Adolescents’ motives for selling sex in a welfare state – A Swedish national study

In addition to money or other compensation, other motives for selling sex may be important in a welfare country such as Sweden. The aim of this study was to carry out an exploratory investigation of adolescents’ motives for selling sex in a population-based survey in Sweden. A total of 5839 adolescents from the third year of Swedish high school, mean age 18.0 years, participated in the study. The response rate was 59.7% and 51 students (0.9%) reported having sold sex. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to identify groups of adolescents according to underlying motives for selling sex. Further analyses were carried out for characteristics of selling sex and risk factors. Three groups of adolescents were categorized according to their motives for selling sex: Adolescents reporting; 1) Emotional reasons, being at a greater risk of sexual abuse, using sex as a means of self-injury and having a non-heterosexual orientation. 2) Material but no Emotional reasons, who more often receive money as compensation and selling sex to a person over 25 years of age, and 3) Pleasure or no underlying motive for selling sex reported, who were mostly heterosexual males selling sex to a person under 25 years of age, the buyer was not known from the Internet, the reward was seldom money and this group was less exposed to penetrative sexual abuse or using sex as a means of self-injury. In conclusion, adolescents selling sex are a heterogeneous group in regard to underlying motives.     

A meta-cognitive approach to doping in sports: The effects of thought validation on attitudes related to doping

ABSTRACT

To better understand doping-related attitude change, it is important to consider not only the amount of thinking (i.e., elaboration) done by message recipients, but also the favourability of their thoughts in response to the proposal, as well as the perceived validity in their thoughts. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of a meta-cognitive process (i.e., thought validation) on attitudes related to doping. Thus, we randomly assigned participants to read a message either against or in favour of legalising several doping behaviours. Participants listed their thoughts regarding the proposal and indicated the perceived validity in their thoughts, then reported their attitudes. As hypothesised, the message against legalisation elicited more unfavourable thoughts and attitudes than the message in favour of legalisation. Most relevantly, the effects of the message direction on attitudes were greater for participants with higher (vs. lower) levels of thought validity. Furthermore, consistent with the thought validation process, results revealed that thought favourability was a better predictor of attitudes for participants with higher (vs. lower) perceived thought validity, indicating that perceiving one’s thoughts as valid plays an important role in persuasion. These findings provide novel insights for research and interventions regarding doping in sports.     

体育教学与体育态度学习关系的综述

体育态度在学校范围内是一种学科态度,学生通过有效途径可以获得这种态度.体育态度学习包括态度的形式和改变,体育态度的获得要经过顺从、认同、内化三个阶段.体育态度学习是在一定条件下发生的,它是内、外条件共同作用的结果.内部条件包括:学习信念、学习心向、认知失衡、知觉判断.外部条件包括:和谐人际环境、能够获得强化、能够体验成功、树立成功榜样.     

高等师范院校学生体育态度变化的实证研究

体育态度是指个体对体育活动所持的评价、体验和行为倾向的综合表现。体育态度调节着人对体育参与的行为选择和行为反应，影响着体育学习和锻炼的效果和效率。高师学生的职业定向是教师，重视和加强高师学生体育态度的形成与培养．对推动中小学校体育与健康活动广泛与深入地开展及提高未来教师队伍的健康水平等，都具有特殊意义。本文在调查研究的基础上，就不同年级学生对体育课教学所持的态度及参加体育锻炼的行为表现等问题展开探讨。     

体育课教学过程中文理科女大学生学习态度的比较研究

文科与理科女大学生的学习态度有显著差异,主要原因是文理科女大学生的认知方式、元认知能力及其发展水平不同.针对这一差异,在体育教学中体育教师应保持积极的情绪状态,注重人文关怀,注重运动实践与体育文化知识融合,改革成绩考核标准.     

中学英语课堂教学改革小议

针对我国中学英语教学现状,教育工作者应培养学生积极和健康的情感态度,营造宽松和高效的课堂互动氛围,培养学生创新思维能力,特别是要进行课堂交际性活动,从而达到大面积地提高中学学生英语教育质量。     

中美两国文化中的隐私观念比较

中美两国由于处在东西方不同的文化之中,在文化取向、人与自然的关系、人与人的关系、社会规范、思维方式和生活方式等各方面都表现出很大的差异。隐私观念也是这些文化差异的表现之一。了解中美两国不同的隐私观,有助于双方的沟通和交往,避免产生跨文化交际中的失误。     

人是人的未来——语文学习与人文精神的审美阐释

人被称为万物之灵,他的本质就是他能够感知人的存在并知道生命的短促与不朽!然而,现代人面临诸多的困境和诱惑,往往迷失了本性,致使意义缺失、灵魂失所、无家可归!因此我们提倡通过语文学习构建一种审美的人生态度:终极关怀、诗意栖居、中庸处世。不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵;顺天地之德,合神人之力,建不朽之功!     

竞技体育后备人才训练态度的研究

训练态度是影响训练质量的重要因素之一。通过对后备队员训练态度的研究,结果发现:后备队员训练态度的结构不稳定;并随年龄或训练年限的增长而呈下降趋势;不同群体队员其训练态度存有差异;男性队员好于女性;来自农村队员好于来自城市队员。