中国男排高水平后备队伍的培养现状与对策研究

近几年我国男子排球的竞技成绩不尽如意,我国排球后备人才储备匮乏,人才梯队出现断层,培养质量不高成为阻碍我国排球可持续发展的重要因素.将参加“2015年全国排球高水平后备人才基地训练营(男子组P的19支运动队的教练员和运动员作为调查对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法,对我国男排高水平后备队伍的培养现状进行分析研究.结果显示:我国男排高水平后备队伍的教练员以初中级职称的教练员为主,拥有丰富执教经验的教练员占比较少,教练员参加岗位培训的情况并不乐观;训练计划的制定有较好的灵活性、时效性和科学性;运动员参赛场数严重不足;经费投入一般,配套设施不完善等,并据此提出了一些建议.     

中国排球教练员岗位培训的现状调查研究

教练员是发展体育事业的关键,教练员的素质与执教水平直接影响竞技运动成绩。排球教练员岗位培训是目前提高排球教练员素质的有效途径。本文通过问卷调查和查阅大量文献资料,运用理论分析法对我国排球教练员及其岗位培训的现状进行分析并探讨发展对策。     

我国U型场地单板雪上技巧教练员队伍建设研究

教练员是运动队伍的组织者和领导者,是运动项目发展的人力基础,由于现代竞技运动水平的不断提高,对于教练员的知识结构、能力结构、心理品质等方面的要求也越来越高。研究表明,教练员的素质、教学及训练水平,是影响运动员竞技水平提高的一个重要因素,因此,建立一只高水平的U型场地单板雪上技巧教练员队伍已成为推动项目整体发展的关键。对我国U型场地单板雪上技巧教练员队伍的分布、年龄、学历结构及执教年限等方面进行了分析,力求找出项目发展初期在教练员队伍建设方面所存在的问题,并提出相应的建议,以期对该项目在我国的发展起到促进作用。     

冰雪运动教练员应具备的素质、能力及其培养

现代竞技体育的竞争是人才的竞争和训练科学化的竞争，更是教练员的竞争。认为冰雪运动教练员是优秀运动员的塑造者，是冬季竞技体育的研究者，是科学化训练的设计者、组织者、实施者和管理者；指出我国冬季竞技体育要有所作为，必须培养冰雪运动教练员具备优秀的职业素质、专业素质、知识素质和能力素质；提出冰雪运动教练员应具备的执教能力表现为专项训练能力、赛场指挥能力、教学管理能力、创新能力、科研能力、掌握信息能力和协作能力等；并从完善冰雪运动教练员的培养体系，构建科学化的冰雪运动教练员考核体系，鼓励冰雪运动教练员进行科学研究、创新性学习与交流等方面论述了冰雪运动教练员素质和能力的培养途径。     

业余体校冰雪项目教练员应具备的职业素质

业余训练是竞技体育的基础,少年儿童冰雪运动教练员是冰雪运动业余训练的核心,其职业素质不仅关系到自身的执教能力和水平,而且对少年儿童冰雪运动员的成长及训练有着重要而深远的影响。从适应当今社会的要求出发,阐述了少年儿童冰雪运动教练员应具备的思想政治素质、职业道德素质、专业素质、身体素质、心理素质和能力素质等职业素质,旨在为建立一支思想觉悟高、执教能力强的高水平少年儿童冰雪运动教练员队伍提供借鉴,从而促进我国冰雪体育事业的可持续发展。     

期盼CUVA大学生排球联赛

2004年,当北航男排打进2004-2005 全国排球联赛的时候,引起了不小的轰动。有人撰写文章高度评价北航男排的一小步“改变了中国竞技体育的走向。也许会以此为开端,中国竞技体育与世界体育全面接轨。” 2005年,当复旦男排、南开女排步入 2005-2006全国排球联赛阵营,与北航男排一起,3支全日制大学生排球队与29支专业(职业)排球队伍逐鹿全国联赛的时候,媒体却没有了前一年的热度。初次踏入全国排球联赛的复旦男排和南开女排双双在第一阶段D组比赛中无缘晋级。     

我国排球后备梯队教练员现状调查分析

采用问卷调查等研究方法,对我国部分排球高水后备人才培训基地的教练员现状进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,我国排球后备梯队教练员女性偏少;年龄结构、执教年限分布、学历结构基本合理,但学历含金量较低;职称呈现＂两头少中间多＂的分布。教练员队伍存在的主要问题按重要程度依次是缺乏先进的培养理念、科学的训练方法、系统的基础理论知识、责任心和敬业精神,执教经验和指挥比赛能力。针对存在的问题,提出了具体建议。     

训练思维迁移视角下教练员执教成绩“高原现象”成因及破解路径

在运动训练过程中,教练员的执教能力是决定运动员竞技水平发展的重要因素,教练员的执教能力越高,培养的运动员越优秀。教练员执教能力,是指教练员认识和把握项目运动规律,在项目选材、竞技训练、比赛及科学管理等方面所具备的各种理论和实践的本领,即执教能力是对教练员既得知识和本领的反映。但在运动训练中常常发生这类现象,许多优秀教练员难以使运动员较稳定地长期保持较高的竞技水平,不能使自己执教的运动项目始终获得较理想的成绩,尤其是集体项目新     

