跳深时下肢肌肉的表面积分肌电值及其平均功率频率值的变化特征研究

同步使用Kistler三维测力平台、TM-6710CL高速摄像机和16道便携式无线遥测表面肌电测系统,对从不同下落高度跳深的12名田径跳跃运动员进行了测试,测试结果表明:受试者跳深着地阶段缓冲期的积分肌电值大于蹬伸期值;正常状态下跳深时,下肢所测大多数肌肉的表面积分肌电值均比相对疲劳状态下的值大;较低下落高度跳深时,所测肌肉表面肌电平均功率频率值大于较高下落高度时的值;正常状态跳深时,下肢所测肌肉表面肌电的平均功率频率值大于相对疲劳状态跳深时的值。     

原地摆臂纵跳和抱头纵跳动力学特征的比较

运用三维测力台(Kistler)和红外光点自动捕捉测试系统(Qualisys-MCU500)对北京体育大学男子排球队9名运动员分别进行了摆臂纵跳和抱头纵跳的测试,结果表明:摆臂纵跳蹬伸过程中最大力值大于抱头纵跳,但是由于蹬伸后半段时间的延长使后半段蹬伸力的梯度值没有明显增加;落地时地面最大冲击力与纵跳高度无关;摆臂纵跳的冲量值大于抱头纵跳,但研究结果发现纵跳高度与冲量并没有显著性相关关系.     

不同外源性生物力学手段对原地纵跳时足底的力学影响

通过采用足部不同外源性生物力学手段，即穿着两种不同防震功效的运动鞋与裸足状态下对原地纵跳时足底压强分布区域特征、MMP(mean maximum pressure)平均最大压强值特征、MVP(mean value pressure)平均压强值特征、纵跳落地缓冲压力值变化的时间差异性、X轴与Y轴向压力的合力特征的比较研究，探究运动鞋的不同防震系统设计在人体进行原地纵跳时，对足底的缓震功效的形成机制，从而指导设计运动鞋，并且在一定程度上加强人们对防震运动鞋的认识。     

北京奥运会女子三级跳远决赛运动员的竞技能力

对第29届北京奥运会女子三级跳远决赛运动员的基本情况、前后3跳成绩、成功率、速度变化特征等进行研究。结果表明：32～33岁是女子三级跳远运动员展示最佳竞技能力的成熟期，及格赛成绩平均比值约为97．03％。决赛成绩均达到个人最好成绩的，平均比值约99．8％。第2、3跳是决赛阶段出现最佳成绩的关键跳次，第2跳成功率最高，达100％；其次是第1跳的成功率也达到75％；第3、4跳次的成功率相等。前3名运动员中有两人的助跑速度达到8．16m／s以上，后3跳的成功率有所降低。     

不同水平跳远运动员踏跳过程的生物力学分析

采用三维测力台实验方法对急行跳远踏跳过程测试,对健将,一级和二级跳远运动员踏跳中三维方向的踏跳力学特征进行探讨。从结果上分析认为：踏跳过程中起跳腿垂直方向波·谷力值和蹬伸力值虽然对跳远成绩影响较大,但运动员从缓冲到蹬伸阶段达到垂直冲量值最大值的时间长短是衡量运动员技术水平和成绩的另一重要指标,踏跳动作的实质是创造垂直速度的过程．     

连续纵跳及其疲劳的生物力学研究

对２７名体育系男生３０次连续纵跳的纵跳摸高高度、动力学指标进行测定,对数据进行统计处理、对应比较。结果表明,纵跳摸高高度是评价运动性疲劳的有效指标,１０秒钟内纵跳的纵向最大力值和冲量值可作为评价疲劳的指标。本研究确定了一些生物力学的疲劳指标,为运动生物力学对运动性疲劳的研究积累了一定的数据材料。     

原地连续纵跳动力学信息变化的特征

运用录像拍摄和三维测力同步测试的方法研究原地连续纵跳动力学信息变化特征.结果显示,缓冲结束瞬时力值、蹬伸力峰值、蹬伸平均功率和冲量都随着原地连续纵跳运动时间的延长而逐渐减小(P<0.05);不同频率原地连续纵跳缓冲结束瞬时力值和蹬伸力峰值对起跳效果的影响程度是不同的,60次/min频率作用下缓冲结束瞬时力值和蹬伸力峰值明显大于40次/min和50次/min两种频率(P<0.05),而起跳效果却较40次/min和50次/min两种频率差(P<0.05);3种频率原地连续纵跳过程中运动前期的恢复系数都大于1.     

