不同恢复手段对皮艇运动员身体机能的影响

目的:探讨穴位离子导入对耐力训练中运动性疲劳的作用及其可能机制.方法:采用运动成绩测试、心肺功能测试及内分泌激素放射免疫法等检测对男子皮艇运动员耐力训练前后的机能进行观察.结果:①穴位离子导入能提高专项成绩,改善心肺功能,提高有氧耐力;②穴位离子导入可改善下丘脑一垂体一性腺轴的激素分泌,使之向更有利于适应运动负荷的方向发展.结论:①穴位离子导入能改善心肺功能,增强机体对应激的适应能力,从而延缓疲劳产生和促进疲劳消除;②穴位离子导入作为一种新的消除运动性疲劳的方法,方便、简捷,易于接受,具有在运动队和体育锻炼中推广应用的良好前景.     

“上海强力花粉”的研究—运动员服用观察

运动性疲劳是阻碍运动成绩提高的重要因素之一。随着运动性疲劳的研究深入,对疲劳的生理学分类及其生化机理有了较多的认识,不少研究者还在试图寻找既能强身又能加速恢复,提高运动能力的抗疲劳物质。近年来,国内外均有关于花粉可帮助运动员消除训练后疲劳,增加体力和耐力,改善心肺功能以及长期服用能促进红细胞生长和血     

穴位敷贴对运动性疲劳主观感觉及运动成绩的影响

目的：观察穴位敷贴缓解运动性疲劳的效果及对运动成绩的影响。方法：将20名足球运动员随机分为穴位敷贴组和空白对照组,穴位敷贴组采用药物贴对受试者神阙穴、气海穴、足三里穴进行敷贴,对照组采用安慰贴对受试者上述穴位进行敷贴。对两组受试者进行主观感觉疲劳程度评分（RPE）、运动心情评价（POMS）、情绪状态总估价（TMD）;检测受试者血乳酸和血氨浓度;记录受试者8 00 m全力跑成绩。结果：穴位敷贴可减轻受试者主观疲劳感觉,与治疗前相比,显著降低RPE值（P〈0.01）;穴位敷贴可缓解运动员因疲劳而产生的消极情绪,降低TMD分值,与治疗前相比有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。穴位敷贴可升高运动后4 min机体血乳酸（P〈0.05）和血氨浓度（P〈0.05）,降低运动后20 min机体血乳酸（P〈0.05）及血氨浓度（P〈0.05）,显著提高受试者8 00 m跑成绩（P〈0.01）。结论：穴位敷贴可减轻运动员的主观疲劳感觉,缓解运动员因运动疲劳而产生的消极情绪,促进运动员机体内血乳酸和血氨的代谢,提高运动员耐缺氧能力,进而缓解运动性疲劳临床症状,促进运动性疲劳的恢复,提高运动成绩。     

穴位刺激消除男子中跑运动员一周大强度训练所致疲劳的效果研究

探询穴位刺激对消除中跑运动员一周大强度训练导致的疲劳的效果。将运动员随机分成穴位刺激组、穴旁刺激组和对照组，每日训练后穴位刺激组进行穴位刺激，穴旁刺激组进行穴旁肌肉刺激，对照组自然休息。每位运动员在训练前一天和训练结束后一天各抽取肘部静脉血2ml，测试其SOD活性及MDA含量。每次抽血结束后测试1500m成绩。训练前3组SOD活性、MDA含量以及1500m成绩均无显著性差异。一周后穴位刺激组SOD活性、1500m成绩均有显著性提高。MDA含量下降具有显著性。穴位刺激能提高SOD活性和1500m运动成绩，降低自由基中MDA的含量，并对消除运动性疲劳有一定的促进作用。     

排球运动员的代谢特征与运动性疲劳的消除

通过文献资料法、观察法等对排球运动员的代谢供能特征进行探讨，分析排球运动员的运动性疲劳，并找出消除运动性疲劳的措施.旨在为排球教练员指导运动员训练、掌握运动员疲劳及疲劳的恢复状况、提高运动成绩提供参考。     

