社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为研究综述

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为的关系在国外的研究中还存有不一致的结论,但是多数研究者肯定社会性体格焦虑对锻炼动机和行为的影响。由于国内目前仅有极个别研究者涉及此领域,本综述在介绍国内外社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为关系研究进展的同时,也希望能将此方面研究纳入我国锻炼心理学研究领域。     

社会性体格焦虑在锻炼领域的研究进展

社会性体格焦虑是针对体格而形成的一种社会焦虑的特定亚型,是身体锻炼的一个重要前因和后果。社会性体格焦虑作为前因影响锻炼动机、情境选择、情绪反应和行为;同时,身体锻炼作为一种干预方式可以有效降低社会性体格焦虑的水平。     

体育锻炼提高身体自我概念的心理机制

为了探讨体育锻炼提高身体自我概念的内在机制,采用体育活动等级量表、身体自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会体格焦虑问卷和自编的 理想-现实身体自我差异问卷,对752 名天津市在读大学生进行调查。结果发现,锻炼量与身体自尊之间呈显著正相关,表明经常参加体育锻炼确实 可以提高身体自我概念。中介效应检验结果表明,自我效能感、社会体格焦虑和理想-现实身体自我差异3 个变量分别在锻炼量与身体自尊关系之 间起部分中介作用。研究还将自我效能感、社会体格焦虑、理想-现实身体自我差异3 个中介变量整合在一起,构建体育锻炼提高身体自我概念的中 介效应整合模型。结构方程模型分析结果表明,身体锻炼提高身体自我概念的中介效应整合模型整体拟合较好,总的中介效应占39.32%,即体育锻 炼影响身体自我概念的总方差中有近40%可以由自我效能感、社会体格焦虑、理想-现实身体自我差异解释。上述结果提示,身体锻炼可以通过提高 自我效能感,降低社会体格焦虑,缩小理想-现实身体自我差异,进而促进身体自我概念的提高,这在一定程度上揭示了身体锻炼提高身体自我概念 的心理机制所在。     

不同体能锻炼方式对社会性体格焦虑影响的实验研究

通过对118名高社会性体格焦虑大学生12周的锻炼干预,结果表明:力量、有氧耐力以及力量与有氧耐力混合3种体能锻炼方式均能有效降低大学生社会性体格焦虑;对于社会性体格焦虑的降低,男生最适合进行力量锻炼,而女生最适合进行力量与有氧耐力混合的锻炼方式,单纯的有氧耐力锻炼也适合于男女大学生,但不是最佳锻炼方式.     

运动形式和情境对社会性体格焦虑的影响(综述)

不同的运动形式和锻炼情境对社会性体格焦虑有不同影响。关于运动形式的影响研究多集中在有氧和力量练习上；锻炼情境方面，单独与集体锻炼情境、强调体格或体型的情境、性别差异影响的情境都对社会性体格焦虑产生不同的作用。     

大众锻炼领域心理学研究的演进(一)

对国际锻炼心理学研究现状进行了详细的回顾。重点分析了身体锻炼与焦虑、抑郁研究领域的研究与存在的问题。研究发现,身体锻炼与缓解焦虑显著相关,状态焦虑与特质焦虑的缓解效应,效果量从小到中不等。分析了期待假说、暂停或分心假说、心血管健康假说及体温假说等身体锻炼缓解焦虑的机制。研究还表明,身体锻炼与抑郁的显著降低有关,分析了5-羟色胺假说、去甲肾上腺假说等身体锻炼抗抑郁效果的理论。     

运动增进心理健康的机制及运动处方

身体锻炼与心理健康之间有着密切的关系,科学的身体运动可以改善心境、降低焦虑和抑郁水平。笔者综述了身体锻炼与心理健康之间关系的研究成果,探讨其心理学和生理学机制,并提出增进心理健康的运动处方。     

不同运动项目对女大学生社会性体格焦虑影响的实验研究

本研究通过10周教学实验,考察了健美操、街舞、篮球和乒乓球四个项目对110名女大学生社会性体格焦虑的影响。结果表明:女大学生在进行项目选择时,具有不同的社会性体格焦虑;选择健美操和乒乓球项目女生的社会性体格焦虑显著高于选择街舞项目女生;10周的健美操、街舞、篮球和乒乓球体育教学课,均不能有效降低社会性体格焦虑,街舞项目体育教学课后,女大学生的社会性体格焦虑有显著增加。     

身体锻炼的动机——自我决定理论研究进展

通过对自我决定理论在西方锻炼心理学中的研究现状的综述,以期展示西方锻炼心理学的最新研究成果。自我决定理论的分支理论因果定向理论和有机整合理论很好地构建了身体锻炼动机的概念以及外部动机进行内化的行为调节过程。基本心理需要理论很好地解释了身体锻炼的心理效应。自我决定理论在西方锻炼心理学中的应用研究主要包括如何通过社会支持来激发锻炼者的自主性动机,以及对锻炼者进行动机激发和锻炼行为干预的策略。     

少年儿童锻炼心理学研究述评

综述了少年儿童身体锻炼的心理前因、心理效益及与心理效益有关的身体锻炼方式,分析与讨论了该领域研究的现状与存在的问题,对我国少年儿童锻炼心理学的研究提出了建议。     

强调心理因素的大学生体质健康的模糊综合评价

采用<症状自评量表(SCL-90)>和<康奈尔医学指数(QvⅡ)>中M-R部分对学生进行心理健康测试,利用主成份分析法提取心理因子和三级模糊评判模型对大学生体质健康进行了评价.结果发现:体质健康的影响因素主要有以精神病、焦虑、抑郁为代表的"个性特征"因素和以强迫、人际敏感、偏执为代表的"人际关系"因子.通过模糊三级综合评判方法对大学生体质健康的动态分析表明,心理对体质健康的影响大于体质健康对心理的影响,由此可知有目的地引导大学生参加体育锻炼对促进大学生健康的整体提高具有指导意义.     