1次力竭性运动前后纵跳某些动力学特征的研究

对12名男性受试者1次力竭性功率自行车运动前后纵跳的某些动力学特征测定,发现力竭性运动后纵跳的垂直方向的分力、冲量值下降(P<0.05);而水平方向的分力、冲量值增加(P<0.05)。     

隋盛胜扣半高球起跳与杠铃蹲起和跳深动作下肢表面肌电特征对比分析

运用文献资料法和测试法等,对原中国男排主攻队员隋盛胜在完成扣半高球起跳技术和杠铃深蹲及跳深动作中下肢肌肉表面肌电特征进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:隋盛胜扣半高球起跳所测肌肉中,积分肌电值和贡献率最大的是股二头肌,其次是臀大肌和股直肌。在缓冲阶段,臀大肌贡献最大,在蹬伸阶段,股二头肌贡献最大;杠铃深蹲和跳深动作均与扣球起跳技术的积分肌电值和贡献率不完全一致,相比之下,杠铃深蹲更接近于起跳;杠铃深蹲动作对发展股直肌效果最好。跳深动作对发展臀大肌效果最好;杠铃慢速深蹲对发展股直肌、臀大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌和腓肠肌外侧头比杠铃常速深蹲更为有效。23cm跳深对发展股直肌、臀大肌、股二头肌、半腱肌和腓肠肌外侧头比48cm和58cm跳深更为有效。     

对踝关节主要屈伸肌群sEMG测量标准化验证研究

通过高速摄影、表面肌电图（sEMG）测量以及等速肌力测试等方法对12名体育专业男生进行研究，获取踝关节主要屈伸肌（胫骨前肌和腓肠肌）等速肌力与sEMG之间的关系，以此说明用sEMG来直接评价肌肉用力情况时需进行标准化的必要性及最佳标准化方式。结果表明：相同肌肉收缩过程中，肌力矩值与平均振幅（MA）的变化趋势呈现高度相关，相关系数r在0.6以上；不同收缩形式、不同收缩速度下，均方根振幅（RMS）、积分肌电（iEMG）值会随着收缩速度的增加而减小；跳深动作下肢肌肉sEMG标准化后的值与跳深腾起速度之间均有一定的相关性，标准化后以最大随意等长收缩（MVIC）的标准化值与跳深腾起速度的相关性最高。     

我国优秀女子皮划艇激流运动员卧拉特点的测试分析

通过研制的力量素质测试设备,根据皮划艇激流运动主要肌肉用力特点,对国家皮划艇激流队优秀女队员进行了不同重量下的卧拉最大功率的测试。通过测试结果分析,有针对性地指导运动员进行力量素质训练,提高了力量训练的科学性。     

撑杆跳高支撑力测试装置的设计及动态特征分析

撑杆跳高运动插斗处动态力的测试受到多种因素的影响，分析测力平台在测试中的受力状态，指出装置的设计中应重点考虑装置的实用性，分析其刚性、质量及阻尼的影响，在最大限度简化结构的基础上提高其测试精度。     

应用功能性体能训练方法提高优秀花样游泳运动员爆发力的实证研究

随着近年来花样游泳比赛动作难度的不断增加,对运动员爆发力的要求也不断提高。本研究在距离全国花样游泳冠军赛6周时,为我国9名优秀花样游泳运动员制定赛前功能性体能训练计划,帮助运动员提高比赛所需要的爆发力。通过训练前后的爆发力测试,发现运动员的CMJ纵跳高度、坐瑞士球托举动作的最大爆发力、快速托举模拟动作的最大爆发力、连续模拟划水动作平均功率测试数据均有非常显著性增长（P〈0．01）。     

自行车运动训练测试台的研制

微机控制的自行车运动员综合训练测试系统,可提供运动员在特制的训练台上骑行,台上装有模拟阻力和测速装置,还设置有脚蹬力和多种测角装置,可同步检测各种力值与角度并实时处理。骑行中由模拟显示盘显示诱导、骑行的轨迹信号和骑行参数。系统配有三套软件可进行诊断、检测和诱导。可屏幕分析或储存打印。     

