中国叶下珠属植物的修订

 本文对中国叶下珠属植物进行了整理，记载了6个亚属，7个组，33个种和4个变种，    其中有1个新亚属，5个新种，1个新名称，9个新异名。     

香蒲属的成分研究——IV．香蒲属化学和系统学的研究

从蒙古香蒲Typha davidiana，宽叶香蒲T．latifolia和长苞香蒲T．angustata花粉中     分别分离得到几个相同的黄酮类化合物。三个为甙元，五个为黄酮醇甙；用薄层层析分析了     五种香蒲花粉(包括上述三种)的黄酮类化合物，结果表明各种花粉黄酮成分基本一致。     从化学上把香蒲属和黑三棱属及可能相关的16个科作了比较，结果表明：香蒲属与露兜     树科相差很远；与帚灯草科，须叶藤科，谷精草科相似；与黑三棱属非常相似；因此建议把香蒲     属和黑三棱属同归于一科——香蒲科，成立香蒲目。该目可能与帚灯草目接近。这些结果与    近来的解剖学、孢粉学、血清学、胚胎学、和细胞学方面的研究结果是一致的。     

马铃苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的分类

按本文处理，马铃苣苔属Oreocharis包括27种、5变种，其中有5个新种、4个新变     种。文中分析研究了该属的外部形态和地理分布; 在扫描电镜(SEM)下，对22个种的花粉     外壁和16个种的种皮进行了观察。结果认为花冠有三个类型，花药有两个类型，花粉和种皮     的外壁纹饰也可各分为三个类型。花冠的各种类型是稳定的，它们与花粉粒和种皮的特征明     显相关。其相关性是该属次级划分的主要依据。该属分为四个组。以O．bodinieri建立的 属，Dasydesmus  Craib被并入Oreocharis。     

菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属

本文是对菊科莴苣属Lactuca L. 的分类订正, 文中起用了乳苣属Mulgedium Cass.和山   莴苣属Lagedium Sojak两个较老的属名, 建立了二个新属，即翅果菊属Ptrocypsela Shih与假   福王草属Paraprenathes Chang. 文末提供了莴苣属及邻近属以及东亚地区的有关种类的分属分种检索表。     

万年青属和开口箭属5个种的核型研究

本文对江西、浙江、四川的万年青Rohdea japonica，开口箭Tupistra chinensis、筒花开口箭     T．delavayi、金山开口箭T．jinshanensis以及弯蕊开口箭T.wattii的核型进行了分析，其中筒花开     口箭、金山开口箭和弯蕊开口箭的核型为首次报道。万年青属的基本核型为2n=38＝26m十10sm十 2st；开口箭属的基本核型为2n=38＝26m+12sm，两者极为相似。本文还对万年青属、开口箭属 与其邻近属——铃兰属Convallaria、吉祥草属Reineckia、白穗花属Speitantha，蜘蛛抱蛋属Aspi- distra等的核型进行了分析讨论。     

肋柱花属的系统研究

本文对肋柱花属的属下分类、系统发育和地理分布等方面进行了深入研究。文用分支系统学的方法和原理，用计算机PAUP程序处理，获得了几个最简约的支序图。  肋柱花属属于龙胆亚族辐状花冠群，在这群中，论亲缘关系它与辐花属最近，与獐牙菜属次之，而与黄秦艽属关系较远。  獐牙菜属在进化程度上较肋柱花属低，因此它被选为肋柱花属的外类群。 经过支序分析，肋柱花属的18个种根据Hennig的“共近裔性原则”可组合为三个组，其中肉质根茎组为较原始的组，肋柱花组为中级进化水平的组，合萼组是进化程度最高的组。 肋柱花属是北温带分布型的属，分布于亚洲、欧洲及北美洲，直达北极。从种的地理分布型分析，表明秦岭一横断山区是本属的起源与分化中心。 随文报道了一个新组、一个新种和一个新变种。  研究了全部种类的命名模式。     

湖北泽泻属植物的细胞分类学研究

本文对湖北省三种泽泻属 Alisma L. 植物进行了核型分析和形态研究。  结果表明：     泽泻 A．plantago-aquatica L. 和东方泽泻1) A. orientale (Sam．) Juzep．  2n=2x=14，窄叶     泽泻 A．canaliculatum A．Br. Bouche 2n=6x=42。  其中东方泽泻的核型是未报道过的新     类型，这与前人所提出的该属植物核型为同型的结论不同，且泽泻和东方泽泻在形态方面亦有     很大差异，因而支持将泽泻和东方泽泻分立两种的观点。又结合前人的工作，讨论了该属植物 核型变异的三种式样。     

