文献综合集成模式下领域知识发现流程研究

[目的/意义] 面向多学科开展领域知识发现流程的研究,在丰富领域数据知识发现方面具有探索和开创性意义--不仅将促进学科间的融合,拓宽图书馆学与情报学的学科视野,同时对推动学科研究方法的创新,解决不同学科信息服务的实际问题将提供新思路。[方法/过程] 通过对现有基于文献的知识发现相关研究的评述,基于Meta分析法,构建异质领域异构信息源本体模式,结合领域数字资源的实际状况,提出一种基于文献综合集成的领域知识发现方法,并将其命名为异构信息源文献综合集成模式,分析该模式的流程及其特色。[结果/结论] 进一步探索领域知识发现的途径和方法,促进领域知识服务,设计完善的领域知识发现流程是拓展图书情报领域传统文献处理方式,推进图书情报工作演化的重要环节。面向知识服务的文献综合集成具有一定的应用前景,通过探索领域知识发现流程,进一步拓展图书情报领域传统文献处理、推进图书情报演化。     

企业进行外部研发提升了创新绩效吗?——基于Meta整合及Meta回归分析

基于70篇共146项相互独立的关于企业外部研发与创新绩效关系的实证研究样本,本文运用Meta分析方法探讨了内、外向型外部研发及其各维度与企业创新绩效的关系,结果表明：企业内向型、外向型外部研发对于创新绩效均具有显著的正向影响;内向型外部研发中合作引进(产学研、合资)、购买引进(购买技术、设备或服务)、外包与创新绩效的关系逐步减弱;外向型外部研发中承接外包与创新绩效呈中等强度正相关,但是授权技术与创新绩效相关关系结果不显著。此外,文化因素、中介变量存在情况、创新绩效类型会影响外部研发与创新绩效的关系。     

基于元分析的高校科研与教学关系论

教学与科研是高校发展的两大主题,笔者采用元分析视角探索教师科研与教学两种能力的关系。通过对源于CNKI和SPRING数据库1987-2016年间1328篇相关文献的30篇元分析,得出教师科研成果与其教学业绩存在显著相关的结论。从高校人才培养角度看,教师科研成果对其教学业绩也存在显著正向影响。就各类高校而言,教师科研成果对教学业绩的影响存在显著异质性,在综合型（地方综合性大学等）大学人才培养过程中,学校教师的整体科研成果对其教学业绩的影响程度最大;在研究型大学（即985和211高校等）学校整体科研水平对教学绩效的影响程度次之;而教学型大学（应用型高校、新建地方本科院校和独立学院）的科研成果对教学业绩的影响程度最弱;最后,探索了教师激励制度可能调节二者之间的关系变量,并提出未来研究的方向。     

The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL injury) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. A literature search was carried out in the Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed databases and included studies prior to April 2017. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies evaluating ultrasound to diagnose ACL injury were selected. MRI, arthroscopy and clinical-follow were considered the reference standards. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound was assessed using a combination of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio (LR), post-test probability, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and by summarizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. A total of 4 studies involving 246 patients were eventually included in the analysis. In these four studies, the combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, post-test probability and DOR were 90.0% (95% CI: 77–96), 97% (95% CI: 90–99), 31.08 (95% CI: 8.75–110.41), 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05–0.24), 89% (3%) and 288.81 (95% CI: 78.51–1062.48), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99). Our meta-analysis showed that ultrasound can play an important role in the diagnosis of ACL injury. Because of its high sensitivity, high specificity and high diagnostic ability, ultrasound should be a part of the standard diagnostic work-up of an ACL injury.     

激活后增强效应的间歇时间对下蹲跳高度影响的Meta分析

目的：探究激活后增强效应（PAP）间歇时间对下蹲跳高度影响。方法：检索PubMed等数据库,查找相关随机对照试验,检索时间从建库至2017年11月30日。按纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取数据和评价纳入文献研究方法质量后,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入15篇文献286名受试者。Meta分析结果显示：间歇时间为0~3 min[MD=-1.46,95% CI（-2.15,-0.78）,P<0.000 1],实验组优于对照组;间歇时间为4~7 min[MD=1.90,95% CI（0.81,2.99）,P=0.000 6]和8~12 min[MD=1.46,95% CI（0.78,2.15）,P<0.000 1],对照组优于实验组;间歇时间为13 min以上[MD=-0.45,95% CI（-2.26,1.36）,P=0.62],对照组与实验组间的差异无统计学意义。敏感性分析提示：改变研究质量差异、纳入标准、统计模型以及效应量的选择等,发现合并结果改变不明显,且受异质性影响的可能较小。结论：诱导方式为杠铃深蹲,诱导强度在85%~93% 1RM之间,重复次数为5~10次,可诱导产生PAP。间歇时间为0~3 min,可以明显提高受试者下蹲跳高度,间歇时间为4~7 min和8~12 min时下蹲跳高度未能显著增加,间歇时间为13min以上时,仍需更多高质量随机对照试验进一步研究证实。在制定诱导PAP方案时,还需考虑诱导对象的年龄与性别、训练经历和力量水平对PAP的影响。     