健脾生血中药促进运动性疲劳消除对血浆心钠素的影响

从中医整体观念出发，探讨了类脾虚运动性疲劳状态下血浆心钠素的变化，研究了健脾生血中药在改善类脾虚、促进运动性疲劳消除的同时，对血浆心钠素的影响。选用1.5月龄健康雄性SD大鼠60只，体重约160g，随机分为4组：安静对照组（C）、类脾虚运动性疲劳组（E）、自然复健组（NR）、药物复健组（MR），每组15只。采血测血乳酸、血红蛋白、红细胞计数及进行血浆心钠素的放免测定。研究表明，类脾虚运动性疲劳状态下，血浆心钠素含量显著下降，表明对心脏内分泌功能产生了不良影响。健脾生血中药能促进类脾虚运动性疲劳的消除，能显著降低由于运动性疲劳引起的升高的血乳酸浓度，并显著增加由于疲劳造成的血红蛋白和红细胞数的减少。健脾生血中药在补脾生血、改善运动性疲劳的同时，能显著增加血浆心钠素的含量，从而有利于心肌营养与代谢，促进心脏内分泌功能的恢复。     

健脾生血中药促进运动性疲劳消除

从中医整体观念出发,探讨了类脾虚运动性疲劳状态下血浆心钠素的变化,研究了健脾生血中药在改善类脾虚、促进运动性疲劳消除的同时,对血浆心钠素的影响.选用1.5月龄健康雄性SD大鼠60只,体重约160g,随机分为4组安静对照组(C)、类脾虚运动性疲劳组(E)、自然复健组(NR)、药物复健组(MR),每组15只.采血测血乳酸、血红蛋白、红细胞计数及进行血浆心钠素的放免测定.研究表明,类脾虚运动性疲劳状态下,血浆心钠素含量显著下降,表明对心脏内分泌功能产生了不良影响.健脾生血中药能促进类脾虚运动性疲劳的消除,能显著降低由于运动性疲劳引起的升高的血乳酸浓度,并显著增加由于疲劳造成的血红蛋白和红细胞数的减少.健脾生血中药在补脾生血、改善运动性疲劳的同时,能显著增加血浆心钠素的含量,从而有利于心肌营养与代谢,促进心脏内分泌功能的恢复.     

中医中药消除运动性疲劳的研究

在运动性疲劳中，大多数运动员有肌肉疲劳、脾胃功能失调、阴虚、气血双虚等症状，用气血双补的中药八珍汤加味组成的抗疲劳合剂，有健脾补气、补血活血的功效，能改善人体代谢紊乱，迅速消除运动性疲劳，增强运动员的运动能力。     

田径运动员运动性晕厥的32例病例分析

为探讨田径运动员运动性晕厥的发病机理及防治方法，对田径运动员运动性晕厥的临床资料进行归纳分析，提出预防和监测的措施。结果显示：大脑一过性的脑缺血是发生晕厥的主要原因；超负荷运动及剧烈运动后突然中止运动者发生率较高；建议：坚持科学系统的训练原则，避免因过度疲劳引起的运动性晕厥的发生。     

排球运动员疲劳的诊断及其恢复方法

对排球运动员运动生理性、心理性疲劳的诊断和恢复方面的探讨,对提高运动训练水平和比赛成绩有实际意义。1排球运动员运动性疲劳的概念和产生机制1.1排球运动员运动性疲劳的概念。可将排球运动员的疲劳的概念理解为:在排球训练或比赛达到一定程度后,运动员本身各组织器官及全身     

不同频率电针足三里防治大鼠运动性疲劳的实验研究

目的：探讨不同频率电针疗法对运动性疲劳的防治作用。方法：将50只大鼠随机分成5组,分别为安静组（A组）、运动即刻组（B组）、运动后60min组（C组）、运动＋电针1组（D组）、运动＋电针2组（E组）,采用递增负荷跑台运动建立运动性疲劳大鼠模型,D组和E组分别采用2/15Hz、2/100Hz不同针刺频率进行干预,测定各组大鼠血清皮质酮、睾酮以及丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的变化。结果：与安静组比较,其余各组皮质酮（C）均明显升高,睾酮（T）显著降低,血清T/c比值具有显著性（P〈0.05）;与单纯运动C组比较,电针干预组血清MDA均降低,SOD均升高,差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）;电针干预组组间比较,运动＋电针1组（D组）较运动＋电针2组（E组）血清MDA降低,SOD升高,其中血清SOD具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：电针足三里能有效防治运动性疲劳。不同频率针刺对运动性疲劳的防治效应不同,2/15Hz频率针刺效果优于2/100Hz频率针刺。     

武术套路高水平运动员运动性疲劳的评价与恢复研究

采用文献资料、测试、数理统计等研究方法,对武术运动员的运动性疲劳进行实验研究。结果表明,超套训练后心率、血压、血乳酸值,均有较大幅度提升,血红蛋白指标、CK值提升不明显、血尿素氮有所增加,超套训练后女运动员的运动性疲劳表现较为明显。教练员应根据运动员不同性别、个体的差异性以及依据生理生化指标的变化,有针对性地调整运动量与运动负荷,可采用合理营养膳食、保证睡眠、药物方法等方法,加快运动员的疲劳恢复。     

Dietary antioxidants and exercise

Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed.     

