An Exploratory Study of Undergraduate Students' Referral Preferences

We surveyed undergraduate college students from the psychology subject pool (N = 73) about where they would refer a depressed friend for help. Students from this sample were most likely to refer friends to the counseling center followed by social support options. Students were comparatively least likely to refer to other professionals, indicating that these students view the counseling center as their primary access point for mental health care. Implications of these findings for counseling centers include the continued importance of on-campus care, outreach geared at generating appropriate referrals from social support, fostering relationships with students' parents, and providing access to psychiatric care.     

An Examination of the Impact of a Biological Anti-Stigma Message for Depression on College Students

Stigma is one reason that some people avoid seeking mental health treatment. This study tested whether a biologically based anti-stigma message affected various stigma-related outcomes in college students. One hundred eighty-two undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to see a billboard presenting the message, “Depression is a brain disease,” or a control message. Dependent variables included positive and negative affect, message appeal, stigma, and willingness to seek treatment. The biologically based anti-stigma message increased participants’ affect, was rated as relatively unappealing, and failed to reduce stigma or increase willingness to seek treatment. These preliminary findings raise concern about continued use of similar messages in college populations.     

大学生自尊与抑郁的关系

随着自尊与心理健康关系研究的不断深入,自尊与表征心理健康的重要指标———抑郁之间的关系研究越来越多。为深化其认识,文章梳理了二者关系的研究成果,总结出外显自尊与抑郁的关系中主要存在三种理论模型:易感模型、创伤模型和共同因素模型,以及高内隐自尊是抑郁的风险因素等重要结论,并提出提高自尊、减轻抑郁情绪的应对策略。     

Yoga for the prevention of depression,anxiety, and aggression and the promotion of socio-emotional competencies in school-aged children

Children and youth coming from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds are at risk of developing behavioural problems. This study examined the efficacy of a Yoga programme implemented in a low-socioeconomic status school, for the prevention of depression, anxiety, and aggression. After-school workshops were delivered twice a week during 12 weeks to 125 students in 5th, 8th, and 9th grades, enrolled in a school in Bogotá, Colombia. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention and to a control group. Children's anxiety, depression, aggression, and some socioemotional competencies (specifically empathy, anger management, and prosociality) were quantitatively assessed before and after the intervention, by means of self- and peer-reported questionnaires. Qualitative data were also collected to assess children's perceived benefits from the workshops. Results suggested a potential of the programme to reduce children's anxiety problems, in particular. Results are discussed in terms of recommended improvements to the programme and its future evaluation.     

Children's attitudes towards ADHD,depression and learning disabilities

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and general learning disabilities (LD) are common difficulties for British primary school children. It has been found that characteristics associated with these difficulties can result in negative attitudes and stigma from other children, causing problems with peer relationships. Furthermore, problematic peer relations can intensify the difficulties associated with these disorders. Packages such as ‘Tackling Stigma: A Practical Toolkit’ aim to combat stigma in schools. However, these packages have not been based on evidence regarding children's attitudes towards different disorders. This study aims to explore children's attitudes towards ADHD, depression and LD from a conative (measure of social distance) and cognitive (measure of positive or negative attributes ascribed to a person) perspective. Participants were 273 children (M= 9.2 years). Vignettes were used to describe a child with ADHD, depression, or LD or a ‘normal’ child. The Shared Activities Questionnaire was utilised to assess conative attitudes, and the Adjective Checklist was utilised to assess cognitive attitudes. Results showed that children generally displayed more negative attitudes to vignettes describing mental health difficulties (MHD) (ADHD and depression) than LD. Children had more negative attitudes towards the ADHD (externalising disorder) vignette than the depression vignette (internalising disorder). Younger children had more positive conative attitudes than older children. Those who had previous contact with children with ADHD, depression and LD had more positive attitudes. These findings can enhance current stigma reduction interventions through contributing a deeper understanding of children's attitudes towards the most common MHD and LD in childhood.     

丙烯酸酯共聚物分子量对降凝效果的研究

以100SN基础油为聚合溶剂,采用溶液聚合方法制备了丙烯酸十二酯与第二单体的共聚物。将所制备的几种共聚物测定其平均分子量和分子量分布,然后将这几种共聚物与几种常用的商品润滑油降凝剂分别加入到几种常用的润滑油基础油中,测定调合油的凝点,探讨共聚物的平均分子量和分子量分布对润滑油基础油的降凝效果。     

服刑人员社会支持、抑郁状态与自杀意念关系研究

采用社会支持、抑郁与自杀意念问卷对200名男性服刑人员进行调查,以探讨服刑人员社会支持、抑郁与自杀意念的关系。结果显示:(1)在自杀意念上,服刑人员总体上保持中立,社会支持程度较低,抑郁程度中等;(2)有无配偶及狱前职业状况对社会支持、抑郁及自杀意念有显著影响,年龄及文化程度对三者影响都不显著;(3)抑郁与自杀意念和社会支持都存在显著相关,社会支持只与对自杀者家属的态度存在显著相关;(4可以通过社会支持来预测的抑郁程度及通过抑郁程度来预测自杀意念。     

关于抑郁症的精神分析解读

近年来抑郁症的发病率呈现逐年升高的趋势,给个人、家庭及社会带来严重危害。目前在其治疗上主要以药物治疗为主心理治疗为辅。然而抑郁症的发病原因除生物因素外心理因素是主要原因。但是对于抑郁症的心理治疗及研究却相对滞后,尤其从精神分析角度对抑郁症背后深层次的无意识原因探讨更为缺乏。本文从精神分析的角度通过梳理与抑郁症相关的主要概念、探讨抑郁症发生及影响其症状表现的三大前提。为抑郁症的理论研究及临床治疗提供一定的参考。     

银杏叶与抑郁症治疗

抑郁症是一种心理障碍性疾病,也是危害人体健康的大敌。银杏叶提取物能清除体内自由基,有效地改善中枢神经的能量代谢,具有神经保护作用,可提高抑郁症患者的认知功能。该义对近年银杏叶联用抗抑郁化学药物用于改善抑郁症进行了综述,尤其是血管性抑郁方面,以期为后期的研究提供参考。     

Longitudinal Dynamic Analyses of Depression and Academic Achievement in the Hawaiian High Schools Health Survey Using Contemporary Latent Variable Change Models

The scientific literature consistently supports a negative relationship between adolescent depression and educational achievement, but we are certainly less sure on the causal determinants for this robust association. In this article we present multivariate data from a longitudinal cohort-sequential study of high school students in Hawai‘i (following McArdle, 2008; McArdle, Johnson, Hishinuma, Miyamoto, & Andrade, 2001). We first describe the full set of data on academic achievements and self-reported depression. We then carry out and present a progression of analyses in an effort to determine the accuracy, size, and direction of the dynamic relationships among depression and academic achievement, including gender and ethnic group differences. We apply 3 recently available forms of longitudinal data analysis: (a) Dealing with incomplete data—We apply these methods to cohort-sequential data with relatively large blocks of data that are incomplete for a variety of reasons (Little & Rubin, 1987; McArdle & Hamagami, 1992). (b) Ordinal measurement models (Muthén & Muthén, 2006)—We use a variety of statistical and psychometric measurement models, including ordinal measurement models, to help clarify the strongest patterns of influence. (c) Dynamic structural equation models (DSEMs; McArdle, 2008). We found the DSEM approach taken here was viable for a large amount of data, the assumption of an invariant metric over time was reasonable for ordinal estimates, and there were very few group differences in dynamic systems. We conclude that our dynamic evidence suggests that depression affects academic achievement, and not the other way around. We further discuss the methodological implications of the study.