Team identification and sports fandom as predictors of fan aggression: The moderating role of ageing

In the current study, the explored the moderating role of ageing in the relationship between team identification/fandom and fan aggression. The authors used an online panel-based survey that offered access to a realworld population of sports fans. Participants were 740 fans of Israeli professional basketball. Results from structural equation modelling demonstrated that older fans reported higher levels of mere sports fandom and lower levels of self-reported aggression and acceptance of aggression. Moreover, age moderated the relationships between team identification (or fandom) and self-reported aggression, such that team identification (or fandom) was more strongly associated with selfreported fan aggression among younger fans than among older fans. The moderating role of age in the relationships between team identification (or fandom) and perceptions of appropriateness of aggression was not supported. The findings contribute to our theoretical understanding of the role of ageing in the relationship between fan identification and fan aggression. Based on these findings, the authors assert that managers might particularly benefit from leveraging the potential, but often neglected, segment of senior fans, since older fans can play a key role in reducing the level of aggression during competitive sports events. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.     

在东方与西方之间——“春树热”的社会背景探析

村上春树的小说受欢迎的根本原因是作品深刻揭示了人性中的真善美与假恶丑,演绎了都市社会里的现代人性故事。在社会背景方面,村上的小说反映了处于相同或相似的社会进程中人们的精神状态,类似的生活体验带来的文化认同感是其小说赖以流行的基础。这种现象反映了资本主义文化扩张所具有的全球化倾向正不断消除着异文化间的差异而代之以一种普遍的跨国资本文化。     

班主任工作中的集体教育方法探析--马卡连柯的"到中间去"

在教育实践中，集体教育的方法多停留于教育者单方面对学生的施教，而忽略了学生集体本身这种强大的教育力量。马卡连柯的“到中间去”，是指学生犯错时，将犯错的学生推向学生集体中间并接受同学集体教育的方法，充分利用学生集体本身的强大力量，让所有学生在教育的参与中得到更好的发展，达到良好的教育效果。古老的方法在今天仍有旺盛的生命力，特别是在今天的班主任工作中，仍能发挥出显著的作用。     

社会转型期教育的认同危机

在社会转型的背景下，全球社会正处于一个重新评价和自我怀疑的时期，原来那种学校概念就差不多可以涵盖教育概念的状况已经不能满足一个多元、复杂的社会的需求。多样性是教育的必然选择。     

数量结构的自动识别方案

数量结构是现代汉语中的一个重要组成部分。对于中文信息处理而言,实现其自动识别将对查找中文文本中的重要命名实体有很大的帮助。但从目前的自动识别程序的开放测试结果来看,乃存在错标、漏标等现象。因此,我们在今后的程序的算法设计中还需要进一步的改善。     

电子资源用户受益最大化探讨

将经济学中的最大化理论运用于图书馆电子资源的采购和服务领域，阐述图书馆电子资源用户受益最大化分为采购预期最大化和效用预期最大化两个层次。提出开展馆外访问服务将使图书馆提供电子资源服务的时间最大化，同时让合法用户在资源内容、时间与空间上的受益最大化，而网络用户个人身份认证则是目前保障其合法用户受益最大化的最有效的方式。     

基于既定词表的自适应汉语分词技术研究

提出一种汉语分词算法，在给定的分词词表的基础上进行汉语分词时，不但能成功切分出分词词表中已有的词，而且能同时自动识别出分词词表中没有的词，即未登录词。与逆向最长匹配法以及其他未登录词识别算法进行的测试比较表明，该分词算法可以有效地解决大多数未登录词的识别问题，并且能减少分词错误，同时对分词算法的效率基本没有影响。     

版权集体管理环境下地区性图书馆联盟的新角色

通过分析当前版权保护的现状和著作权集体保护制度的发展情况，针对图书馆领域著作权管理的特殊性以及地区性图书馆联盟的性质和功能，建议重新定位地区性图书馆联盟在版权保护中的角色，并对地区性图书馆联盟版权管理机制的建立提出具体的构想。     

Seeking Nettle Textiles – Utilizing a Combination of Microscopic Methods for Fibre Identification

Bast fibres have been commonly used as a textile material in Northern Europe since Neolithic times. However, the process of identifying the different species has been problematic, and many important questions related to their cultural history are still unanswered. For example, a modified Herzog test and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals have both been used in identification. In order to generate more reliable results, further research and advancement in multi-methodological methods is required. This paper introduces a combination of methods which can be used to identify and distinguish flax (Linum usitatissimum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). The research material consisted of reference fibres and 25 fibre samples obtained from 12 textiles assumed to be made of nettle. The textiles were from the Finno-Ugric and Historical Collections of The National Museum of Finland. The fibre samples were studied by observing the surface characteristics and cross sections with transmitted light microscopy, and by using a modified Herzog test with polarized light, in order to identify the distinguishable features in their morphological structures. The study showed that five out of 25 samples were cotton, 16 nettle, one flax, and one hemp. Findings from two samples were inconsistent. The results show that it is possible to distinguish common north European bast fibres from each other by using a combination of microscopic methods. Furthermore, by utilizing these combined methods, new and more reliable information could be obtained from historical ethnographic textiles, which creates new vistas for the interpretation of their cultural history.