力。珍惜媒介公信力,规范广告刊播行为,势在必需。     

青少年价值观形成的媒介因素实证分析

随着媒介化社会的来临,大众媒介对青少年价值观的影响越来越显著。为了解不同阶段青少年群体价值观形成中媒介因素的影响状况,笔者于2010年下半年在沈阳地区8所学校进行了问卷调查,发现媒介因素在青少年价值观形成过程中发挥着重要影响:初中生价值观形成过程中倾向于接受与正统学校教育相一致的媒介影响;大学生的主流价值观受大众媒介负面影响较大,且媒介依赖性较强;高中生对媒介内容的喜爱度最高,且主流价值观较模糊和犹疑。     

当代大学生媒介需求调查

本文从大学生的媒介消费倾向、媒介需求特性、对各类新闻报道满意程度的评价、对新闻媒体存在不足的认识4个方面,就当代大学生的媒介需求问题进行了调查分析.     

媒介使用、媒介依赖对信任评价的影响——基于不同媒介的比较研究

信任是社会秩序建立的基础,其主要形态包括人际信任、社会信任和政治信任。大众传播媒介对信任的各种形态都具有不同程度的影响,以往关于媒介使用与政治信任、社会信任的影响关系的研究多有涉及。研究通过问卷调查,试图探究报纸、电视、网络、手机等不同媒介使用和媒介依赖与信任评价内在影响关系。研究发现,就信任评价而言,较之社会信任、政治信任,人际信任目前依然在中国社会信任中占据主要位置;就媒介使用与信任评价而言,无论是对人际信任、社会信任还是政治信任评价,网络、手机等新媒体对信任评价的影响远高于作为传统媒介的电视与报纸;但就媒介依赖而言,报纸、电视、网络、手机媒介依赖与人际信任、社会信任变量各指标无显著相关,但是与政治信任呈显著相关。此外,对于人际信任和社会信任评价,媒介使用各变量对信任评价的预测力超过媒介依赖变量对信任评价的预测力;而对于政治信任评价,媒介依赖各变量对信任评价的预测力远超于媒介使用。     

媒介融合下新闻采编人员的职业素养

近年来,在媒介不断融合以及新闻表现手法与表达渠道逐渐倾向于多元化、复杂化的背景下,对于相应的新闻采编人员的素质提出了更加严格的要求。本文根据媒介融合背景下新闻采编人员所面临的问题来对新闻采编人员的职业素养进行了分析与探讨。     

论媒介信用与媒介威望

媒介信用或媒介公信力的问题,是我国学术界近年来热议的话题。但是,目前国内大多教学者用媒介公信力取代了媒介可信度的概念,更没有用媒介信用的理论来统领媒介可信度与媒介公众信任,在很大程度上造成了学术研究的混乱。本文从概念的语义和理论来源入手,辨析了公众信任与可信度的意义区别,结合西方社会学和传播学关于信任、可信度、信用理论的历史发展,界定了媒介信用的逻辑起点是可信度而不是公信力。在此基础上,提出了媒介信用理论体系的建构方式,论证了媒介公信力是一个误用的传播学概念,廓清了理论上的迷误。     

公共政策媒介形象及其影响因素分析

公共政策媒介形象是在大众传媒信息传播中形成的,它主要是生产者对公共政策认知结果,并对公众建立公共政策认同感、维护社会稳定及树立政府形象有积极意义。本文分析了政策制定程序的合理性和制定者的公信力、执行者素质和效能等方面是影响公共政策媒介形象的内在因素;适度的信息传播量、媒介报道框架、媒介类型和公众原有立场倾向是影响公共政策媒介形象的外在因素。     

试析媒介公信力的缺失——从危机公关所引申到的

现代社会,大众传媒有着宣传威力。媒介自身的地位以及受众对其的认可度,在一定程度上影响着媒介公信力。然而,危机公关的出现使得媒介公信力的塑造和提升面临着更加严峻的挑战。本文从危机传播的角度出发,引申探讨新闻媒介公信力的现状及其缺失原因,进而揭示媒介公信力塑造、甚至重塑的重要性和必要性。     

