智慧马拉松赛事的价值、困境与破解

用文献资料法等研究方法,分析智慧马拉松赛事的价值、发展困境与破解对策,并结合中国智慧马拉松赛事的特点,对其发展提出建议:完善智慧马拉松赛事科技信息体系,在赛事数据的开放、共享和"体育+"战略的引领下形成智慧马拉松全产业链运营模式;构建智慧马拉松赛事人才培养机制,加强从业人员智能应用素养培训;打造智慧马拉松精品赛事,开展更多具有差异化的智慧马拉松赛事;加快制定智慧马拉松赛事规范和信息标准,建立智慧马拉松赛事产业运营体系。     

新冠疫情期间江苏省马拉松赛事开展及影响研究

运用文献资料、访谈、逻辑分析等研究方法，基于对江苏省马拉松赛事相关政府部门和企业的调查，研究新冠疫情期间江苏省马拉松赛事开展情况及其对不同利益相关者的影响。研究发现：江苏省马拉松赛事受疫情影响而暂停举办或取消赛事，马拉松运营企业营收大幅减少，线上马拉松赛事崭露头角。疫情对马拉松赛事不同利益相关者的影响具有差异性。研究结论：赛事核心利益相关者应统筹组织协调安排赛事开展、调整赛事赞助方案，企业营收减少；赛事蛰伏利益相关者需要转化赛事品牌传播途径，调整休闲娱乐方式；边缘利益相关者的经济来源受阻，自我价值无法实现。     

马拉松赛事高质量发展探析

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和调查法。归纳阐述马拉松赛事的价值意涵,将其分为了文化价值、社会价值与经济价值,其中文化价值又包含精神文化、举办地文化与赛事文化层面。并将我国马拉松赛事的发展历程分为萌芽、初步发展、商业化发展、蓬勃发展、缓慢发展、高质量发展阶段。通过对赛事价值与发展历程的梳理,认为当前在“质”与“量”中所出现的问题阻碍了我国马拉松赛事的高质量发展,其中包括赛事数量分布不均、管理中的权责关系不明晰,市场活力不足、资金来源单一,赛事与举办地文化融合程度不高和未形成文化内核以及人才资源不足等原因,并根据困境从区域协调、政府定位、赛事IP、文化内核、人才等方面提出纾解对策。     

“放管服”改革背景下我国马拉松赛事的治理路径

阐述了我国马拉松赛事的发展历程,将其划分为起步发展、缓慢发展、平稳发展和高速发展4个阶段,分析了当前我国马拉松赛事治理的现实困境,包括马拉松赛事监管体系亟待完善;马拉松赛事组织管理不规范和马拉松赛事群众安全服务保障意识薄弱。并提出了我国马拉松赛事治理的破解路径：完善顶层设计,创新赛事监管体系;协调多元治理主体,规范赛事组织管理;加大赛事监管力度,落实群众安全服务保障,以期为我国全民健身、健康中国和体育强国建设提供一定的实践意义。     

用运动抗疫

难捱的空窗期。突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情,让如火如荼的中国马拉松在开年不久便按下“暂停键”。据不完全统计,2020年2至4月份全国取消或延期的赛事已近百场。如今,虽然国内疫情防控形势见好,很多行业复工复产,但动辄上万人参赛的大型马拉松还不具备开赛条件。许多赛事运营公司打算将春季赛事推迟到秋季举办,但就疫情在全球扩散的状况而言,秋季疫情能否结束还未可知,恢复马拉松赛事并不乐观。     

