如何利用“最近发展区”理论指导幼儿园教学

维果斯基提出的“最近发展区”理论主要阐释的是教师的教学和儿童内在发展之间的关系：教师的有效教学能够促进儿童向“最近发展区”发展。把握了儿童的“最近发展区”,便能加速儿童的发展。因此教师在教学中要能够充分的运用这一理论来指导其幼儿园教学实践,以此来促进幼儿不断朝更高的“最近发展区”发展。     

找准学生“最近发展区” 搭好教学“脚手架”——关于初中科学课程教学设计的探析

在新课改背景下,笔者以“最近发展区”理论为依据,身体力行,努力探索,在初中科学课程教学设计中,体悟到找准学生“最近发展区”,搭好教学“脚手架”的教学思想，明确“最近发展区”的相关理论,并结合科学课程教学实践是找准学生“最近发展区”,搭好教学“脚手架”的关键。     

“亮剑”教学设计

前苏联心理学家维果斯基提出“最近发展区”理论，与学生发展水平相对应，教学也应分为两个层次——针对最近发展区的教学是高层次教学，针对现有发展区的教学是低层次教学。     

应用“最近发展区”理论,培养数学学习能力

“最近发展区”指的是学生可能到达的认知水平与现有水平的差距,而“最近发展区”理论则鼓励教师通过教学,找准学生的最近发展区,然后引导帮助学生高效地进入下一发展阶段。在数学教学中,应用“最近发展区”理论,能够极大地培养学生的数学学习能力。     

“最近发展区”与语文教学

“最近发展区”的基本理论是:在确定发展与教学的可能关系时,须确立学生发展的两种水平。一是已达到的水平;二是可能达到的水平。学生借助教师帮助所达到的水平和学生独立活动所达到的水平之间的差异称之为“最近发展区”。运用“最近发展区”的理论,组织层次语文教学活动,使学生突破“最近发展区”,能够很快掌握重点、解决难点,克服厌学情绪,保持持久的学习兴趣,获得成功的快乐。     

最近发展区理论在初中英语教学中的应用

最近发展区理论在学习与初中英语教学之间建立了紧密的联系,为初中英语教学提供了科学的理论基础。教师根据建构主义理论的理论基础,对初中英语阅读教学进行研究,将最近发展区理论的重要思想运用到初中英语教学过程中,促进学生不断发展,把“最近发展区”转化为“现有发展区”。教师在初中英语教学过程中,利用最近发展区理论下的教学模式,转变传统的教学观念,提高学生的自主学习能力,有利于学生更好更快地发展。     

“最近发展区”理论指导下的数学教学案例一则

培养学生的数学思维能力 ,一直是数学教学的基本要求 .知识的传授固然重要 ,但更重要的是使学生认识、掌握认识的思维过程 ,即掌握学习数学的思考方法 ,使学生能从思想方法的高度去理解数学知识 .“最近发展区”理论为数学教学提供了通过教学使学生在数学思维能力方面得以培养和发展的空间 .而对这个空间的开发要靠教师对教学内容的创新设计 .学生的“最近发展区” ,就是学生思维发展过程中 ,现有发展水平与潜在发展水平之间的差异和桥梁 .“最近发展区”理论指导下的数学教学 ,其实质就是要把学生的“最近发展区”转化为“现有发展水平”的…     

运用“最近发展区”理论优化例题设计

现代认知心理学认为 :学生有两级发展水平 ,第一级是“现有发展水平” ,即学生现有的学习特点和已达到的发展速度 ,是教学的出发点 ;第二级是“潜在发展水平” ,即在教师启发诱导下学生经努力能够达到的发展水平 ,也就是所谓的“最近发展区”。“最近发展区”理论最早由前苏联教育家维果斯基提出 ,他认为 :教学就是把“最近发展区”转化为“现有发展水平”的过程。数学教学中的例题是为具体而实际地阐明算理与算法 ,并为学生的认知提供可类比的结构原型 ,学生理解与掌握例题 ,正是发展达到相应水平的一种标志。下面 ,就如何运用“最近发展区…     

维果茨基“最近发展区”理论在新课程教学中的应用

我国基础教育新课程下的各科教学若能充分理解“最近发展区”理论及其蕴含的教学思想,这将对其大有裨益。本文立足于“最近发展区”理论,探讨其在教学中的应用。     

“最近发展区”的多重解读及其教育蕴涵

“最近发展区”是维果茨基社会-文化-历史理论的一个标志性概念,也是我们解决教学与发展问题的重要理论基础。对“最近发展区”概念从“认知”、“文化”、“社会”、“教育”和“人学”等角度进行多维透视,不难获得“脚手架”隐喻、情境认知、实践参与、好的教学、人的生成等多方面的启示。它为我们解决教学的准备性与发展性问题指明了具体的思路,也为我们开展有效教学找到了具体的切入点。     

“最近发展区“语境中的教学之超越性

教育通过发展个体自我发展的能力实现人的自我超越.作为教育实践重要内容之一的教学,通过激发、形成学习者目前正处于成熟过程中而又未完全成熟的心理机能,即创造“最近发展区“,促进、引领着学习者超越自我,不断向前发展.     

