广西基层游泳教练员的现状调查与研究

对广西基层游泳教练员的现状调查,了解其基本情况、执教能力现状、自身修养与科研能力现状以及岗位培训与待遇现状,并提出改善教练员队伍情况的建议,为广西竞技游泳的可持续发展提供参考。     

“3＋2”省市十运会游泳成绩对比分析与项目发展趋势研究

通过对“3 2”省市十运会游泳成绩、优势项目以及队伍年龄构成进行对比分析,找出各省市竞技游泳发展特点,并预测其发展趋势,为“3 2”省市竞技游泳可持续发展提供理论上的参考。     

湖北省竞技体育现状特征与可持续发展

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和逻辑分析法,在全面、系统分析湖北省竞技体育发展进程、现状特征及各种影响因素的基础上,依据湖北省社会、经济变化与构建和谐社会宏观背景下竞技体育的新任务,提出了湖北省竞技体育可持续发展战略构想;筹谋竞技体育可持续发展的战略规划;建立完善的"以人为本"的竞技体育管理机制;协调好竞技体育与其他利益主体之间的关系;加强和完善后备人才梯队建设等。     

我国竞技游泳项目的现状和可持续发展的战略分析

采用文献综述法和逻辑推理法对中国竞技游泳项目的现状和所存在的问题进行了分析。根据可持续发展的战略思想,对影响我国竞技游泳成绩的因素进行系统性的归纳,提出完善决策思路、发展人才储备、注重科学研究等方面的建设性意见,以此来实现我国竞技游泳项目的快速发展。     

青少年游泳训练营可行性研究

竞技体育强国都对自己优势项目的发展十分重视.国内市场经济在不断地发展中,对体育竞技也愈来愈重视,因此结合目前国内的市场经济体制,探寻出符合国情的青少年游泳训练营,为业余游泳的青少年,提供很多高质量的强化训练.建立青少年游泳训练营,可以扩大国内游泳竞技人才培养的渠道,提高人才的质量和数量,保持游泳项目在国内可持续发展.     

东莞市、荔湾区竞技游泳后备人才培养现状及制约因素分析

对广东省"游泳之乡"竞技游泳后备人才培养的现状进行概述,然后从政府支持、学训关系处理、管理制度以及选材和竞赛4个层面对其制约因素进行剖析,认为政府支持和领导重视是广东省"游泳之乡"竞技游泳后备人才培养的重要保障,完善"有偿训练"的制度、"体教结合"制度创新、优化教练员学历和职称结构、净化比赛环境、加大科学选材经费投入是广东省"游泳之乡"竞技游泳后备人才培养可持续发展的必由之路.     

精兵梯队建设与湖北省竞技体育可持续发展的研究

＂精兵梯队＂这一战略构想由湖北省体育局局长胡德春于2010年首次提出,此概念一经提出迅速成为湖北省竞技体育发展的战略指南,在湖北竞技体育领域自上而下得到层层推进。为了深刻领悟＂精兵梯队＂的深层内涵,厘清精兵梯队建设与湖北竞技体育可持续发展间的战略关系,借助专家访谈和多层面深度调研,剖析＂精兵梯队＂和竞技体育可持续发展的内涵,分析精兵梯队建设对湖北省竞技体育可持续发展的战略意义,指出湖北省竞技体育精兵梯队建设要处理好的四大关系,并提出对策建议。     

2013年全运会浙江省游泳竞技水平整体实力的研究

以第十一届全运会和近两年全国游泳比赛浙江游泳选手的主要战绩为研究对象。根据游泳比赛成绩进行趋势预测、专家预测、优秀选手基本条件对比、成绩对比等方面做了评估与分析。通过对运动员的调查得知,不同的运动成绩决定着不同的竞技动机和目标定向。最后运用预测信息对2013年全运会浙江游泳竞技水平做出综合评价。     

湖北省竞技体育现状巴雷托分析法研究——以第八～十一届全运会为例

运用文献资料、数理统计等方法,对湖北省在近四届全运会成绩的分析,湖北省优势项目为网球、体操、羽毛球、游泳、赛艇、皮划艇和跳水,优势项目主要集中于技能主导类表现难美性项群和技战能主导类隔网对抗性项群。夺金项目布局面狭小,没有形成团队优势。必须调整和完善竞技项目设置,合理进行项目布局,从而提升竞技运动综合实力。     

2008年北京奥运会我国竞技游泳后备人才的培养对策

从社会学、运动训练学、体育管理学、人才学等视角,针对我国竞技游泳下滑现状和影响发展的因素,以及2008年北京奥运会我国竞技游泳后备力量的培养形式等问题,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、走访调查法、专家咨询法,比较分析法、数理统计法以及趋势研究法等综合研究方法对我国部分地区(北京、上海、广州、辽宁等)、不同水平的游泳运动员以及他们的教练员、领队进行调查研究,全面分析我国竞技游泳的滑坡原因及存在的问题,旨在延长高水平游泳运动员的运动寿命,提出培养北京奥运会我国竞技游泳后备力量的可行性措施。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。