不同水平短跑运动员途中跑支撑反作用力研究

运用运动学、动力学同步测试分析的方法,揭示了不同水平短跑运动员支撑过程中支撑反作用力和人体运动学参数的差异及其相互关系,以认识短跑途中跑技术和支撑反作用力的特征。     

A novel comparison between standard and new testing procedures to assess shock absorbency of third generation artificial turfs

This study aims to re-examine to what extent the testing procedure of the Artificial Athlete Berlin (DIN18032) is a valid evaluation method to assess the shock absorbency of third generation artificial turf (3-g turf) and to establish a new testing procedure, which precisely reflects the acute load by human sports action. The DIN test was conducted for 3-g turfs with different infill component. The baseline of the load of acute human sports action was obtained from the ground reaction force underneath the standard type of 3-g turf sample during landing from a 55-cm height with minimal shock attenuation. For reproducing the force similar to such a hard landing, a testing rig was developed and the same 3-g turf samples were tested. The DIN test failed to distinguish most types of 3-g turf and was found to be inappropriate to evaluate the shock absorbency of the 3-g turf mainly due to bouncing actions of the test foot on measured samples. In contrast, the newly developed testing rig succeeded in illustrating the differences of shock attenuation properties among most types of 3-g turfs in a high loading condition. In terms of players’ safety, the necessity of high loading test using an alternative testing procedure was highlighted.     

Active recovery of the finger flexors enhances intermittent handgrip performance in rock climbers

This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of hand shaking during recovery phases of intermittent testing on the time–force characteristics of performance and muscle oxygenation, and (2) assess inter-individual variability in the time to achieve the target force during intermittent testing in rock climbers. Twenty-two participants undertook three finger flexor endurance tests at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction until failure. Performances of a sustained contraction and two intermittent contractions, each with different recovery strategies, were analysed by time–force parameters and near-infrared spectroscopy. Recovery with shaking of the forearm beside the body led to a significantly greater intermittent test time (↑ 22%, P?P?P?相似文献   

The effect of normal load force and roughness on the dynamic traction developed at the shoe–surface interface in tennis

During tennis-specific movements, such as accelerating and side stepping, the dynamic traction provided by the shoe–surface combination plays an important role in the injury risk and performance of the player. Acrylic hard court tennis surfaces have been reported to have increased injury occurrence, partly caused by increased traction that developed at the shoe–surface interface. Often mechanical test methods used for the testing and categorisation of playing surfaces do not tend to simulate loads occurring during participation on the surface, and thus are unlikely to predict the human response to the surface. A traction testing device, discussed in this paper, has been used to mechanically measure the dynamic traction force between the shoe and the surface under a range of normal loading conditions that are relevant to real-life play. Acrylic hard court tennis surfaces generally have a rough surface topography, due to their sand and acrylic paint mixed top coating. Surface micro-roughness will influence the friction mechanisms present during viscoelastic contacts, as found in footwear–surface interactions. This paper aims to further understand the influence micro-roughness and normal force has on the dynamic traction that develops at the shoe–surface interface on acrylic hard court tennis surfaces. The micro-roughness and traction of a controlled set of acrylic hard court tennis surfaces have been measured. The relationships between micro-roughness, normal force, and traction force are discussed.     

Force transducer system for measurement of ice hockey skating force

The purpose of this study was to develop a portable force measurement system for ice hockey skating. The system consisted of three strain gauge pairs affixed to an ice hockey skate’s blade holder with wire leads connected to a microprocessor controlled data acquisition device carried in a backpack worn by the skater. The configuration of the strain gauges simultaneously determined the vertical and medial–lateral force components experienced by the blade holder with a resolution accuracy of 1.9 N and a coefficient of variation of 9.2%. On-ice testing of this system with subjects performing forward start, acceleration, and constant velocity skating permitted unencumbered, natural movement and demonstrated clear, unambiguous signal responses, high trial-to-trial repeatability, and easy data retrieval. The practicality and accuracy of this testing approach have many applications, such as a quantitative tool for skating force assessment to aid athletes and coaches, as well as providing the means to examine other skill-specific dynamics.     

赛艇运动员上肢专项力量练习器的研制及应用

制开发了一套赛艇运动员上肢专项力量练习器以及相应测试的装置，以检测运动j在力量练习的过程中的用力及用力速度特征，保证这些力量特征符合专项技术要求，改变以往单纯依赖于杠铃的练习手段，使上肢力量训练更加科学合理。