中国植物区系中的特有现象——特有属的研究

本文对我国种子植物特有属作了初步研究，提出如下几点粗浅的看法：     1．根据我国各特有属的现代地理分布格局，大部分特有属具有明显的温带性特点。     2．我国特有属在水平分布上具有极不均匀的特点。各特有属的广布程度都很低，生态特     化现象十分明显。在垂直分布上，则主要分布于中海拔地区。特有属数目并不随海拔增高而     增多。     3．根据特有属分布的密集程度和分布区边界的密集交叠情况，划定了三个特有属分布中    心，即川东—鄂西中心, 滇东南—桂西中心和川西—滇西北中心。前二中心可能是残遗中心，后一中心则可能为分化中心。     

国产木蓝属的系统研究

本文叙述了木蓝属系统研究的简史，对该属形态特征的演化趋势及属下分类进行系统   研究，根据植物习性、叶的特征、果实形态及含种子数，将国产木蓝属80种，1变种归纳为3亚   属，并将木蓝亚属分为14亚组，其中包括9个新亚组，对其中一些种类作了归并及处理，并编    写了分种检索表。     

昆栏树属、水青树属和领春木属花粉形态的研究

昆栏树属(Trochodendron)、水青树属(Tetracentron)和领春木属(Euptelea)是一群 种数少而较原始的被子植物。它们主要分布于我国。 对于它们的系统位置存在着不同的看 法。因此本研究的目的，一方面为讨论系统位置时提供孢粉学的资料，另一方面也可为鉴定化 石花粉提供依据。 从花粉形态看，支持这三个属分别成立三个科。昆栏树属和水青树属花粉具三沟，而木兰科为单槽类型，因此不同意把它们放在木兰科(或目)。领春木属花粉具皱(rugate)，皱膜上具粗颗粒(短条)，如果皱进一步缩短和增加数目，类似于金缕梅科某些属，因此支持ronquist     (1968)把领春木科放在金缕梅目。Hutchinson(1969)把昆栏树属和领春木属放在同一科(昆栏树科)，从形态结构，导管存在与否，染色体数目，这两属差异较大，同时花粉的形态差别也较大，本文不支持这种观点。     

裂瓜属的研究

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis- tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper.  Having comme- nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au- thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri- be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.      The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view.  Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera.      The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).  The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.      According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe- cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi- zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.      The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment.  After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed.  The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods.  At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram.  The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.      Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

中国罗汉果植物染色体数目观察

A cytological study reveals the chromosome number of 2n=28 for Siraitia grosvenori (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex Lu et Z. Y. Zhang from Yongfu County,  Guangxi  (fig. 1), which is different from the previous report of 2n=24 (Zou Qi-li et al. 1980).  The vou- cher is deposited in the herbarium of Commission for Integrated Survey of Natural Resources,Academia Sinica.     

论交让木科的系统位置

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜，对国产交让术科10个种的气孔和花粉形态及金缕梅 科和黄杨科一些代表种的花粉形态进行了观察，并据大戟科已有资料，较系统地从形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、胚胎学以及化学成分等方面讨论交让木科的系统位置。     

兰科槽舌兰属的研究

   The present paper is an attempt to make a taxonomic study of the little known orchid genus Holcoglossum, as well as a comparison of the genus with its allies, such as Vanda, Papilionanthe, Ascolabium, Ascocentrum, Aěrides, Neofinetia and Saccola- bium.      Holcoglossum was established by Schlechter in 1919 (Orchideologiae Sino-Japoni- cae Prodromus) as a monotypic genus, based upon Saccolabium quasipinifolium Hayata. Five years later he published another true Holcoglossum as Aěrides flavescens, which was referred by Tang et Wang to Saccolabium in 1951.  Further investigation of this genus was by Garay in 1972 who added two species, H. kimballiana and V. rupestris (synonymy of Aěrides flavescens), but considered Neofinetia, a quite different taxon, to be congeneric.  It is shown that the demarcation of Holcoglossum remains cofused. During the course of our study, the species of Holcoglossum and its allied genera are carefully examined, we come to the conclusion that Ho lcoglossum is a distinct genus. It is characterized by the short stem; fleshy terete or subterete, sulcate above leaves, with their apex acute and non-lobed; thickening or keeled costa on the back of sepals, 3-lobed lip, with erect sidelobes, paralled to the column; slender and recurved spur; footless column usually with prominent wings; 2 notched pollinia attached to linear stipe which is tapered toward the base.  In addition to Ascolabium, it differs from Vanda, Papilionanthe, Ascocentrum, Aěrides, Neofinetia and Saccolabium by its terete or subterete leaves on their ventral side with a furrow, from Papilionanthe by lacking footless column, from Ascolabium by sepals and spur characters, from Ascocentrum by slender and recurred spur, from Aěrides by the absence of a column-foot and the appearance of spur, from Neofinetia by stipe tapered toward the base, from Saccolabi-um by both aspects of the vegetative organs and the flowers.     