知识管理的成功因素-一个实证研究现状的综合分析

知识管理领域的15年国际研究过程中,虽然出现了大量的相关概念、建议及特定的实践模型,然而关于知识管理的成功因素至今还没有达成共识.本研究通过中间分析法,收集了大量的关于知识管理方面的研究,目的是找出成功进行知识管理的一系列决定因素,并给出关于成功因素特征的相关建议.     

知识创新与组织绩效关系的Meta分析

学术界对知识创新与组织绩效的关系已经进行大量的研究,均认为知识创新与组织绩效间存在正相关关系,但相关程度不一,基于此,对相关实证研究进行系统检验和筛选的基础上得到51个效应值进行分析。研究结果表明,知识创新与组织绩效间存在显著的正相关关系(效应值为0.415)。并进一步探讨了潜在调节变量对知识创新与组织绩效关系的影响,在中国大陆文化背景下知识创新与组织绩效的相关程度更高;在多维度知识创新对组织绩效的促进作用更加显著以及在没有中介变量的情况下,知识创新对组织绩效的影响更加显著。     

Bayesian Meta-Analytic SEM: A One-Stage Approach to Modeling Between-Studies Heterogeneity in Structural Parameters

Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) refers to a set of meta-analysis techniques for combining and comparing structural equation modeling (SEM) results from multiple studies. Existing approaches to MASEM cannot appropriately model between-studies heterogeneity in structural parameters because of missing correlations, lack model fit assessment, and suffer from several theoretical limitations. In this study, we address the major shortcomings of existing approaches by proposing a novel Bayesian multilevel SEM approach. Simulation results showed that the proposed approach performed satisfactorily in terms of parameter estimation and model fit evaluation when the number of studies and the within-study sample size were sufficiently large and when correlations were missing completely at random. An empirical example about the structure of personality based on a subset of data was provided. Results favored the third factor structure over the hierarchical structure. We end the article with discussions and future directions.     

体育锻炼改善老年人认知症的系统评价再评价

目的:对体育锻炼改善老年人认知症的干预效果及安全性进行系统评价再评价。方法:检索国内外6大电子数据库中体育锻炼干预老年人认知功能的系统评价,检索时限均从建库至2020年2月20日。采用R-AMSTAR评价纳入研究的方法学质量,采用GRADE评价系统对证据质量进行分级。结果:最终纳入20篇Meta分析,R-AMSTAR评价结果显示,所有纳入文献的方法学质量较高。GRADE证据质量评价显示,24个结局指标证据质量为高级,25个为中级。与对照组相比,72个结局指标中有39个显著性改善。体育锻炼对整体认知功能的干预效果已形成共识,对执行功能、记忆功能、注意等干预效果仍需进一步证实;有氧运动、抗阻运动、多成分运动和身心运动对认知症的干预效果已被证实;研究多采用每周锻炼2~4次,每次30~60min,中等强度,12~24周的干预方案。结论:体育锻炼是改善老年人认知症的一种有效安全的方法,有氧运动、抗阻运动、多成分运动和身心运动均有干预效果。     

Quantitative evaluation of persuasive appeals using comparative meta-analysis

Message appeals are a key component of communication campaigns and an important source of campaign influence. However, research on them is heavily fragmented and it is difficult to generalize findings from the many diverse field studies. Based on a large and unique data set using quantitative and qualitative meta-analyses, this research provides measures of the relative impact of each type of appeal, as well as the major differences among them, and identifies the moderating variables that lead to a better understanding of each. This investigation is based on persuasion research, which provides a framework for understanding the unique characteristics of these advertising appeals. It highlights empirical gaps in the academic literature and acts as a conceptual guide for our research hypotheses. Results reveal weaker effect sizes than those previously reported in the literature and show important differences among appeals that lead to a “hierarchy of appeals.” Specifically, emotional appeals, led by sex and humor, appear to be more effective than fear and rational appeals. The study finds new theoretical and empirical generalizations; some results are counterintuitive and differ from findings generated from single appeal studies. Findings are of theoretical and practical importance.