How college students evaluate and share “fake news” stories

The spread of “fake news” stories online has become a pressing concern in the United States and around the world in recent years. Social media platforms enable the rapid spread of such misinformation and also make evaluating the credibility of online information more difficult. Since college students are frequent users of social media, they are particularly likely to be exposed to fake news. A survey was conducted with 63 undergraduate students in which they identified and evaluated examples of both fake and real news stories and reported their associated information behaviors. Results showed correlations between accurate identification of fake news stories and specific critical evaluation behaviors and strategies. However, students were unable to accurately evaluate their own skills, and their willingness to share fake news stories on social media was not related to accurate identifications or evaluations of trustworthiness. This study contributes to the understanding of not just how accurately students evaluate fake news stories, but of the specific information-seeking behaviors and critical evaluation strategies that are associated with accurate identifications and evaluations and with willingness to share news stories on social media. Implications for educators and directions for future research are discussed.     

Political News Journalists in Social Media

Social media allow everyone to show off their personalities and to publicly express opinions and engage in discussions on politicised matters, and as political news journalists engage in social media practices, one might ask if all political news journalists will finally end up as self-promoting political pundits. This study examines the way political news journalists use social media and how these practices might challenge journalistic norms related to professional distance and neutrality. The study uses cluster analysis and detects five user types among political news journalists: the sceptics, the networkers, the two-faced, the opiners, and the sparks. The study finds, among other things, a sharp divide between the way political reporters and political commentators use social media. Very few reporters are comfortable sharing political opinions or blurring the boundaries between the personal and the professional, indicating that traditional journalistic norms still stand in political news journalism.     

Antecedents of Incidental News Exposure: The Role of Media Preference,Use and Trust

ABSTRACT

The online environment has radically changed the way in which users consume, discover and manipulate news. The growing relevance of social media platforms and digital intermediaries for news sharing and consumption increase the likelihood of citizens to be exposed to online news even when they are not seeking it. This digital transformation fundamentally challenges the way online news use and exposure have been conceptualized and measured, affecting also to citizens’ knowledge about public affairs and politics. This article examines the factors that predict the probability to be an “incidentally exposed news user” online. Specifically, based on a representative US sample from the Pew Research Centre, this study analyses the role of media preference, use and trust. Findings indicate that beyond users’ demographics and loyalty, readers’ news preferences, uses and trust, specially of social media platforms, affect their probability to be incidentally exposed to news online. These results have important empirical and theoretical implications for understanding the connection between readers’ news consumption patterns and online exposure, intentional or incidental.     

社会化媒体使用与公共事件认知及参与——针对微博活跃用户问卷调查分析

[目的/意义]探讨信息媒介特别是社会化媒体的使用情况、对传统媒体与社会化媒体公正与全面程度判断,与用户对公共话题认知程度、参与情况之间的关系。[方法/过程]对585名微博活跃用户进行问卷调查,考察他们对于各类型媒体特别是社会化媒体的使用情况、公信力判断,以及对25个公共事件的认知和参与情况。[结果/结论]媒体（无论是传统媒体还是网络媒体）使用频率越高,对公共事件认知水平越高;对于负面特定事件,受社会媒体影响越高的用户自认为对此类事件的认知度越低,而受电视影响越高的用户自认为对这类事件认知度越高;尽管抽样用户认为微博较之传统媒体,报道全面程度和公正程度更高,但信息不一致的情况下,用户选择相信电视、门户网站、报纸等渠道高于微博。     

Learning Politics From Social Media: Interconnection of Social Media Use for Political News and Political Issue and Process Knowledge

Drawing on a national survey of 1,157 South Korean adults, the present study finds that social media use for political news is positively associated with knowledge about political issues, but not with knowledge about political processes. Professional media use for political news is significantly associated with both political issue knowledge and political process knowledge. The impact of social media for news on political issue knowledge increases with the additive role of professional media news use. This study also finds that political talk strengthens the positive association between social media use for news and political issue knowledge.     

