Footedness in world soccer: an analysis of France '98.

Most football players and coaches agree that players are capable of learning to use both feet with equal frequency and efficiency--that is, become 'two-footed'. There is also some consensus that two-footed play is associated with skill in individual players. If these assumptions are true, then the world's elite football players should be substantially less 'one-footed' than the rest of the population. To examine this issue, we quantified the pattern of foot use in a sample of 236 players from 16 teams in the 1998 World Cup (France '98). Our findings indicate that World Cup players are as right-footed as the general population (approximately 79%). The remaining players were largely left-footed and as biased towards the use of their preferred foot as their right-footed counterparts. Very few players used each foot with equal frequency. Remarkably, both left- and right-footed players were as skilled, on average, with their non-preferred foot as they were with their preferred foot, on the rare occasions when they used it. Therefore, it is unlikely that infrequent use of one foot compared to the other foot can be accounted for by skill differences between the feet. Players were most asymmetrical for set pieces; nevertheless, first touches, passes, dribbles and tackles were rarely performed with the non-preferred foot as well. Our results support a biological model of foot preference and performance, as well as demonstrating the usefulness of soccer for studies of lateral asymmetries.     

Influence of non-preferred foot technical training in reducing lower limbs functional asymmetry among young football players

The functional asymmetry of the lower limbs has been regarded as a relevant factor of the performance of football players. We purposed to ascertain whether a specific technical training programme for the non-preferred foot has implications in the increasing utilisation rate of the respective member during the game. Young football players (n = 71) were randomly divided into experimental group (N = 35; 14.37 ± 1.94 years) and control group (N = 36; 14.50 ± 1.81 years). The study was developed into three stages: first, assessment of the index utilisation of both limbs during the game; second, application of a technical training programme that includes the drilling of specific motor skills exclusively directed to the non-preferred foot; and third, assessment of the new rate of both limbs’ utilisation after the predefined six months. The main findings were: (1) the use of the non-preferred foot increased significantly with the technical training programme in the experimental group and remained constant in the control group; (2) the use of the preferred foot decreased significantly in the experimental group and remained similar in control group. We concluded that a systematic and specific technical training for the non-preferred foot increases its use and reduces functional asymmetry in game situation, consequently improving the player’s performance.     

Kinematics of preferred and non-preferred handballing in Australian football

In Australian football (AF), handballing proficiently with both the preferred and non-preferred arm is important at elite levels; yet, little information is available for handballing on the non-preferred arm. This study compared preferred and non-preferred arm handballing techniques. Optotrak Certus (100 Hz) collected three-dimensional data for 19 elite AF players performing handballs with the preferred and non-preferred arms. Position data, range of motion (ROM), and linear and angular velocities were collected and compared between preferred and non-preferred arms using dependent t-tests. The preferred arm exhibited significantly greater forearm and humerus ROM and angular velocity and significantly greater shoulder angular velocity at ball contact compared to the non-preferred arm. In addition, the preferred arm produced a significantly greater range of lateral bend and maximum lower-trunk speed, maximum strike-side hip speed and hand speed at ball contact than the non-preferred arm. The non-preferred arm exhibited a significantly greater shoulder angle and lower- and upper-trunk orientation angle, but significantly lower support-elbow angle, trunk ROM, and trunk rotation velocity compared to the preferred arm. Reduced ROM and angular velocities found in non-preferred arm handballs indicates a reduction in the degrees of freedom and a less developed skill. Findings have implication for development of handballing on the non-preferred arm.     

对南非世界杯亚洲足球地位及中国足球的思考

从南非世界杯,看世界足坛依然呈现欧洲和南美洲两强争霸的局面,北美洲、非洲、亚洲和大洋洲之间水平十分接近,与欧洲和南美洲之间的差距逐渐缩小。南非世界杯给中国足球的启示：中国足球必须保证职业联赛健康和稳步发展,大力培养青少年后备力量,让更多球员到欧洲赛场发展和锻炼。     

试析足球进攻战术中的接应

对中国和巴西足球队各4场比赛的进攻接应情况进行技术统计,分析对比材料表明我国足球运动员比赛中接应跑位的现状甚为落后,因此,中国足球队员的无球技术需进一步提高。     

The up-front legacies of France 2019: changing the face of ‘le foot féminin’

ABSTRACT

The drive to develop women’s football in France, a game 100 years old albeit one long-stigmatised, was thrust into high gear in 2011. Since then, a confluence of events and cultural changes, from on-field results and officials’ investment of greater resources to winning the 2019 World Cup host bid, greater mediatisation of women’s players, and more – including the spectacular 2010 meltdown of Les Bleus in South Africa – have combined to energise and grow the game. This newfound dynamism was unforeseen a decade ago and illustrates some of France’s biggest World Cup legacies: the up-front investments underpinning the sport’s development during the 2010s, and the ways the country has repackaged itself as a champion of women’s football and women in football, forever changing the face of ‘le foot féminin’.     