Dietary antioxidants and exercise

Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed.     

Dietary salt alters pulmonary function during exercise in exercise-induced asthmatics.

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that dietary salt may play a role in airway responsiveness. We have previously shown that a low salt diet improves and a high salt diet exacerbates post-exercise pulmonary function in individuals with exercise-induced asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of both elevated and restricted salt diets on pulmonary function during exercise in individuals with exercise-induced asthma. Nine men and six women participated in this double-blind, crossover study. The participants entered the study on their normal salt diet and were placed on either a low or high salt diet for 2 weeks. Each diet was randomized, with a 1 week washout period between diets before crossing over to the alternative diet for 2 weeks. The participants underwent treadmill testing at 85% of their age-predicted heart rate on the normal salt diet and at the end of each treatment period. Pulmonary function was assessed during exercise by arterial saturation (ear oximetry) and indirect calorimetry. Twenty-four hour urine collections confirmed compliance with the diets. Arterial saturation was reduced on the high and improved on the low salt diet at higher exercise intensities. Tidal volume and frequency selection during exercise varied with the diets, with a higher tidal volume and lower frequency on the high salt diet, but a lower tidal volume and higher frequency on the low salt diet. This suggested greater airway resistance during the high salt diet. In conclusion, the low salt diet improved and the high salt diet exacerbated pulmonary function during exercise in individuals with exercise-induced asthma. The mechanism of action remains unclear.     

复方红景天口服液提高运动能力及消除疲劳的实验研究

采用实验对比的方法,探讨复方红景天口服液对提高运动能力及消除疲劳的影响。结果表明。该口服液能明显提高实验对象大运动量训练期间及不同负荷量时的Hb,对运动期间的BUN有显著的降低作用：能提高实验对象的抗缺氧能力及力竭游泳时间;降低定量负荷时的BLA。提示,复方红景天口服液具有一定的提高运动能力及消除疲劳之功效。     

Lymphangiogenesis contributes to exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth

BackgroundPromoting cardiac lymphangiogenesis exerts beneficial effects for the heart. Exercise can induce physiological cardiac growth with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased proliferation markers in cardiomyocytes. However, it remains unclear whether and how lymphangiogenesis contributes to exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth.MethodsAdult C57BL6/J mice were subjected to 3 weeks of swimming exercise to induce physiological cardiac growth. Oral treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibitor SAR131675 was used to investigate whether cardiac lymphangiogenesis was required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth by VEGFR3 activation. Furthermore, human dermal lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-conditioned medium was collected to culture isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to determine whether and how LECs could influence cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy.ResultsSwimming exercise induced physiological cardiac growth accompanied by a remarkable increase of cardiac lymphangiogenesis as evidenced by increased density of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1–positive lymphatic vessels in the heart and upregulated LYVE-1 and Podoplanin expressions levels. VEGFR3 was upregulated in the exercised heart, while VEGFR3 inhibitor SAR131675 attenuated exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth as evidenced by blunted myocardial hypertrophy and reduced proliferation marker Ki67 in cardiomyocytes, which was correlated with reduced lymphatic vessel density and downregulated LYVE-1 and Podoplanin in the heart upon exercise. Furthermore, LEC-conditioned medium promoted both hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and contained higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and the extracellular protein Reelin, while LEC-conditioned medium from LECs treated with SAR131675 blocked these effects. Functional rescue assays further demonstrated that protein kinase B (AKT) activation, as well as reduced CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and increased CBP/p300-interacting transactivators with E (glutamic acid)/D (aspartic acid)–rich-carboxylterminal domain 4 (CITED4), contributed to the promotive effect of LEC-conditioned medium on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and proliferation.ConclusionOur findings reveal that cardiac lymphangiogenesis is required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth by VEGFR3 activation, and they indicate that LEC-conditioned medium promotes both physiological hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiomyocytes through AKT activation and the C/EBPβ-CITED4 axis. These results highlight the essential roles of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth.     

针刺内关穴对中长跑运动员心血管系统机能的影响

通过观察针刺内关穴对中长跑运动员心肌泵血功能和血液供应的变化及心脏功能的恢复作用,探讨其对提高中长跑运动员心功能的可行性及其作用机理。对20名中长跑运动员超声心动图的测试结果表明,针刺内关穴可以激发心脏心力储备的潜力,提高运动中心脏的舒张机能和泵血机能,有助于疲劳的恢复,提高运动能力。