排球技术分析的原理、原则与方法

运用运动解剖学、运动生物力学、运动心理学等多种学科的理论与方法，以排球技术分析的原理为逻辑起点，提出了进行排球技术分析的基本原则和进行排球技术分析的步骤与生物力学方法。     

生物力学在武术散打中的应用现状及研究对策

武术散打技、战术水平的提高与发展,与现代高新技术密不可分,与生物力学的研究手段和方法更是相互交融。揭示武术散打运动中的生物力学相关原理,建立合理技术动作模式,探究散打运动的内在规律和特点,分析影响和制约其运动技能的因素,是武术散打研究领域的重要任务之一。然而,通过生物力学在武术散打中的应用现状分析,其结果令人忧虑。对此,提出了武术散打的生物力学研究方向和对策。     

Kinematically mediated effects of sport shoe design: a review

One prominent pattern emerging from a review of the literature on sport shoes and biomechanics is the observation that many effects are the indirect result of shoe-induced adjustments in movement, i.e. a particular shoe characteristic elicits a kinematic adaptation which in turn has secondary consequences on kinetics and on injury and performance. For example, in addition to its variable effects on peak forces, cushioning system design has been shown to alter electromyographic patterns and to affect knee flexion during foot strike and affect indirectly the economy of running. Mediolateral stability as measured by rearfoot kinematics is strongly influenced by shoe design features such as heel lift, and sole hardness and geometry. The frictional properties of the shoe and surface interface have also been shown to affect kinematics in a way that in turn affects the recorded frictional forces themselves. Such kinematically mediated responses are the most provocative result of studies of the biomechanical effects of footwear. It is becoming apparent that the shoe can be a powerful tool for manipulating human movement. The abundance of shoe design possibilities coupled with the body's tendency to adjust in predictable ways to shoe mechanical characteristics have given us a new way to manipulate human kinematics and kinetics, as well as a convenient model for studying biomechanical adaptation.     

小负荷下视觉干预对动作结构影响的运动生物力学实验设计与讨论

人体通过感觉器官从周围世界获取信息,并以之指导自身行动。这一过程中,80%的信息获取来自于视觉。视觉与人体基本运动能力之间究竟存在着什么样的相互关系仍然不是很清楚。运用运动生物力学的方法在此领域的研究更是微乎其微。本文尝试设计运用运动生物力学的研究方法,通过控制视觉条件,对小负荷下人体的基本运动——垂直跳进行测试,探索与分析视觉干预对人体运动中动作结构所产生的影响,目的是通过对这些影响因素的分析,为进一步提示超速训练理论奠定基础,同时为相关运动训练及选材提供新的思路。     

Kinematically mediated effects of sport shoe design: A review∗

One prominent pattern emerging from a review of the literature on sport shoes and biomechanics is the observation that many effects are the indirect result of shoe‐induced adjustments in movement, i.e. a particular shoe characteristic elicits a kinematic adaptation which in turn has secondary consequences on kinetics and on injury and performance. For example, in addition to its variable effects on peak forces, cushioning system design has been shown to alter electromyographic patterns and to affect knee flexion during foot strike and affect indirectly the economy of running. Mediolateral stability as measured by rearfoot kinematics is strongly influenced by shoe design features such as heel lift, and sole hardness and geometry. The frictional properties of the shoe and surface interface have also been shown to affect kinematics in a way that in turn affects the recorded frictional forces themselves. Such kinematically mediated responses are the most provocative result of studies of the biomechanical effects of footwear. It is becoming apparent that the shoe can be a powerful tool for manipulating human movement. The abundance of shoe design possibilities coupled with the body's tendency to adjust in predictable ways to shoe mechanical characteristics have given us a new way to manipulate human kinematics and kinetics, as well as a convenient model for studying biomechanical adaptation.     