关于我国越野跑赛事运营管理的若干问题探讨——基于第四届黄河石林百公里越野赛

近年来伴随着马拉松热,越野跑赛事在我国迅速发展。赛道路况复杂、户外天气多变等因素,导致越野跑赛事危险性较高。加之我国越野跑赛事起步晚,发展尚不充分,致使部分越野跑赛事的安全性得不到保障。第四届黄河石林山地马拉松百公里越野赛事故,更是敲响了警钟。安全性是越野跑赛事乃至整个体育赛事的根本,提高越野跑赛事的安全性迫在眉睫。通过文献资料研究、案例研究等方法,以提高越野跑赛事的安全性为逻辑主线,以第四届黄河石林百公里越野赛为例,对越野跑运动赛事组织标准、越野跑运动员的自身安全意识与赛事风险认知、越野跑赛事标准的执行、越野跑运动赛事准入制度、越野跑赛事监督等方面进行分析。基于此,对提高越野跑赛事的安全性提出建议。     

我国马拉松赛事“同质化”问题及其消解

“马拉松跑”是我国体育产业大发展的代表性运动,政府部门和中国田协连续出台多项措施推动马拉松赛事的科学化发展。“马拉松跑”已经成为推动全民健身、弘扬体育文化、建设健康中国的重要平台,成为发展体育产业、推动体育领域供给侧改革的重要引擎,有效带动健身、休闲、娱乐、旅游和设施装备等相关产业发展,使我国马拉松赛事的关注度和产业效应不断增加。采用文献法、调查法、逻辑法等,对我国当前马拉松赛事开展情况进行分析发现,当前我国马拉松赛事增长速度虽快,但由于缺乏科学化发展规划和相关专业人才,导致大量赛事之间盲目模仿,在赛事组织、赛事内容、赛事营销、品牌建设等方面存在较为严重的“同质化”问题,特色和内涵缺失。建议通过建立多方合作的组织机制、建立多样化的竞赛体系、提升马拉松赛事品牌质量、培育全面监管下的产业市场、加强行业人才队伍培养的方式消解“同质化”问题给我国马拉松赛事发展带来的负面影响,促进其实现科学化发展的目标。     

马拉松赛事风险政府协调治理的理论内涵、现实困境与实现路径

研究以政府协调治理为理论基础,以“主体-场景-行动”为治理逻辑的分析框架,指出马拉松赛事风险治理的困境,提出马拉松赛事风险政府协调治理的实现路径。研究认为,马拉松赛事风险治理存在治理主体对赛事风险治理认识不够、赛事风险场景的精细划分比较笼统、赛事风险应急合作治理行动的基础支撑条件不完善等困境。应从更新治理理念、转变治理主体的角色认识,优化场景划分、夯实场景的精细化和数字化;强化行动效益,夯实赛事风险治理的行动基础3个方面推进治理。     

我国马拉松赛事发展动力机制模型构建与实证研究

运用文献资料法、德尔菲法和数理统计法等,以2013—2018年我国举办的马拉松赛事为研究对象,基于对我国马拉松赛事发展影响因素的系统分析,以理论力学理论为指导,构建我国马拉松赛事发展动力评价指标体系和动力机制理论模型,并对动力机制理论模型进行实证研究。结果表明:1)我国马拉松赛事发展动力评价指标体系,包含4个一级指标、8个二级指标、26个三级指标;2)我国马拉松赛事发展动力的测量指标、影响因素均与综合指数呈正相关关系(R>0.45);3)我国马拉松赛事发展不同年度的综合动力值之间不存在显著性差异(F=0.284,P>0.05);4)我国马拉松赛事发展不同影响因素和动力要素的动力值存在显著性差异(F=30.504,P<0.01)。我国马拉松赛事需要从协同发展、市场化运作、赛事创新、政策落实等视角进行不断的调整和完善,才能更好地促进我国马拉松赛事的健康与良性发展。     

马拉松赛事媒介传播效果影响因素多维分析

本研究基于媒介生态系统理论,运用文献资料法、层次分析法等研究方法,立足于马拉松赛事和传播媒介的基础之上进行深入研究探讨。本研究认为,马拉松赛事媒介传播效果影响因素主要为马拉松赛事管理体制、传播媒介的管理体制及运行机制;马拉松赛事竞技性与体验性相结合、传播媒介的社会公信度;马拉松赛事媒介传播的"市场定位"、马拉松赛事受众者的素养等。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。