Assessment of—or in—the zone of proximal development

Two perspectives on assessment are suggested by different interpretations of Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The first perspective—developed in the field of dynamic assessment research—considers that it is possible to measure the learner's ZPD as an individual trait showing a certain stability across instructional settings. The second perspective draws on work on interactive formative assessment integrated in classroom instruction. In this approach, assessment intervenes in the ZPD created by a learner's on-going interactions with a given instructional setting. Critical appraisal is given to the way in which each perspective interprets Vygotsky's writings.     

活用“最近发展区”理论,设计“互动协作”高职英语口语课堂

本文主要探讨如何灵活运用维果茨基＂最近发展区＂理论,结合高职学生的实际,设计＂互动协作式＂英语口语课堂。活用＂最近发展区＂理论设计高职口语课堂任务,不仅可以使课堂气氛活跃、提高学生参与的积极性,更重要的是激发每个学生的潜能,促进其互动,并在互动中相互学习,＂自主地＂收获知识,逐步提高其英语口语表达能力。     

THE AFFECTIVE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VYGOTSKY'S ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT

A bstract .  Many recent articles, research papers, and conference presentations about Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) emphasize the "extended" version of the ZPD that reflects human emotions and desires. In this essay, Michael G. Levykh expands on the extant literature on the ZPD through developing several new ideas. First, he maintains that there is no need to expand ZPD to include emotions, as its more "conservative" dimensions (cognitive, social, cultural, and historical) already encompass affective features. Second, Levykh emphasizes that an emotionally positive collaboration between teachers and students in a caring and nurturing environment must be created from the outset. Finally, he asserts that culturally developed emotions must mediate successful establishment and maintenance of the ZPD in order to be effective. According to Levykh, Vygotsky's notion that learning can lead development represents a crucial contribution to our understanding of teaching and learning by clearly showing that emotions are vital to human learning and development.     

Planes of Communicative Activity in Collaborative Writing

In this article I focus on the mediational role of communicative activity in the co-construction of meaning involved when pupils write collaboratively. I explore the developmental nature of peer intermental or social activity within a Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) by drawing on perspectives from sociocultural theory and the dialogical aspects of some classroom activity. Vygotsky’s concept of the ZPD is viewed as a tool used to produce forms of instruction that lead pupils’ psychological development. I identify three planes of communicative activity relating to physical, semiotic and intrapersonal tool usage in order to develop an analysis of two secondary school pupils involved in the shared activity of producing a co-constructed text.     

对“主动学习”教学模式的探讨

随着全国中小学“减负有生运动”的开展和大专院校“提高课堂教学质量”活动的兴起,全面推进课堂教学改革已势在必行,主动学习型的教学是一种注重学生技能的发展、知识的综合以及终生学习能力的培养的教学模式,对这一模式进行探讨将对我国素质教育的发展有着重要意义。     

The zone of proximal development as an overarching concept: A framework for synthesizing Vygotsky’s theories

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is defined as an overarching concept that integrates the main tenets of Vygotsky’s theory of human development. The conceptualization of the ZPD begins with its social, cultural, and historical context and traces its development as a spatial and temporal metaphor that reflects the sociogenetic root of all human mental functioning. Beyond the explication of sociogenesis, the ZPD is reconceptualized to include the notions of voice and dialogicality. The insights gained from the fields of semiotics and discourse studies allow a broader understanding of the ZPD by bringing to light participant structures and institutional and historical forces that may not have been included in the dominant interpretations of the ZPD.     

《计算机应用基础》多媒体教学系统的设计与实现

介绍了《计算机应用基础》多媒体教学系统的设计理论及其关键技术问题。     

Reconceptualizing the Zone of Proximal Development: The Importance of the Third Voice

A reconceptualization of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) is proposed by introducing the notion of dialogicality and voice. Drawing on Bakhtin’s semiotics, it is argued that the dialogical interactions occurring within the ZPD must be understood in a larger context to go beyond the visible and audible participants. More specifically, in addition to the first voice of the more capable participant and the second voice of the less competent participant, there is a third voice that serves as an immediate agenda of the ZPD. The third voice exerts its influence through the first voice by mediating the latter’s intrapsychological functioning. The compatibility between the agenda of the third voice and the developmental goals of the zone determines whether the progression through the ZPD is enhanced or constrained. Standardized testing is given as an example of the third voice with a focus on its compatibility with the developmental goal of the ZPD. Barohny Eun is mainly interested in developing an instructional model for K-5 English as a Second Language (ESL) students based on the sociocultural theories of Vygotsky. Steven E. Knotek is mainly interested in early intervention and literacy. Audrey L. Heining-Boynton is mainly interested in foreign and second language education.