散打动作技术的运动生物力学分析

散打运动是对抗性很强的竞技体育项目,为了达到最佳克敌制胜效果,应用现代科学原理对散打动作技术分析、诊断,揭示其动作原理,提出合理化训练方法已是大势所趋。文章运用运动生物力学原理对散打动作技术从肌群工作特征和力学原理两方面进行分析研究,并提出实效、可行的训练理念和方法,旨在为教学训练提供一定的参考。     

网球正手击球过程中触球动作的生物力学分析

网球运动是一项技术含量非常高的体育项目,从生物力学的角度来讲,其完美的技术是力量和控制的有效结合,并能将受伤可能性减少至最低程度。网球技术复杂,在练习过程中不仅需要掌握某一个动作的完整技术,而且需要身体的各部位协调做功。正手击球是网球最为基本的一项技术,其结构一般分为准备姿势、引拍、向前挥拍、触球以及随挥五部分。本文主要根据生物力学中人体协调链的原理对其中触球环节的动作进行分析,希望能够弥补目前研究中的一些不足,促进练习者对网球动作更深层次的理解,进而提高其技术水平。     

膝关节复杠杆简化模型的研究与教学

根据虚位移原理 ,探讨了模型的建立过程。指出简化模型属于解释性模型 ,在实际中只能作为定性的说明 ,而不能用以定量分析。鉴于虚位移原理在变形体力学、如弹性力学中有广泛的应用 ,建议加强虚位移原理的教学 ,以丰富和完善运动生物力学的教学内容     

运动生物力学多参数同步测试系统的研究与开发

对众多的运动生物力学检测手段实现同步的统一处理,已经成为运动生物力学研究方法的一个重要方面,对提高运动生物力学科学研究能力和水平,促进运动生物力学学科发展具有举足轻重的意义.但由于测试仪器的生产厂商不同,造成信号规格和同步方式不统一,给这些仪器测得数据的同步造成困难.结合运动生物力学科研的实践,在应用现有运动生物力学测试仪器基础上开发出一套集视频、表面肌电、足底压力、三维测力台、激光测速于一体的同步测试系统.该系统首次将各仪器的相对延迟时间考虑到同步处理中,具有同步精度高,系统硬件传输距离远、稳定、可靠,系统软件界面友好、数据显示直现等特点,具有较好的应用与推广价值.此外,对其他测试仪器数据的同步处理也可提供一些思路.     

Use of deterministic models in sports and exercise biomechanics research

A deterministic model is a modeling paradigm that determines the relationships between a movement outcome measure and the biomechanical factors that produce such a measure. This review provides an overview of the use of deterministic models in biomechanics research, a historical summary of this research, and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using deterministic models. The deterministic model approach has been utilized in technique analysis over the last three decades, especially in swimming, athletics field events, and gymnastics. In addition to their applications in sports and exercise biomechanics, deterministic models have been applied successfully in research on selected motor skills. The advantage of the deterministic model approach is that it helps to avoid selecting performance or injury variables arbitrarily and to provide the necessary theoretical basis for examining the relative importance of various factors that influence the outcome of a movement task. Several disadvantages of deterministic models, such as the use of subjective measures for the performance outcome, were discussed. It is recommended that exercise and sports biomechanics scholars should consider using deterministic models to help identify meaningful dependent variables in their studies.     

Use of deterministic models in sports and exercise biomechanics research

A deterministic model is a modeling paradigm that determines the relationships between a movement outcome measure and the biomechanical factors that produce such a measure. This review provides an overview of the use of deterministic models in biomechanics research, a historical summary of this research, and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using deterministic models. The deterministic model approach has been utilized in technique analysis over the last three decades, especially in swimming, athletics field events, and gymnastics. In addition to their applications in sports and exercise biomechanics, deterministic models have been applied successfully in research on selected motor skills. The advantage of the deterministic model approach is that it helps to avoid selecting performance or injury variables arbitrarily and to provide the necessary theoretical basis for examining the relative importance of various factors that influence the outcome of a movement task. Several disadvantages of deterministic models, such as the use of subjective measures for the performance outcome, were discussed. It is recommended that exercise and sports biomechanics scholars should consider using deterministic models to help identify meaningful dependent variables in their studies.     

