“武林高手”齐聚镇海！共话南道武功

<正>2023年11月26日下午,由镇海区文化和广电旅游体育局、宁波市武术协会、镇海区非遗中心、镇海区武术协会共同举办的南道武功武学推广交流会,在郑氏十七房举行。国内外武术专家、非遗专家和武术爱好者齐聚一堂,深挖南道武功武术文化内涵,进一步推动武术文化传承与发展。南兵道八刀、短棍、武十段锦、七星拳……交流大会上,表演者们一招一式如行云流水,展示出南道武功的高水准。多位武术专家学者、非遗专家和学校校长围绕“弘扬传统武术与非遗保护的意义”“青少年如何传承传统武术”“如何使非遗产品在保护的基础上,得到‘活态’传承”等话题展开交流、研讨。     

近十年传统武术“非遗”保护中的若干问题研究——以进入国家级“非遗”名录为例

文章主要运用文献资料研究法对近十年来进入国家级“非遗”名录的传统武术“非遗”保护中的若干问题进行研究,着重从“非遗”名录中的评审问题、技艺保护问题等方面进行研究,并在此基础上提出了传统武术非遗保护的建议,为传统武术“非遗”保护提供了新的思路.     

武术传承的文化空间

文中所指的武术是指“民间传统武术”,“文化空间”是非物质文化遗产中的重要概念。“武术传承的文化空间”主要包括两类,一是少林功夫等与传统文化结合的武术项目;二是民间传统武术的师徒传承制度与“身传心授”方式等体制。保护武术文化空间的关键是整体传承武术与保护武术传承人。     

广西体育非物质文化遗产活态传承与区域旅游融合研究

该文运用文献资料法、实地调查法等方法,分析广西体育非物质文化遗产活态传承与区域旅游的意义、瓶颈及其路径,认为广西体育非物质文化遗产活态传承与区域旅游有助于传承民族文化,促进区域旅游业发展;扩大区域乡村旅游对体育非物质文化遗产的保护和扩散效用。瓶颈体现在广西体育非遗市场化有待开发,应拓宽消费者的消费视野;提高相关部门对非遗文化完善保障力度,加大对非遗活态传承与旅游市场的融合力度。相应对策为：紧密结合当下广西节庆体育,推动区域体育非遗走向旅游产业化;创新体育非遗与旅游的营销方式,推广区域体育非遗文化旅游;加大对体育非遗传承人的扶持力度,提高体育非遗传承人的业务素养。     

文化自信视域下非遗武术进校园的价值与路径探析——以浙江缩山拳为例

文化是一个民族的“魂”与“根”,武术文化蕴含着华夏人民、炎黄子孙的思维方式与文化特质,武术的武德、武礼,展示出的意志与民族精神激励了一代又一代的中国人民,武术在中国有广大的受众基础,很多外国友人也是中国武术的爱好者。本文笔者结合自身的教学经验阐述了非遗武术进校园的健身功能以及文化传承价值,以浙江缩山拳为例,从师资力量、宣传教育以及学生配合度三方面分析了非遗武术进校园的困境,并提出了对应的解决路径,希望对缩山拳等非遗武术文化在校园的推广教育与文化的传承创新具有一定借鉴意义。     

传统武术拳种传承发展研究

借助文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,梳理河北省传统武术拳种的传承发展体系,分析当前武术拳种在继承中面临的困境,研究发现：河北省传统武术拳种的传承存在路径不畅、内容缩减、扭曲传播的现象。探索河北传统武术拳种传承路径应加大武术教育改革,推进传统武术进校园;加强武术拳种保护,拓宽传统武术传承路径;借助互联网技术,树立传统武术拳种正确形象。     

传统武术传承人的文化传承谱系、困境与消解

研究运用文献资料调研等方法,分析了传统武术传承的传统与现代谱系,认为:传统武术文化传承人的文化担当是民族民间文化传统得以延续的力量;自然传承与自觉传承的传统生态谱系致使传统武术文化的传承具有相对封闭性的特征,武术文化的"神秘性"与"经验性"指向,致使武术文化传承具有封闭性特征;武术流派中的门户之见导致信息交流的闭塞性两个方面。由"生活、职业伦理与制度"三个层构成的现代传承谱系与传统生态谱系交织构成了武术文化传承的困境,表现为:传承人生活的消极境遇影响了武术文化谱系传承走向与价值认同;制度的顶层设计影响着武术文化传承场域空间的构建,为武术文化传承提供了"模板";武术传承人的职业伦理为武术文化传承谱系延续提供保障。传统武术传承人文化传承谱系困境的消解之道在于:建立协同治理体系,引导传承人从传统武术文化实践产品中表达生活理想和文化认同;通过制度保障观念的逻辑认知,促进传统与现代传承谱系的有机融合;突出武术文化传承人的"代言人"与"解释者"身份,构建富有创新力量的传承结构谱系。     

基于体育非遗保护实践的贵州省体育非遗影像库建设与实施路径研究

通过对贵州以影像库建设为对象的体育非遗保护实践研究,梳理了体育非遗不同运动形式生存空间现实状况下影像资源整合与影像库建设的有关问题,并以此提出了贵州省体育非遗影像库管理推进及实现路径。贵州体育非遗保护的具体实践,为其体育非遗影像库的建设奠定了基础,提供了可供借鉴的经验。贵州体育非遗影像资源整合与设计理念的确认、非遗影像库设计基本步骤以及影像采集和编目建档步骤的完善,尤其是体育非遗素材加工存储与影像库运行的解读,对整个西南地区体育非遗影像库建设的实施有着较大的推进意义,而在此基础上提出的体育非遗影像库完善与发展实施路径,体现了贵州省体育非物质文化遗产保护与传承的整体性和一致性。     

乡村振兴背景下传统武术非遗传承路径选择——基于赋权理论

乡村振兴要激发乡村发展的内生动力,传统武术非遗作为乡村宝贵的文化资源,应推动其传承和发展。本文采用文献分析法和逻辑分析法,基于赋权理论提出传统武术非遗传承路径,从个体、组织、社区和集体四个维度构建传承体系,旨在推动传统武术非遗传承,进一步推动乡村振兴。     

商业赋能开启非遗盛事

非遗传承保护的关键在何处?如何为非遗创新更好地赋能?2019年12月12日上午,“论非遗辉煌成就展非遗美好未来一一中国非遗传承与创新发展高峰论坛”在北京友谊宾馆隆重举行。200余位来自相关行业领域的专家学者、非遗传承人以及从业者齐聚一堂,共同为非遗发展建言献策,成为这个岁末非遗领域的一大盛事。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。