我国甲级队排球教练员执教效能的研究

运用问卷调查、访谈和数理统计等研究方法,对参加2004年全国排球大奖赛和全国排球锦标赛教练员的执教效能、教练员的个人风格、执教业绩与执教效能的关系等问题进行研究。结果表明,我国甲级队排球教练员执教效能由专项训练效能、创新效能、教育管理效能、指挥效能、学习科研效能、协作效能以及思想修养构成;不同性别、文化程度、运动等级教练员的执教效能没有显著差异;不同执教年限、职称、职务教练员的执教效能有显著差异;年龄对教练员的执教效能有非常显著影响;执教效能与执教业绩相关。     

重庆市竞技体育教练员队伍现状调查分析

竞技体育教练员是竞技体育发展的核心要素,其队伍综合素质的高低直接影响着该地区竞技体育水平的提升。通过问卷调查、访谈法,查阅相关资料,对重庆市竞技体育教练员队伍现状进行调查,以期为重庆市竞技体育教练员队伍的建设提供一些思路。     

Sex bias and the validity of believed differences between male and female interscholastic athletic coaches

Previous research indicates that young athletes as well as athletic administrators hold gender-role stereotypical beliefs about coaches that disfavor females. The validity of two such beliefs (lack of qualified female coaches and time constraints due to family responsibilities) was examined in a statewide survey of 256 female and 296 male interscholastic coaches and a nationwide survey of 2,719 male and 1,449 female interscholastic coaches. Statistical analyses (p less than .001) indicated that female coaches were (a) more qualified than their male counterparts with respect to coaching experience with female teams, professional training, and professional experience; (b) as qualified as male coaches with regard to intercollegiate playing experience; and (c) less qualified than male coaches with respect to high school playing experience and coaching experience with male teams. Findings also indicated that male rather than female coaches more often experienced time constraints due to family responsibilities.     

Self-efficacy,perceived training needs and coaching competences: The case of Portuguese handball

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse handball coaches’ perceptions of self-efficacy and recognition of training needs related to coaching competences according to their coaching experience, coach certification level and academic education. Two hundred and seven Portuguese handball coaches answered questionnaires that included a scale of self-efficacy and another of recognition of training needs. Data analysis started with an exploratory factorial analysis with Maximum Likelihood Factoring and Oblimin rotation. From the factors obtained, a One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons were applied. Coaches’ self-efficacy revealed coaching competences related to: annual and multi-annual planning; planning and guiding training and competition; coaching methodology; implementation of sport development projects and coach education and meta-cognitive competences. Coaches’ recognition of training needs revealed four main areas: planning and guiding training and competition; multi-annual planning; management of sports careers and coaching education and leadership. Although an independent relationship between coaches’ perceptions of self-efficacy and training needs was confirmed, they perceived themselves as having competences and highlighted training needs in all areas. Coaches’ perceptions of self-efficacy were influenced by their coach certification level, academic education and coaching experience. The study suggests that sport specificity within the social culture in addition to the precise sporting domain of action influence the perceptions of coaches about their self-efficacy and training needs as related to coaching competences and, therefore, should be considered in the coach education curriculum.     

排球教练员人格特征与执教效能关系的研究现状和分析

在近二十年文献资料的基础上,综合、分析了心理学、运动心理学、社会心理学、人格心理学等领域有关人格、领导行为的研究成果,详细查阅、借鉴和记录了有关运动员、教练员在人格特征、执教效能方面的科研成果,旨在帮助我国排球教练员了解自身,提高从业水平,为排球教练员队伍的建设提供理论和实践依据。     

中国、加拿大网球教练员培训认证体系的对比研究

采用文献资料法、访谈法对中国、加拿大网球教练员培训和资格认证系统进行探讨和对比.结论:独立于网协、由联邦、省政府和教练员协会组成的专门负责教练员培训的认证系统是加拿大宏观管理的最大特色.以教授对象个人需求和年龄为依据的培训等级划分、限制性的教练员技术水平准入门槛、激励性的再培训机制及突出执教和业务能力的培训内容等是加拿大网球教练员培训认证体系特色.另外,我国教练员培训和认证在管理技术、培训课程体系等方面急需改善.建议:网球主管部门应立足于项目长远发展,对教练员培训进行统一部署和规划并建立以现代技术为基础的现代管理系统.     

