新时期体育人的历史使命--加快老年体育社会化产业化

基于我国已进入老龄化国家行列以及老年体育的现状，为实现健康老龄化，指出加快老年体育社会化、产业化是新时期体育人的历史使命.     

健康老龄化与老年体育

健康老龄化是国际社会为迎接人口老龄化挑战而提出的发展战略,也是我国老龄工作的目标,老年体育作为实现健康老龄化的重要途径,本文探讨了老年体育在实现健康老龄化进程中的作用;指出了制约老年体育促进健康老龄化的主要因素,并提出相应的对策和建议,以使老年体育积极地推进健康老龄化。     

休闲体育特征及发展走向研究——以我国老龄化社会为背景

伴随着休闲时代的来临,休闲运动正逐渐成为现代社会居民余暇生活中的重要组成部分。与此同时,我国现已步入老龄化社会,成为世界上老年人口最多的国家。休闲体育的发展特征必将与老龄化阶段人口的一系列特征存在相关联系。本文通过文献查阅和专家访谈的研究方法对老龄化社会人口结构、居民消费及生活方式等特点进行描述,并对我国休闲体育的发展走向和特征做出预测性概括。     

老龄化社会背景下我国农村老年人体育发展对策研究

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、实地调查法，以老龄化社会加剧为背景，以农村老年人体育开展对解决老龄化社会问题为视角，对我国农村老龄化和老年人体育现状进行审视，提出发展农村老年人体育的对策：充分发挥政府的主导作用；把握老年人从众心理，科学制定体育政策法规，以开展群体性活动为主；树立正确理念，加强农村体育指导员的培养；全社会共同关注农村老年人体育的发展。     

基于积极老龄化视角下我国老年体育发展的对策研究

人口老龄化是伴随着社会经济发展的不断进步,而必然出现的社会人口结构问题,它逐渐成为我国政府亟待解决的问题,老龄化的加剧将为我国社会的发展带来沉重的压力。积极老龄化的根本任务就是提升老年人的生活水平和健康状况。为了在积极老龄化背景下更好的促进我国老年体育产业的发展,政府应建立至上而下的老年体育服务组织,学者应搜索保持老年健康和活力成功的干预材料,公众应了解长时间保持健康和活力的要点,全社会共同致力于探索具有中国特色的老年体育发展之路。     

迎接人口老龄化挑战实现健康老龄化对策

就我国人口老龄化出现的新情况和新问题,对我国老年健康状况进行探讨.并提出实现健康老龄化的措施方法、原则及注意事项.     

论太极拳运动与健康老龄化

笔者从健康老龄化与太极拳的延年益寿机制,老年人的心理失衡与太极拳的修心养性机制来阐述太极拳运动对增进健康老龄化的积极作用,同时也指出太极拳动作复杂、训练指导尚缺乏科学性等不足之处进行讨论,旨在实现健康老龄化过程中正确引导人们进行太极运动尽些菲薄之力。     

健康老龄化视野下我国老年体育发展对策研究

健康老龄化是人类面对老龄化挑战提出的一项战略目标和对策,也是人类应对老龄化挑战的必然选择.研究认为,老年体育是实现健康老龄化的重要途径,树立代际公正理念、完善有关体育法规制度、完善老年体育的管理体制机制、构建社区老年体育健身服务体系、加强老年体育指导员队伍和志愿者队伍建设、增强全民健康老龄化意识、丰富老年体育活动内容等是实现我国健康老龄化的老年体育发展对策.     

中国老龄化社会老年体育发展策略探究

采用文献资料法从人口学视角阐述我国人口结构的老龄化趋势和老龄化社会所带来的危机与挑战,分析发展老年体育对顺利适应老龄化社会的重要作用。在此基础上论证人口老龄化时期体育的特殊功能,并从四个方面构筑应对老年体育发展的策略体系:监督老年体育政策法规落实、建立老年体育发展长效机制、建设老年体育专业人才队伍、缩小老年体育城乡发展差距。旨在为我国的老年体育事业提供发展思路。     

城市化、老龄化与中国体育公共政策研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和政策分析与公共政策研究方法。主要结论：中国社会城市化、老龄化趋势将加速，体育的发展必须顺应这一趋势，而我国政府提供的体育产品尚不能满足城镇居民和老年人的体育需求，城镇居民和老年人对国家现行体育政策的态度和价值取向与政府实行的体育政策相比，存在较大差距，这种状态必须引起体育政策制定者的高度重视，政府制定的体育发展政策应该适应城市化，老龄化的趋势，政府提供的体育产品应该在这些方面努力满足大众的体育需求。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。