Media use,postmaterialist values,and political interest: the making of Chinese environmentalists and their views on their social environment

Using the Chinese part (N=1000) of the fourth-wave (2001) World Values Survey data, this research finds a positive association between news media use and willingness to be a Chinese environmentalist. However, this association disappears when political interest, a stronger and more consistent moderator of being a Chinese environmentalist, is put together in one model. The study also finds a positive association between postmaterialist values and being a Chinese environmentalist, and Chinese environmentalists tend to be more skeptical of the media and the government than non-environmentalists. While Chinese environmentalists prefer a triumph of environmental protection over economic development, they have no preference between statements of human beings mastering nature and human beings coexisting with nature, compared with non-environmentalist respondents.     

News Stories on the Facebook Platform: Millennials’ Perceived Credibility of Online News Sponsored by News and Non-News Companies

ABSTRACT

This experimental study examined whether stories presented on Facebook that appeared to be from a news organization were rated as higher in perceived credibility than stories that appeared to be from a non-news organization. One-hundred-and-seven participants took part in the online study. One group saw stories that appeared to be from a news organization and another group saw the same stories that appeared to be from a non-news organization. Both groups rated the stories the same in terms of perceived credibility. The study also found that the higher the participants rated the stories in terms of perceived credibility, the higher they rated the organization’s perceived credibility. These findings point to potential implications for traditional journalistic outlets regarding their ability to be seen as credible, reliable online news sources—particularly through a social media platform like Facebook.     

Social Media and Speed-Driven Journalism: Expectations and Practices

To examine how journalists use, and are affected by, social media in their pursuit for speed, this study conducted in-depth interviews with 11 journalists from various U.S. national, metropolitan, and local newspapers. Findings revealed an industry-wide expectation that journalists engage with audiences on social media. But in terms of practice, most interviewees reported that they mainly use Twitter to facilitate news work (i.e., contact hard-to-reach sources) and communicate with other journalists; audiences are rarely their focus on social media. The interviewees were also asked about their perception of how Twitter affects audiences. Most interviewees were unsure of its impact on credibility, but believed that it may promote news use, although not contribute to news organizations’ bottom line. This study offers five reasons why social media are not saving the newspaper industry, and discusses managerial implications regarding the gap between social media expectations and practices.     

传统媒体与新媒体微博社会网络特征对比分析实证研究

[目的/意义]为了解传统媒体微博与新媒体微博信息传播规律与特征的差异,识别各类型媒体微博中具有高度影响力的媒体微博节点,以促进媒体微博的全面发展。[方法/过程]研究基于社会网络理论,选取新浪微博中的传统媒体微博及新媒体微博各50个作为研究样本,测度其社会网络结构特征,比较分析两者的信息传播规律。[结果/结论]研究发现,传统媒体微博和新媒体微博网络整体均较为紧密,且传统媒体微博高于新媒体微博;信息在传统媒体微博网络中的传播较新媒体微博更为便利,信息转移效率更高,网络节点之间的整体凝聚性更强;传统媒体微博中纸质媒体微博在地位上占据绝对优势,而新媒体微博中各类型媒体微博则相对发展均衡;新媒体微博权利更为集中,呈现两极分化状态,而传统媒体微博则更为均衡。     

建设综合性实验教学平台实训复合型现代传媒人才

当今社会已是信息社会,以信息传播技术为核心的新闻传播媒介,目前已经进入了采编网络化、通讯数字化、传输同步化的时代。高等院校如何培养适应现代社会需要的上手快、能力强、素质高、后劲足的复合型传媒人才,成为当今传媒教育界迫切需要解决的重大问题,也是传媒实验室所面临的现实问题。