新疆翠雀属(毛茛科)一新种——文采新翠雀花

报道了产于中国新疆天山的翠雀属(毛茛科)一新种——文采新翠雀花Delphinium neowentsaii C. Y. Yang。该种的叶为肾形,叶柄基部不扩展,花较小,组成稀疏总状花序,花梗被贴伏短柔毛,上萼片的距圆锥状钻形,长13-15 mm,基部宽约3 mm,外面疏被短柔毛,萼片蓝色,与西伯利亚的疏花翠雀花D. laxiflorum DC.很相似,但其花瓣和退化雄蕊均为淡黄色而易于区别。     

木兰科分类系统的初步研究

A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed.  This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology.  Different  authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I).  Since I have been engaged in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family.  According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.      The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic.  In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan.   Moreover,  one  genus (Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region.  The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.  The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.      The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family.  Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus.   These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae.  It is worthwhile discussing their morphological  characters  and distributional patterns as follows:      The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel.  This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae.  Eighteen out of a total  of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis  and M. mega- phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang.  There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).      The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole.  The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas  and northeast India.  The evergreen species are distributed from northeast  Yunnan  (China)  to  the Malay Archipelago.  In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi- tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.      The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an- thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few. Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to the second largest genus of the family.  About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca,  and  M. flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center of the family under discussion)  and extend eastwards to Taiwan  of  China, southern Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China. westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).      The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan and radiate from there.  The farther away from the centre, the less members we are able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology.  In this old geographical centre there are more primitive species, more  endemics  and  more monotypic genera. Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan, China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world.     

中国金缕梅科叶表皮毛的变异与演化

本文以金缕梅科13属25种植物为代表，在光镜和电镜下观察了其表皮毛的微形态和类型。参 照Theobald的方案，将该科的表皮毛分为四种类型。这些类型在不同亚科和属间的分布呈现出系统演化意义。作者从表皮毛类型的角度讨论了该科的系统演化问题。     

燕辽地区侏罗纪杉科一新属——燕辽杉

  A fossil plant, Yanliaoia sinensis gen. et sp. nov. of late Jurassic is described from western Liaoning.  It is an arborescent conifer, deciduous, with branchlets and leaves resemble closely those of Sequoia sempervirens.. The form and structure of female cones and cone scales are similar to those of extinct genus Elatides and living genera Cunninghamia, Taiwania and Athrotaxis,  The female cone, however, is smaller.  Cone scales are spirally arranged, woody, thin and ellipticzl, having a short spine at their apex.  Seeds, globuloidal, without wings, about ten on each scale, and longitudinally arranged in three to four ranks, which occupy nearly the whole area of the ventral surface of ovuliferous scales.      The author believes that Yanliaoa and Elatides are two closely allied genera, evolved roughly in parallel with each other in the late Mesozoic.  Yanliaoa may be one of the ancestors of the living genera of Taxodiaceae. remarkablly the lineal or sublineal ascendant of Sequoia sempervirens.   The  so-called  “Sequoid jeholensis”(Endos. 1951) may be a branchlet of Yanliaoa sinensis.     

鬼灯檠属的系统发育、分类和地理分布

本文对鬼灯檠属Rodgersia Gray的染色体数、花粉体积和纹饰、萼片数目、萼片脉序和脉型、萼片腹面毛被、花梗和花序轴毛被、叶的类型等关键性状进行了分析，确定了其进化顺序，依据性状的系统发生，绘制了鬼灯檠属的瓦格勒尔系统树；确认本属有5种和3变种，其中以R.podophylla为最原始，R.nepalensis为最进化，而R.aesculifolia，R.sambucifolia．和R.pinnata则居于两者之间。本属分两组Sect．Rodgersia，仅含R．podophylla Sect．Sambucifolia J．T．Pan，含R．aesculifolia，R.sambucifolia，R.pinnata，R.nepalensis。依据种的主要分布区，划本属植物为4个分布类型，即：日本—朝鲜间断分布，秦岭—大巴山分布，横断山分布和东喜马拉雅分布。笔者认为，本属的起源地在日本-朝鲜一带，横断山地区是其现代分布中心和分化中心；本属的散布路线是自日本—朝鲜，经秦岭—大巴山，通过横断山地区而进入东喜马拉雅，本属的起源时间，当在晚第三纪以前(晚白垩世至早第三纪)。此外，还报道了鬼灯檠属植物的花粉形态。     

我国悬钩子属植物的研究

 The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China.      In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axill- ary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect.  Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, dru- plets adhering to the receptacles and with high  chromosome numbers  (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological  features,  chromosome nu- mbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into  12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some im- portant revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect.  Cylactis Focke.  In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system.  The species of Rubus in  China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.).      In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia.  Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America.  It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time.  There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics,  especially in south- western parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.).  It is in- teresting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From north- western Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity.       In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China.  It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribu- tion and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.