Biomechanical differences in soccer kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg

The aims of this study were to examine the release speed of the ball in maximal instep kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg and to relate ball speed to biomechanical differences observed during the kicking action. Seven skilled soccer players performed maximal speed place kicks with the preferred and the non-preferred leg; their movements were filmed at 400 Hz. The inter-segmental kinematics and kinetics were derived. A coefficient of restitution between the foot and the ball was calculated and rate of force development in the hip flexors and the knee extensors was measured using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Higher ball speeds were achieved with the preferred leg as a result of the higher foot speed and coefficient of restitution at the time of impact compared with the non-preferred leg. These higher foot speeds were caused by a greater amount of work on the shank originating from the angular velocity of the thigh. No differences were found in muscle moments or rate of force development. We conclude that the difference in maximal ball speed between the preferred and the non-preferred leg is caused by a better inter-segmental motion pattern and a transfer of velocity from the foot to the ball when kicking with the preferred leg.     

文化学视野下的朝鲜足球初探——兼谈对中国足球的启示

在1966年的英格兰世界杯赛上,朝鲜作为最大的黑马杀入8强,时隔44年,他们又闯入南非世界杯决赛圈。神秘的朝鲜足球,在物质匮乏的环境下,有了爱国精神的感召,具备强大的集体团结意识;在封闭和垄断的环境下,依然有正确的青少年后备人才培养和球员交流措施,有较高的普及率。中国足球应在建构精神文化、制度文化方面借鉴朝鲜足球。     

Sporting reunions,contemporary collections and collective biographies: a case study of Harry Batt’s 1971 England team

ABSTRACT

This article centres on a reunion held at the National Football Museum in 2018 of women football players active before 1993, particularly the England team for the unofficial Women's World Cup in 1971. After outlining the organisation of the tournament, the experience of the three youngest England players is articulated using oral history case studies. Finally the argument suggests that social strategies, such as reunions, enable a degree of reminiscence therapy and provide museum and archives with potential material, currently in the private domain, to build contemporary collections, provided that players are willing to gift or loan their items.     

Biomechanical differences in soccer kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg

The aims of this study were to examine the release speed of the ball in maximal instep kicking with the preferred and the non-preferred leg and to relate ball speed to biomechanical differences observed during the kicking action. Seven skilled soccer players performed maximal speed place kicks with the preferred and the nonpreferred leg; their movements were filmed at 400 Hz. The inter-segmental kinematics and kinetics were derived. A coefficient of restitution between the foot and the ball was calculated and rate of force development in the hip flexors and the knee extensors was measured using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Higher ball speeds were achieved with the preferred leg as a result of the higher foot speed and coefficient of restitution at the time of impact compared with the non-preferred leg. These higher foot speeds were caused by a greater amount of work on the shank originating from the angular velocity of the thigh. No differences were found in muscle moments or rate of force development. We conclude that the difference in maximal ball speed between the preferred and the non-preferred leg is caused by a better inter-segmental motion pattern and a transfer of velocity from the foot to the ball when kicking with the preferred leg.     

运动技术掌握过程中肢体对侧迁移效果研究

通过对足、篮球运动技术掌握过程中肢体对侧迁移的观察,采用半径误差(Radial Error,RE)和命中率对迁移效果进行评定,找寻肢体对侧迁移不对称性的方向。结果表明,在一定阶段非优势侧向优势侧的迁移效果比较显著;非优势侧的肢体对侧迁移在一定程度上有利于两侧肢体运动技术的同利。     

Segmental dynamics of soccer instep kicking with the preferred and non-preferred leg

Abstract

Detailed time-series of the resultant joint moments and segmental interactions during soccer instep kicking were compared between the preferred and non-preferred kicking leg. The kicking motions of both legs were captured for five highly skilled players using a three-dimensional cinematographic technique at 200 Hz. The resultant joint moment (muscle moment) and moment due to segmental interactions (interaction moment) were computed using a two-link kinetic chain model composed of the thigh and lower leg (including shank and foot). The mechanical functioning of the muscle and interaction moments during kicking were clearly illustrated. Significantly greater ball velocity (32.1 vs. 27.1 m · s^?1), shank angular velocity (39.4 vs. 31.8 rad · s^?1) and final foot velocity (22.7 vs. 19.6 m · s^?1) were observed for the preferred leg. The preferred leg showed a significantly greater knee muscle moment (129.9 N · m) than the non-preferred leg (93.5 N · m), while no substantial differences were found for the interaction moment between the two legs (79.3 vs. 55.7 N · m). These results indicate that the highly skilled soccer players achieved a well-coordinated inter-segmental motion for both the preferred and non-preferred leg. The faster leg swing observed for the preferred leg was most likely the result of the larger muscle moment.     