杭州高职院校大学生社会性体格焦虑的现状调查及分析

社会性体格焦虑是影响大学生参加体育锻炼的重要影响因素,通过对杭州9所高职院校的900多名学生进行抽样调查,从而得出高职院校大学生社会性体格焦虑的现状,并通过调查数据分析获得每个量表的内部结构,各个量表和维度的相关性,各个量表之间的结构,为高职院校大学生更好地参与体育锻炼提供参考依据。     

Feeling states during exercise: Influence of individual differences in perceived evaluative threat

Abstract

The present study is designed to examine the influence of individual differences in perceived evaluative threat and baseline responses on changes in feeling states experienced during acute exercise in college-age women with high social physique anxiety. Thirty women with high social physique anxiety completed acute bouts of stationary cycling at either a self-selected or imposed intensity in both naturalistic fitness centre and laboratory environments. Multivariate analysis of changes in feeling states during exercise yielded a significant baseline×perceived evaluative threat×intensity interaction during exercise in the naturalistic fitness centre environment. Decomposition of this interaction revealed that, within the naturalistic environment, women with the least favourable baseline feeling states who perceived the lowest amount of evaluative threat during exercise demonstrated the greatest improvements in affect during self-selected intensity exercise. These findings suggest that, among women with high social physique anxiety, changes in feeling states reported during exercise are influenced by an interaction between baseline affective responses, the intensity of exercise, and environmentally induced perceptions of evaluative threat.     

基于社会认知理论的大学生体质弱势群体体育锻炼心理探究

大学生体质弱势群体是指由于身体患有不适宜参加剧烈体育运动的急、慢性疾病、或运动器官功能不全、或体型过度肥胖（BMI≥26.5）或瘦弱（BMI〈20）、或体质虚弱的群体,也是当今大学普遍存在的一个群体。由于该群体在生理上具有体质虚弱、体型过度肥胖或瘦弱、身患残疾等特点,不仅造成了该群体体育运动能力的相对低下,也对他们的心理产生了自卑、交际范围狭窄、对同学的优点嫉妒等消极的影响,这导致该群体具有体育厌学心理、技能学习的畏难心理体能低下的自卑心理等心理现象。从需要的角度运用社会认知理论探究大学生体质弱势群体的体育锻炼心理,认为大学生体质弱势群体仍具有满足生理需要的、提高自我效能感、提高社会适应能力、满足情感需要等体育锻炼心理需求。     

Social Physique Anxiety and Intention to Be Physically Active: A Self-Determination Theory Approach

Purpose: Based on self-determination theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between social physique anxiety and intention to be physically active, while taking into account the mediating effects of the basic psychological needs and behavioral regulations in exercise. Method: Having obtained parents' prior consent, 390 students in secondary school (218 boys, 172 girls; M_age = 15.10 years, SD = 1.94 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire during physical education class that assessed the target variables. Preliminary analyses included means, standard deviations, and bivariate correlations among the target variables. Next, a path analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood estimation method with the bootstrapping procedure in the statistical package AMOS 19. Results: Analysis revealed that social physique anxiety negatively predicted intention to be physically active through mediation of the basic psychological needs and the 3 autonomous forms of motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identified regulation). Conclusion: The results suggest that social physique anxiety is an internal source of controlling influence that hinders basic psychological need satisfaction and autonomous motivation in exercise, and interventions aimed at reducing social physique anxiety could promote future exercise.     

Social physique anxiety experiences in physical activity: a comprehensive synthesis of research studies focused on measurement,theory, and predictors and outcomes

Physical activity (PA) settings such as sport, exercise, and physical education are inherently social and evaluative in nature, with much attention directed at how the body looks and performs. As such, these settings foster a host of positive and negative emotional experiences. Social physique anxiety (SPA) is a commonly studied emotion that emanates from, or motivates, PA behaviors. In this synthesis of the 126 identified research papers focused on SPA and related experiences in sport, exercise, and physical education, we summarize the theoretical roots and measurement of SPA, present research evidence on predictors and outcomes of SPA experiences, explore links between SPA and PA behaviors, and offer insight on the future directions of SPA research. Specifically, researchers in sport and exercise psychology are encouraged to broaden the study of SPA to conduct longitudinal and experimental studies, develop quality intervention strategies aimed at reducing SPA experiences, and expand on the theoretical and operational understandings of SPA experiences across the lifespan.     

Physical self and physical activity relationships in college women: does social physique anxiety moderate effects?

This research assessed whether social physique anxiety moderated the relationship between physical self-perceptions and the level of physical activity involvement in young women. Participants were 354 female students who completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), Physical Self-Perception Profile, Self-Administered 7-Day Physical Activity Recall (PAR), and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ). Both physical activity measures were significantly related to the SPAS and all physical self-perceptions. Multiple regressions showed that only self-perceptions of conditioning significantly predicted PAR (R2 = .24) and LTEQ (R2 = .30). SPA did not add any unique variance in predicting activity, and no moderator effects were found for either PAR or LTEQ. Findings suggest that perception of physical conditioning is the dominant predictor of physical activity levels in young women, and social physique anxiety does not moderate this relationship.