The Use of Statistical Significance: A Commentary Related to Franks and Huck

Abstract

This paper focuses on the processes by which people become high school coaches. Occupational choice, professional socialization, and organizational socialization are examined, using qualitative data drawn from naturally occurring observations of coaches and informal discussions and in-depth interviews with them. Over 50% of the coaches had decided that they wanted to become a coach before entrance into college. The decision to become a coach was subjectively warranted by personal characteristics and experiences in sports, a devotion to sport, and a desire to work with young people. Youth sport coaching and student teaching which involved coaching constituted the only formal professional socialization that most of the coaches received. However, because almost all of the coaches participated in organized youth and/or high school athletics, they had a first-hand opportunity to observe their own coaches and acquire some informal images and impressions about the coaching occupation from them. Regardless of whether a neophyte began as an assistant or a head coach, technical aspects of the job and the occupation's culture were acquired by observing and listening to more experienced coaches. Through these experiences, collective understandings began to form, and the shared meanings about the occupational culture took shape. Reality shock for most novice coaches came in the form of understanding the importance the coaching culture assigns to long hours and hard work and to the realization that coaching does take an enormous amount of time. By the end of the first season, a symbolic transformation takes place and internalization of institutional expectations occurs as the neophyte begins to understand what coaching is all about.     

Control,consent and complicity in the coaching of elite women’s cycling in Australia: a media analysis

The purpose of this study was to extend understanding of how athletes and coaches in a women’s cycling talent development and selection programme negotiate and normalise athlete abuse in the media. A thematic analysis of six online cycling magazine articles and their representations of the Australian women’s elite cycling development camp was analysed to explore athletic abuse and the (re)production of coaching practices using Bourdieusian theory. The findings revealed a link between the expression of coaching practice and the maltreatment of athletes. Analysis of these articles also revealed that athletes were complicit in the normalisation of coaching practices through the misrecognition of social power embedded in the coaching intervention. The representations by athletes within the articles contributed narratives related to the reproduction and proliferation of abusive coaching practices. This study extends understanding of how taken for granted and power laden aspects of coaching practices can be presented in the media and highlights the implications for coaches, athletes and the general public that consume online cycling media content.     

Becoming a high school coach: from playing sports to coaching

This paper focuses on the processes by which people become high school coaches. Occupational choice, professional socialization, and organizational socialization are examined, using qualitative data drawn from naturally occurring observations of coaches and informal discussions and in-depth interviews with them. Over 50% of the coaches had decided that they wanted to become a coach before entrance into college. The decision to become a coach was subjectively warranted by personal characteristics and experiences in sports, a devotion to sport, and a desire to work with young people. Youth sport coaching and student teaching which involved coaching constituted the only formal professional socialization that most of the coaches received. However, because almost all of the coaches participated in organized youth and/or high school athletics, they had a first-hand opportunity to observe their own coaches and acquire some informal images and impressions about the coaching occupation from them. Regardless of whether a neophyte began as an assistant or a head coach, technical aspects of the job and the occupation's culture were acquired by observing and listening to more experienced coaches. Through these experiences, collective understandings began to form, and the shared meanings about the occupational culture took shape. Reality shock for most novice coaches came in the form of understanding the importance the coaching culture assigns to long hours and hard work and to the realization that coaching does take an enormous amount of time. By the end of the first season, a symbolic transformation takes place and internalization of institutional expectations occurs as the neophyte begins to understand what coaching is all about.     

Parameterising expertise in coaching: past, present and future

Research into expertise is increasing across a number of domains pertinent to sport. Whilst this increase is particularly apparent in coaching, a key question is how to identify an expert coach? Accordingly, this paper draws upon existing studies into expert coaches to address this issue; in particular, the criteria used to select expert coaches for research purposes and the methods used in expert coach research. Based on these data, we contend that the elements of expertise are not fully reflected within currently accepted criteria which, in turn, results in expert coaching research not necessarily identifying the appropriate individuals to study. The paper concludes with recommendations for more rigorous criteria for selecting expert coaches and highlights the associated implications for the future training and development of expert coaches.     

Elite cricket coach education: a Bourdieusian analysis

The social structures within coach education have been largely unexplored, undiscussed, and treated as unproblematic in contributing to coach learning, both in research and practice. The study used semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 elite cricket coaches to gather their perceptions of an elite coach education programme. In particular, this research attempted a more nuanced critical inquiry into the impact of culture on coach learning, habitus on knowledge production and the extent to which capital structures practice within the field of cricket coach education. Data analysis followed abductive reasoning, combining inductive thematic analyses of the data, with a deductive abstraction of these themes within a Bourdieusian framework to provide a level of explanation to the data. The findings present coach education as a complex social field in which coaches were active social beings in the (re)production of coaching knowledge. The culture of cricket was found to perpetuate a powerful doxic system that highlighted the tensions and conflict between an accepted model of coach education with a singular and prescribed body of knowledge and a strong underlying sporting culture and individuals hierarchically placed within it. This data further highlighted how coach education contributes to the (re)production of power within the field of cricket coaching.     

抓住契机 提高我国沙滩排球教练员整体水平

2011年1月5日我国第一届沙滩排球高级教练员岗位培训班在上海体育学院正式开班。来自全国14个省、地、市、解放军的35位沙滩排球一线教练员和5位高校、体校的排球教师参加了此次岗培班。国家体育总局排球运动管理中心副主任刘文斌在开班仪式上讲话,本刊对其主要内容摘编如下。沙滩排球项目运动员和教练员的工作和训练条件都比较艰苦,尤其是北方的运动队伍更是常年在外。正是有了这样的付出,才使我国沙滩排球在北京奥运会和广州亚运会上取得优异