Critical review and meta-analysis of spurious hemolysis in blood samples collected from intravenous catheters

Background:

A number of preanalytical activities strongly influence sample quality, especially those related to sample collection. Since blood drawing through intravenous catheters is reported as a potential source of erythrocyte injury, we performed a critical review and meta-analysis about the risk of catheter-related hemolysis.

Materials and methods:

We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus to estimate the risk of spurious hemolysis in blood samples collected from intravenous catheters. A meta-analysis with calculation of Odds ratio (OR) and Relative risk (RR) along with 95% Confidence interval (95% CI) was carried out using random effect mode.

Results:

Fifteen articles including 17 studies were finally selected. The total number of patients was 14,796 in 13 studies assessing catheter and evacuated tubes versus straight needle and evacuated tubes, and 1251 in 4 studies assessing catheter and evacuated tubes versus catheter and manual aspiration. A significant risk of hemolysis was found in studies assessing catheter and evacuated tubes versus straight needle and evacuated tubes (random effect OR 3.4; 95% CI = 2.9–3.9 and random effect RR 1.07; 95% CI = 1.06–1.08), as well as in studies assessing catheter and evacuated tubes versus catheter and manual aspiration of blood (OR 3.7; 95% CI = 2.7–5.1 and RR 1.32; 95% CI = 1.24–1.40).

Conclusions:

Sample collection through intravenous catheters is associated with significant higher risk of spurious hemolysis as compared with standard blood drawn by straight needle, and this risk is further amplified when intravenous catheter are associated with primary evacuated blood tubes as compared with manual aspiration.     

大众锻炼领域心理学研究的演进(一)

对国际锻炼心理学研究现状进行了详细的回顾。重点分析了身体锻炼与焦虑、抑郁研究领域的研究与存在的问题。研究发现,身体锻炼与缓解焦虑显著相关,状态焦虑与特质焦虑的缓解效应,效果量从小到中不等。分析了期待假说、暂停或分心假说、心血管健康假说及体温假说等身体锻炼缓解焦虑的机制。研究还表明,身体锻炼与抑郁的显著降低有关,分析了5-羟色胺假说、去甲肾上腺假说等身体锻炼抗抑郁效果的理论。     

The effectiveness of universal design for learning: a meta-analysis of literature between 2013 and 2016

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is often promoted as an inclusive teaching methodology for supporting all students within diverse contemporary classrooms. This is achieved by proactively planning to the edges of a classroom by thinking of all the potential needs of students. To examine its effectiveness, a meta-analysis was conducted on empirical research, containing pre- and post-testing, published in peer-reviewed journals between 2013 and 2016 (N?=?18). Results from this analysis suggest that UDL is an effective teaching methodology for improving the learning process for all students. The impact on educational outcomes has not been demonstrated. The implications of this study will be discussed.     

教育游戏对学生学习效果的影响研究——基于41项实验和准实验的元分析

随着信息技术的发展,教育游戏在教学过程的应用越来越广泛,但学界对其应用效果仍颇具争议。为考察教育游戏对学生学习效果的影响,文章采用元分析法,对教育游戏的实验与准实验研究进行了梳理与分析,发现:相较于传统教学方式,教育游戏对学生的学习效果产生了中等程度的正向影响。之后,文章将学科、知识类型、故事情节、参与方式、研究设计类型作为调节变量,检验了调节变量对研究结果的影响。依据元分析结果,文章针对未来教育游戏应用提出了建议,包括依据不同学科特点设计相应的教育游戏、依据知识类型特征选择合适的教育游戏、增强教育游戏情景设计、增加小组参与的教育游戏模块、注重研究设计的多元化等。     

混合学习对学生学习成绩的影响研究——基于30篇实证研究文献的元分析

随着教育信息化的不断推进,线上线下教学相结合的混合学习成为教学改革的主流方向之一,成绩作为其效果表现之一成为研究热点。该研究采用元分析方法,对文献进行筛选与分析,从总体效果、学科、学段、实验周期、知识类型几个方面对混合学习的影响效果情况进行深入探讨。研究发现:(1)混合学习对学生学习成绩具有中等的积极影响。(2)混合学习应用于不同学段的作用效果不同,其对基础教育阶段成绩影响最不明显,对高等教育影响效果最为显著。(3)混合学习对学生成绩的影响不受学科、知识类型、实验周期三类调节变量的影响。     

Meta分析在图书馆学情报学中的应用

本文介绍了一种新的研究方法——Meta分析的定义、起源、优势和实施方法,分析了国外图书馆学情报学领域利用Meta分析开展的研究,探讨了这一方法在国内图书馆学情报学实施的可能性。     

Student satisfaction in higher education: a meta-analytic study

This paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis performed to identify key antecedent and consequent constructs of satisfaction in higher education. We offer an integrated model to achieve a better understanding of satisfaction in the context of higher education. To accomplish this objective, we identified 83 studies that were valid and relevant to the research objective of the current study, generating a total of 469 observations. We identified studies published from 1986 to 2016 and analyzed six antecedent dimensions (perceived value of educational services, resources provided to the student, service quality perception, marketing orientation, identity of the higher education institution, university environment) and one consequent dimension related to satisfaction. The 7 dimensions exhibited a total of 51 relationships. We believe that the originality of the findings clearly contributes to future academic research in higher education.     

Efficiency of digital and non-digital educational games: A comparative meta-analysis and a meta-thematic analysis

Abstract

The present article attempts to reinterpret the findings of most recent studies investigating effect of using games for teaching purposes. A methodological approach combining a meta-analysis of quantitative data with qualitative ones was adopted in order to present the broadest picture of the current research on educational use of games. To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis of 180 effect size comparisons out of 154 empirical studies on the effect of both digital and non-digital games on academic achievement conducted during the period from 2004 to 2019 in order to determine the overall effect size of using games for teaching various subjects. The overall sample size of the studies included a total number of 12800 participants. Some moderator analyses were also carried out to determine the exact efficiency of educational games in terms of student levels, durations of implementation of game activities, school subjects in which games were used, class sizes, kinds of games and achievement tests used. The findings suggest that educational games have a positive effect on academic achievement and this effect is at a medium level (g?=?0.695). The highest effect sizes were observed in foreign language courses (g?=?0.87), small (less than 50) class sizes (g?=?0.87), and in non-digital games (g?=?0.90). Moreover, we conducted a meta-thematic analysis based on document analysis of qualitative studies in order to further consolidate the findings of the meta-analysis. The meta-thematic dimension of our study reveals cognitive contributions as well as drawbacks of game-based teaching, and provides suggestions for conducting educational games in a better way.     

国内大学生网络成瘾影响因素的元分析

本文运用元分析技术对国内近7年间20篇相关实证研究文献进行分析.结果显 示,(1)理工科男生是网络成瘾的易发群体,但人口因素对网络成瘾影响效应量非常小 (| r |＜0.184);(2)外在因素中的生活事件和社会支持,内在因素中的应对方式、口EPQ人格 特质、心理健康、抑郁、孤独和自尊均会影响大学生网络成瘾,但影响效应量均为小效应量 (| r | ＜0.278);(3)大多数有关网络成瘾影响因素的已有研究结果存有显著的异质性 (P＜0.05).在一定条件下,每位大学生均可能网络成瘾,网络成瘾现象是人类生物本性使 然;大学生网络成瘾并非由某一因素单独作用所致,而是由多种因素共同作用的结果;导致 该领域以往研究结果异质性的原因是研究工具、测试方式和研究对象相异.