三峡库区的方言对其民歌调式的影响

三峡库区的民歌调式有自己的特点。尽管影响其调式的因素是多方面的,但方言语音声调应该是最重要的因素之一。由于方言语音声调的影响,三峡库区的民歌调式以徵调式为主。     

AdaSL: An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation framework for Arabic multi-dialectal Sequence Labeling

Dialectal Arabic (DA) refers to varieties of everyday spoken languages in the Arab world. These dialects differ according to the country and region of the speaker, and their textual content is constantly growing with the rise of social media networks and web blogs. Although research on Natural Language Processing (NLP) on standard Arabic, namely Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), has witnessed remarkable progress, research efforts on DA are rather limited. This is due to numerous challenges, such as the scarcity of labeled data as well as the nature and structure of DA. While some recent works have reached decent results on several DA sentence classification tasks, other complex tasks, such as sequence labeling, still suffer from weak performances when it comes to DA varieties with either a limited amount of labeled data or unlabeled data only. Besides, it has been shown that zero-shot transfer learning from models trained on MSA does not perform well on DA. In this paper, we introduce AdaSL, a new unsupervised domain adaptation framework for Arabic multi-dialectal sequence labeling, leveraging unlabeled DA data, labeled MSA data, and existing multilingual and Arabic Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs). The proposed framework relies on four key components: (1) domain adaptive fine-tuning of multilingual/MSA language models on unlabeled DA data, (2) sub-word embedding pooling, (3) iterative self-training on unlabeled DA data, and (4) iterative DA and MSA distribution alignment. We evaluate our framework on multi-dialectal Named Entity Recognition (NER) and Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging tasks.The overall results show that the zero-shot transfer learning, using our proposed framework, boosts the performance of the multilingual PLMs by 40.87% in macro-F1 score for the NER task, while it boosts the accuracy by 6.95% for the POS tagging task. For the Arabic PLMs, our proposed framework increases performance by 16.18% macro-F1 for the NER task and 2.22% accuracy for the POS tagging task, and thus, achieving new state-of-the-art zero-shot transfer learning performance for Arabic multi-dialectal sequence labeling.     

屯堡方言岛地名的比较研究及其文化内涵透视

以屯堡方言岛为研究视角,通过对屯堡村寨和云贵地区其他村寨的地名的比较研究,透视其文化内涵。首先考察了屯堡村寨及贵州其他汉族村寨地名中通名的历史层次;然后分析了屯堡一带十二兽地名的文化内涵,得出结论:十二兽地名是明代汉族移民与当地土著的统治民族彝族在经济文化、民族心理及思维方式上相互融合的结果。     

湖北孝南方言的语音特点

文章以中古音、普通话、汉口话为参照,总结了孝南方言声母、韵母、声调三个方面的语音特点。     

沈约声律论管窥

钟嵘《诗品》将齐梁间文坛领袖沈约置于中品,且在序中攻击沈约颇为自负的声律学说,引起后世争议。通过对沈约及其声律学说的探讨,指出"四声八病"说虽然在草创之初不免有繁琐而多拘忌的毛病,但却是魏晋以降文学进入自觉时代之后的必然产物,同时也跟汉语音韵学的发展有很大的关系。沈约声律论为后来唐代近体诗的成熟奠定了基础,实属诗歌艺术规律的一项重大发现,是诗歌审美观念更新的必然结果。在从古体诗向格律诗演进的过程中,沈约实有开拓首创之功。     

非物质文化遗产保护传承机制探析——以贵州镇宁布依族铜鼓十二调为例

民族文化是维系一个民族过去、现在与未来重要的精神纽带,是一个民族区别其他民族独特文化资质的表征,更是加强民族社会安定团结、鼓舞民族意志的重要载体。贵州镇宁布依族铜鼓十二调作为国家级非物质文化遗产,在新的社会环境下如何使其更长远持续的传承和保护,对其传承机制进行探索研究就显得非常有必要。     

《中原音韵》“入派三声”性质辨析──从“剧”字音说起

元周德清《中原音韵》齐微韵入作去中收一“剧”字,当是入作平声阳而误收。今河北容城县“剧村”之“剧［ｋｉ　］”正是阳平声。剧村与元大都（今北京市）两地语言相同或相近。讨论入声的消失与否,笼统地说“广大北方地区”或“中原之音”,极易陷入以偏概全的失误。可以容城方言为基础和《中原音韵》、早期杂剧作家的用的以及现代北京话相比较,从彼此异同了解中古入声消失的时、地。周德清与早期杂剧作家用的根据的是不同方音。容城方音与《中原音韵》清入声作上声是一致的。容城方言是《中原音韵》语音系统的基础。《中原雅音》同样反映了中古入产消失的实际。容城口语中一些清入作上声字的现象,其年代早于《中原音韵》。入声的消失,由大都往南的保定地区应该是较早的,大约是在１３世纪中叶。     

留学生语音阶段结束后之语音跟进调查

从听写看,经过基础阶段汉语语音教学之后,暨南大学中高年级留学生在语音方面仍存在着几个突出问题。为此,我们认为至少需要在下列几个方面加强教学:一、声调方面,需要加强对轻声和去声、上声和阳平的听辨训练,进一步提高对标调规律的掌握;二、声母方面,需要加强平翘舌音的听辨训练;三、韵母方面,需要加强跟撮口呼有关的声韵母拼合训练和前后鼻韵母听辨训练。     

对It Doesn＇t Matter非自然意义表达的分析

一次以19名以英语为母语的使用者为对象，围绕“It doesn’t matter”的意义的问卷调查表明，被调查者在使用这一句子表达其自然意义的同时，也用语气的变化、根据不同语境，传达了超越字面意义的、隐含的非自然意义。调查也发现，这一用法往往会被以英语为外语的使用者所忽视，并在实际会话中误解、误用，这一现象应引起以英语为外语的使用者的格外注意。     

英汉超音段音位对比分析

通过从超音段特征中的声调、语调、重音三方面着手,将英汉进行对比,指出两种语言的异同,以期对英语学习者有所启示。