竞技武术套路运动现状及发展趋势研究

本文通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法对现代武术套路竞技运动进行阐述,分析了武术套路竞技运动的发展规律,提出了面向未来的发展战略,树立全新的武术套路竞技运动的新观念.     

21世纪武术发展战略述论

根据中华武术发展的历史并结合当前国内外形势，从竞技武术发展战略、传统武术发展战略、健身武术发展战略三个方面提出中华武术在21世纪进一步发展的基本构架。     

武术发展的涵义、 特征与战略原则

从系统理论入手,以武术发展为研究对象,研究武术发展的涵义和特征,从历史观、整体观、发展观探讨武术发展的战略原则.武术发展是正向的武术运动演变,是一个从古至今向未来延伸的武术运动成长过程.武术发展包括武术作为发展主体的自身发展,以及武术发展所形成的武术文化状态及其演进.武术发展具有社会必然性、历史进步性、需求目的性与内容多元性,武术发展是人的发展.武术发展战略原则需要遵循全局整体观原则、争取和保持主动权原则、目标与手段互动协调原则、间接战略原则.     

我国竞技武术套路运动技术发展趋势探讨

文章运用文献资料研究方法,对目前竞技武术套路运动技术的发展现状进行了分析研究,提出未来竞技武术套路运动技术发展的战略应注重传统武术套路,竞技武术套路运动技术应充分体现武术的本质.     

黑龙江省学校武术运动的现状及发展战略研究

为了进一步促进武术运动的良性发展,对学校武术运动的发展提出有益的建议,本文对黑龙江省学校武术运动的现状与发展过程中存在的问题进行了全面的调查和研究,指出开展学校武术运动的指导思想、管理体制、师资队伍建设、招生就业等方面存在的问题,提出了以省教育厅为主导,以体育院系为龙头,以各级学校为主体的武术运动发展模式和战略。     

休闲时代武术运动发展的人文思考

单纯的竞技化发展不是武术运动的唯一出路，当休闲成为一种社会生活的时候，武术运动的休闲化发展就成为必须。文章从休闲时代的社会特征出发并结合武术运动发展的现实，对武术运动的休闲化发展提出思考。     

21世纪武术发展战略述论

根据中华武术发展的历史并结合当前国内外形势,从竞技武术发展战略、传统武术发展战略、健身武术发展战略三个方面提出中华武术在21世纪进一步发展的基本构架。     

论武术套路的表现性技击

运用艺术理论与方法，认为武术套路运动是一种表现性的技击而非真实的技击，提出了写意武术概念，并把它划分为哲理化武术、戏剧化武术、记述性武术等，以及通过对写意武术的文化渊源的分析研究，指出发展武术不应被“体操化、艺术化”等观念所束缚，在不失项目特色的前提下不断创新出适应时代要求的，为群众喜闻乐见的武术形式。     

竞技武术散打运动发展现状与对策研究

对现阶段武术散打运动发展进程中存在的一些问题及面临的形势进行科学的剖析 ,提出新世纪里武术散打运动发展的新思路与对策 ,为有关部门制定武术散打运动的发展战略与政策法规提供依据     

试论中华武术与奥林匹克运动的差异

文章采用文献资料法、比较法和访问法，通过对武术运动与奥林匹克运动在深层的物质、思想基础、价值观念；中层的组织结构、运行机制和表层的活动内容与形式、评价标准的比较，寻找中国武术与奥林匹克运动之间的差异，井针对当今武术发展中存在的：传统元素的大量流失、武术运动评判体系存在缺陷、管理体制的欠缺等问题，提出建议，以促进武术运动健康和谐发展。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。