对我国成年女足“年龄结构”的综合研究

我国成年女足目前存在年龄结构过于青年化的现象，通过与2007年女足世界杯的相关信息进行比较，指出了我国女足竞赛体系和女足运动员成长模式存在的问题，并且提出了可操作的建设性建议。     

第18届世界杯足球赛运动员身高、体重、年龄与运动成绩相关性研究

采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对参加2006年德国世界杯足球比赛运动员的身高、体重、年龄等指标与运动成绩相关性进行比较分析。结果表明:运动成绩最好的欧洲各队是平均身材最高、体重最重的队伍,而运动成绩最差的亚洲各队运动员则平均体重最轻、克托莱指数较低;不同位置运动员在平均身高、体重、年龄和克托莱指数方面存在显著性差异,其中守门员的各项指数最高;参赛运动员平均年龄差异不明显,都维持在较高的年龄水平上;前8名球队和亚洲日、韩球队的运动员在平均身高、体重和克托莱指数方面存在显著性差异。此结果可为中国足球运动的科学选材和训练提供借鉴与参考。     

Nigerian football: a case of social media and sport insider information

The increasing use of information and communication technology, particularly social media, has extended the reach of football discourse beyond traditional boundaries determined by in-groups of administrators, other football stakeholders and legacy media gatekeepers. Privileged football information refers to football information that would otherwise be restricted to insiders and may include ongoing, real-time or proposed decisions or events by football administrators, players, and other key football stakeholders. The relative anonymity of social media provides football administrators, insider journalists, player agents and others who have access to privileged information, with a communication channel to clandestinely disseminate the information. The paper explores possible motivation of an insider, Muyiwalawal, who posted insider information on Eagles Nest, a discussion board for Nigerian football fans, before and during the 2014 World Cup. We also report on the impact of the information on members of Eagles Nest. We find that the insider in this case is motivated by identity as an insider, prestige and member appreciation. Additionally, we find that persuasive impact of the information narrative is dependent on recipient's interpretation of narrative fidelity.     

2008-2010年中超足球运动员的身体形态特征分析

对2008-2010年度中国足球超级联赛运动员的身体形态特征及其克托莱指数特征进行分析,了解中超足球运动员身体形态特征的发展趋势,并通过与2010年第19届世界杯足球比赛参赛队伍的比较,分析中国足球超级联赛运动员的身体形态特征的优点与不足,从而探寻中国足球运动员的选材趋势与发展前景。     

2006年德国世界杯足球赛决赛阶段进球统计分析

对2006年德国世界杯足球赛决赛阶段64场比赛的147个进球进行统计分析，结果显示：前锋队员是进球的主力军；2号区域是主要的进球区域；上下半场的进球数相等．61min-75min时段是进球的低谷时段，76min-90min时段是进球的高峰时段；射门方式以脚射门为主；进攻形式平衡多样，中路进攻、边路进攻、定位球多点开花，而定位球常常达到出奇制胜的目的。     

俄罗斯世界杯8强球队防守反击战术研究

俄罗斯世界杯上,最终获得冠军的法国队是防守反击打法的典型代表。作为当今世界足坛水平最高的赛事,每一届世界杯都有不同的技战术打法赢得最终的冠军。俄罗斯世界杯的主流战术为防守反击战术。该文运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法对世界杯8强球队参加的38场比赛进行战术分析,总结世界杯8强球队在比赛中运用防守反击战术特征,旨在为我国足球训练及发展提供理论参考。     

论高水平职业联赛对国家队的供应效益——基于第19届世界杯足球赛球员来源特征研究

职业球员国际化流向背景下大型杯赛参赛球员来源特征及联赛对国家队的供应效益研究,不仅可以把握足球流动趋势和发展动向,而且能够服务于职业足球联赛的运作,具有重要意义。通过数理统计等研究方法,研究第19届世界杯足球赛各参赛球队球员的联赛分布,并以欧洲五大联赛为例研探职业联赛对国家队的供应效益。结果显示:世界杯参赛球员大多来源欧洲联赛,特别是欧洲五大联赛;欧洲五大联赛的球员来源对参赛队杯赛成绩具有一定相关性;高水平职业联赛对国家队的供应效益涉及联赛的内部效益和外部效益的组合水平,而尚处于发展中的职业联赛则要通过提升联赛的总效益水平来达成供应效益的增强。     

Segmental dynamics of soccer instep kicking with the preferred and non-preferred leg

Detailed time-series of the resultant joint moments and segmental interactions during soccer instep kicking were compared between the preferred and non-preferred kicking leg. The kicking motions of both legs were captured for five highly skilled players using a three-dimensional cinematographic technique at 200 Hz. The resultant joint moment (muscle moment) and moment due to segmental interactions (interaction moment) were computed using a two-link kinetic chain model composed of the thigh and lower leg (including shank and foot). The mechanical functioning of the muscle and interaction moments during kicking were clearly illustrated. Significantly greater ball velocity (32.1 vs. 27.1 m . s(-1)), shank angular velocity (39.4 vs. 31.8 rad . s(-1)) and final foot velocity (22.7 vs. 19.6 m . s(-1)) were observed for the preferred leg. The preferred leg showed a significantly greater knee muscle moment (129.9 N . m) than the non-preferred leg (93.5 N . m), while no substantial differences were found for the interaction moment between the two legs (79.3 vs. 55.7 N . m). These results indicate that the highly skilled soccer players achieved a well-coordinated inter-segmental motion for both the preferred and non-preferred leg. The faster leg swing observed for the preferred leg was most likely the result of the larger muscle moment.