体育运动科学领域meta分析文献发表的方法学质量评价

目的：评价国内外发表体育运动科学领域meta分析的方法学质量。方法：电子检索中国知网（CNKI）、Web of Science,选用OQAQ量表进行方法学质量评价。结果：共纳入14篇合格文献,00Aa均分5．07±1．86分,属有小错误;方法学质量问题体现在研究者对文献筛选偏倚控制意识不高,没对原始研究使用真实性评价标准,缺乏全面恰当评价真实性。结论：按照一定的规范进行体育运动科学领域试验设计和系统评价,以提高该领域循证证据的质量。     

Tea consumption and risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

Objective: To determine the association between tea consumption and the risk of stroke. Methods: We searched the PubMed database from January 1966 to March 2012 and reviewed reference lists of retrieved articles to identify relevant studies. Studies were included if they reported relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke with respect to three or more categories of tea consumption. A random-effects model was used to combine the study-specific risk estimates. Results: Fourteen studies, consisting of 513 804 participants with a median follow-up of 11.5 years, were included in this meta-analysis. We observed a modest but statistically significant inverse association between tea consumption and risk of stroke. An increase of three cups/d in tea consumption was associated with a 13% decreased risk of stroke (RR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81–0.94). The decreased risk of stroke with tea consumption was consistent among most subgroups. Based on the three studies that provided results for stroke subtypes, tea consumption was also inversely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke (RR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69–0.84), but not cerebral hemorrhage (RR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82–1.11) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (RR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.57–1.16). Conclusions: Tea consumption is associated with a decreased risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. More well-designed, rigorously conducted studies are needed in order to make confident conclusions about the association between tea consumption and stroke subtypes.     

The Reporting and Analysis of Research Findings for Within–Subject Designs: Methodological Issues for Meta–Analysis

Abstract

The results of studying the older athlete provide inference to the possible physiological limits found at various ages and the effect of physical activity on the aging process. As a result of the increase in development of atherosclerosis with age and the high intensity effort involved in track competition, the importance of a maximal stress test prior to entering into competition was discussed. The results presented showed 40- to 75-yr-old champion track competitors to have excellent performance, cardiopulmonary function, and body composition characteristics when compared to sedentary and moderately trained subjects of similar ages. Although maximal performance and oxygen intake decreased with age, a dramatic reduction did not occur until after age 65. Body composition measures, maximal pulmonary ventilation, resting heart rate and blood pressure, and serum lipids were similar for subjects up to age 65, but showed a significant decrement thereafter. The causes of the decrement in performance and physiological function with age could not be determined, but were thought to result from a combination of factors, e.g., aging, quantity and quality of conditioning, and number of years in continuous training.     

The Place of Humor in the Curriculum

There is general agreement that meta-analysis is an important tool for synthesizing study results in quantitative educational research. Yet, a shared feature of many meta-analyses is a failure to report sufficient information for readers to fully judge the reported findings, such as the populations to which generalizations are to be made, inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies, the rationale underlying coded variables, including their scaling, relationship to study goals, and the sensitivity of conclusions to the chosen methodology. The authors provide (a) evidence of the prevalence of deficiencies of reporting and (b) suggestions about the kind of information that meta-analysts should typically provide. Providing readers with that information should significantly improve readers' ability to evaluate the credibility of a meta-analysis.     

Are contextual and designed student–student interaction treatments equally effective in distance education?

This systematic review draws from and builds upon the results of a meta-analysis of the achievement effects of three types of interaction treatments in distance education: student–student, student–teacher, and student–content (Bernard et al., Review of Educational Research, 79(3), 1243–1289, 2009). This follow-up study considers two forms of student–student interaction treatments, contextual interaction and designed interaction. Typical contextual interaction treatments contain the necessary conditions for student–student interaction to occur, but are not intentionally designed to create collaborative learning environments. By contrast, designed interaction treatments are intentionally implemented collaborative instructional conditions for increasing student learning. Our meta-analysis compared the effect of these two types of interaction treatments on student achievement outcomes. The results favored designed interaction treatments over contextual interaction treatments. Examples of designed interaction treatments and a discussion of study results and their potential implications for research and instruction in distance education and online learning are presented.     

增强现实系统对认知负荷的影响效果元分析

增强现实技术被广泛应用于增强现实系统,但该系统是否有助于降低用户认知负荷、提升用户作业效率和使用体验目前还存在一定争议。选取5个国内外权威数据库,检索筛选出25篇相关实证研究文献,共计31组数据进行元分析,对不同增强现实设备以及使用时间进行调节效应分析。从整体上看,增强现实系统有助于降低认知负荷;从设备类型来看,使用非可穿戴式设备时认知负荷的降低效果更好;从系统功能来看,学习系统和信息提示系统都能降低认知负荷。当使用增强现实信息提示系统时,使用超过30min反而会增加认知负荷。在未来的设计中,需要依据用户特征和任务类型找准AR技术的介入路径,提升系统的可用性,同时促进多学科融合发展,提升AR技术与人机系统的适配性。     

知识创新与组织绩效关系的Meta分析

学术界对知识创新与组织绩效的关系已经进行大量的研究,均认为知识创新与组织绩效间存在正相关关系,但相关程度不一,基于此,对相关实证研究进行系统检验和筛选的基础上得到51个效应值进行分析。研究结果表明,知识创新与组织绩效间存在显著的正相关关系(效应值为0.415)。并进一步探讨了潜在调节变量对知识创新与组织绩效关系的影响,在中国大陆文化背景下知识创新与组织绩效的相关程度更高;在多维度知识创新对组织绩效的促进作用更加显著以及在没有中介变量的情况下,知识创新对组织绩效的影响更加显著。