蹦床着网技术的生物力学研究进展

应用生物力学知识,对蹦床运动的下落着网技术进行了分析和总结,介绍了符合力学原理及规则要求的蹦床着网技术,对进一步提高成套动作的稳定性具有特别重要的意义。     

现代运动生物力学应用现状的几点思考

结合运动生物力学的应用现状,评述了该学科当前亟待解决与发展的6个方面,即标准化工作、快速反馈、综合研究、高新材料、创新理论和大众健康,它们分别是运动生物力学应用的规范、保证、趋势、热点、灵魂和拓展。     

Reviewing the Variability-Overuse Injury Hypothesis: Does Movement Variability Relate to Landing Injuries?

Purpose: Overuse injuries are common in sport, but complete understanding of injury risk factors remains incomplete. Although biomechanical studies frequently examine musculoskeletal injury mechanisms, human movement variability studies aim to better understand neuromotor functioning, with proposed connections between overuse injury mechanisms and changes in motor variability. Method: In a narrative review, we discuss the variability-overuse injury hypothesis, which suggests repeated load application leads to mechanical tissue breakdown and subsequent injury when exceeding the rate of physiological adaptation. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of this hypothesis, we incorporate concepts from motor control, neurophysiology, biomechanics, as well as research design and data analysis. We therefore summarize multiple perspectives while proposing theoretical relationships between movement variability and lower extremity overuse injuries. Results: Experimental data are presented and summarized from published experiments examining interactions between experimental task demands and movement variability in the context of drop landing movements, along with comparisons to previous movement variability studies. Conclusion: We provide a conceptual framework for sports medicine researchers interested in predicting and preventing sports injuries. Under performance conditions with greater task demands, we predict reduced trial-to-trial movement variability that could increase the likelihood of overuse injuries.     

针炙三阴交穴对小白鼠运动能力与某些免疫指标的影响

许多研究已经证实：中医药对提高运动能力、消除疲劳有一定效果。然而，有关针灸抗运动性疲劳的实验研究报道尚少。为此，我们通过采用小白鼠游泳训练模型，观察针灸三阴交穴在提高小白鼠运动能力、减少或延缓运动性疲劳的发生、纠正运动小白鼠神经——内分泌——免疫调节紊乱等方面的作用，以期为针灸在体育训练和运动保健中的实际应用提供实验依据。     

羽毛球运动员踝关节损伤的生物力学分析

在羽毛球项目中,踝关节的损伤不仅影响运动员的正常训练与运动成绩的提高,而且还会影响运动员的身体健康,通过对羽毛球运动员踝关节的力学分析,就近年来的国内外文献资料作一总结归纳,从生物力学的各个角度揭示了踝关节损伤的机理。     

The role of footwear in minimizing lower limb injury

The shoe can be thought of as a powerful tool for controlling human movement. A well‐designed shoe can assist in reducing the number of lower limb injuries arising from sport and training activities. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the main thrusts of research in this field by means of a digest of current thinking and practice.

The paper initially presents a survey of work in the biomechanical field with particular reference to the design of footwear. A review of the types of injury acquired by sportsmen in both training and playing is then followed by a discussion of aspects of footwear design and their role in both contributing to and preventing lower limb injury. Finally, the paper considers support and shock absorption techniques in the context of footwear design.

It is concluded that research has been wide‐ranging and thorough. However, the complexity of the biomechanical system being studied has prevented definitive recommendations for the prevention of injury being made in every case. Nonetheless, it is clear that a number of guiding principles have been established which should be the basis for future developments in footwear design to minimize the chance of lower limb injury.     

江苏运动员刘鼎赫单杠直体特卡切夫腾越的运动学分析

直体特卡切夫腾越是单杠最有代表性的技术动作,运用SONY PC330高速摄影机,拍摄了江苏省体操队刘鼎赫完成该动作的成功与失败动作,运用Ariel运动分析软件从运动生物力学角度,对其动作技术的各个环节进行研究讨论,找出各个动作技术环节的关键因素,以期为运动员的训练提供一些参考。