美国体育小镇的运行机制及其对中国的启示

体育是美国人生活中不可或缺的一部分，发达的体育文化为美国小镇体育的繁荣奠定了基础。研究以美国体育小镇为对象，运用文献资料、实地考察、逻辑分析及ArcGIS地理信息绘图等方法和技术对美国体育小镇进行了研究。结果表明：美国体育小镇的布局属非均匀化发展，存在东强西弱，南强北弱的特点且表现出"马太效应"。进而从社会学的角度分析了美国体育小镇运行的外部环境和内在动力机制，并以典型案例对体育小镇运行特点进行了剖析。建议我国体育小镇的建设应从目标引领、政策驱动、环境支持、形成正反馈循环和塑造灵魂等方面思考以推动体育小镇的建设。     

Tracking user-role evolution via topic modeling in community question answering

Community question answering (CQA) services that enable users to ask and answer questions are popular on the internet. Each user can simultaneously play the roles of asker and answerer. Some work has aimed to model the roles of users for potential applications in CQA. However, the dynamic characteristics of user roles have not been addressed. User roles vary over time. This paper explores user representation by tracking user-role evolution, which could enable several potential applications in CQA, such as question recommendation. We believe this paper is the first to track user-role evolution and investigate its influence on the performance of question recommendation in CQA. Moreover, we propose a time-aware role model (TRM) to effectively track user-role evolution. With different independence assumptions, two variants of TRM are developed. Finally, we present the TRM-based approach to question recommendation, which provides a mechanism to naturally integrate the user-role evolution with content relevance between the answerer and the question into a unified probabilistic framework. Experiments using real-world data from Stack Overflow show that (1) the TRM is valid for tracking user-role evolution, and (2) compared with baselines utilizing role based methods, our TRM-based approach consistently and significantly improves the performance of question recommendation. Hence, our approach could enable several potential applications in CQA.     

The effect of number of siblings and birth order on educational attainment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey

Data from China demonstrate that the effect of the number of siblings on education is restricted by many factors, such as children’s gender, urban or rural household registration, whether there is only one child, the birth order of children within the family, and parents’ status. Chinese families have significant preferences for the eldest son and the youngest son. Moreover, research based on the natural experiment and instrumental variable approach suggests that market-oriented reform of education has increased the cost of family education expenditures since China’s reform and opening up, which further aggravates the negative impact on education of having many siblings in an urban setting.     

论组织中的参与式决策

参与式决策注重以人为本,支持个人创新,强调组织成员的作用和潜能得到最大限度的发挥。作为现代组织管理的一种重要方式,参与式决策不仅能对组织成员产生激励作用,也能为组织目标的实现提供保证。     

世界女子马拉松项目竞争格局的演变与发展趋势

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、比较法等对世界女子马拉松项目的发展历史进行回顾。分析该项目的世界格局与发展趋势，结果发现：女子马拉松项目相对集中，优势国家特征明显。29届奥运会我国在该项目的目标定位是夺取金牌。     

我国近代学校体育思想流变及大学体育课程的演进

通过对中国学校体育思想流变的梳理,把握中国学校体育发展的基本脉络;通过考察与近代中国变革几乎同时而生的大学体育课程的演进过程,反观学校体育思想对人才教育和培养的影响.进而从历史的角度,探寻中国学校体育思想的源与流,以及对学校体育发展的作用与局限,为研究中国学校体育未来的发展提供基础和参照.     

发表偏倚的原因、后果与预防研究

从4个方面对发表偏倚这一现象进行了研究: 1)发表偏倚的定义;2)发表偏倚产生的原因以及作者、编审者、资助者在选择性出版研究结果中所起的作用;3)发表偏倚的后果;4)发表偏倚的多项预防措施.     

Pupil participation: the NASEN policy

NASEN is to be congratulated for developing a Policy on Pupil Participation (NASEN, 2004). The importance of developing this practice has been increasingly recognised over recent years by policy makers, practitioners and researchers. In this short article I shall address some of the issues that the development of such a policy raises. Although generally welcoming NASEN's initiatives and similar actions by other organizations, I consider it important also to review the issue more broadly.     

肌肉功能与衰老

肌肉功能的退化是生命衰老的一种表现，是体内多种生命过程变化的结果。除了肌肉本身的老化以外，神经中枢的活动特点，激素的分泌特征和身体的行为改变都可能影响肌肉功能的退化。大量实验结果显示，运动训练可以保持老年人的肌肉功能和延缓其退化。     

论纸型载体角色与地位的调整

在网络载体不断发展的背景下 ,纸型载体在科学信息交流中的作用和地位将下降 ,成为科学信息交流的辅助载体 ,主要承担科学信息的“阅读”功能和科研成果的社会认同功能。参考文献 14。