4周下肢间歇负压干预对优秀赛艇运动员心率变异性和儿茶酚胺的影响

目的探讨下肢间歇负压干预对赛艇运动员心率变异性(HRV)相关指标和儿茶酚胺的影响。方法将国家赛艇队的14名运动员分为试验组和对照组,试验组运动员每周用间歇负压干预5 d,持续4周,对照组无其他干预方式。试验期间均对2组运动员进行HRV相关指标和儿茶酚胺的测试。结果试验前2组运动员各指标均无统计学差异。开始干预后2组的变化如下:①在时域指标中,试验组正常窦性R-R间期标准差(SDNN)在第3周时高于对照组(P<0.05)。②在频域指标中,试验组高频(HF)值在第2周和第3周时高于对照组(P<0.05),而其高频与低频比(LF/HF)在第1、3和4周时低于对照组(P<0.05)。③2组儿茶酚胺组内、组间比较均无统计学差异,但试验组儿茶酚胺下降程度比对照组高。结论4周的间歇负压干预对运动员自主神经系统功能的恢复有明显促进作用,对儿茶酚胺的分泌也具有抑制趋势;这有利于降低运动员心脏负荷,促进运动后的生理恢复。     

The application of inertial measurement units and functional principal component analysis to evaluate movement in the forward 3½ pike somersault springboard dive

Based on technological and analytical advances, the capability to more accurately and finitely examine biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement has improved. The purpose of this study was to use Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and Functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) to examine the role of movement variability (assessed via angular velocity), on 2 divers (1 international level; 1 national) performing the forward 3½ pike somersault dive. Analysis of angular velocity curves during ive-flight identified 5 fPCs, accounting for 96.5% of movement variability. The national diver’s scatter plots and standard deviation of fPC scores illustrated larger magnitudes of angular velocity variability across dive flight. For fPC1 and fPC3, magnitudes of SD variability were 282.6 and 201.5, respectively. The international diver illustrated more consistent angular velocity profiles, with clustering of fPCs scores (e.g., fPC1 & 3 = SD’s of 75.2 & 68.0). To account for lower variability in the international diver, the ability to better coordinate movement sequences and functionally utilise feedback in response to initiation of the somersault position is highlighted. Overall, findings highlight how both IMUs and fPCA can more holistically and finitely examine the biomechanical and skill characteristics of movement sequences with the capability to inform athlete development.     

比较文学教学的四个关键词

比较文学作为一门学科,内容丰富、学理性强。如何使学生真正了解比较文学学科的价值、意义,使他们正确运用比较文学原理、方法,深入开展文学研究,四个关键词至关重要,即：比较;影响;可比性;变异性。学生只有充分了解关键词的含义,切实掌握了关键词的运用,比较文学的教学才能收到事半功倍的成效。     

The role of self-construal in moderating the advertising repetition effect: evidence from Korea

This study explored the role of self-construal in moderating the effect of same- and varied-ad repetition on consumer response to advertising and brand on the basis of self-construal and encoding variability theory. In the study, subjects primed with independent or interdependent self-construal were exposed to either the same or varied ads. Findings indicate that, for foreground information in ad, independent self-construal subjects elicited more than interdependent self-construal subjects in same-ad repetition whereas there was no difference between independent and interdependent self-construal subjects in varied-ad repetition. However, for background information, interdependent self-construal subjects performed better than independent self-construal subjects in both same- and varied-ad repetition. In the case of brand recall, in varied-ad repetition, interdependent self-construal subjects recalled better than independent self-construal subjects did, whereas there was no difference between interdependent and independent self-construal subjects in same-ad repetition. It was also found interdependent self-construal subjects evaluated the target brand more positively than independent self-construal subjects did in varied-ad repetition. However, there was no difference in brand attitude between independent and interdependent subjects in same-ad repetition.     

Alterations in autonomic cardiac modulation in response to normobaric hypoxia

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine if autonomic cardiac modulation was influenced by acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia. Method: Ten healthy male lowland dwellers completed five block-randomised single-blinded, crossed-over acute exposures to a normobaric hypoxic environment, each separated by 24 hours’ recovery (20.3%, 17.4%, 14.5%, 12.0% and 9.8% F_IO₂). Supine recordings were made of arterial oxygen saturation and electrocardiogram (ECG). RR intervals from the ECG trace were analysed for time (SDNN, lnrMSSD), frequency (lnVLF, lnLF, lnHF, lnTP, LFnu, and HFnu), and nonlinear (DFA-α1 and SampEn) heart rate variability components. Results: A significant reduction in arterial SaO₂ occurred with reduced F_IO₂, along with a rise in heart rate (Cohen’s d?=?1.16, 95% Confidence Interval [2.64–6.46]), significant at 9.8% F_IO₂. A decrease in autonomic cardiac modulation was also found as shown by a statistically significant (at 9.8% F_IO₂) decrease in lnTP (d?=?1.84 [1.74–1.94]), and SampEn (d?=?0.98 [0.83–1.12]) and an increase in DFA-α₁ (d?=?0.72 [0.60–0.84]) from normoxia at 9.8% F_IO₂. Conclusion: The decrease in variability indicated a reduction in autonomic cardiac modulation. There appears to be a threshold ～9.8% F_IO₂ (～6000?m equiv.), below which significant alterations in autonomic control occur.     

试析新课标背景下中学英语教学设计模式"三阶段"

随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的不断深入,改变传统教学设计模式、转变教研方式、优化教学设计、提高教师备课能力、促进教师的专业化发展,已经成为我们教研工作中的当务之急.本文试从中学英语教学设计的"前设计"、"中设计"、"后设计"三个方面,初步探讨新课标背景下中学英语教师个性化的教学设计及备课方法.     

保藏温度、时间及代次对蛹虫草菌种质量的影响

目的：探索不同保藏温度、时间及菌种代次对蛹虫草菌种质量的影响。方法：以4℃、10℃、20℃等不同保藏温度,以30 d、60 d、90 d、180 d及360 d等不同保藏时间,以F1、F2、F3、F4等不同代次母种,以F0为对照组,对比菌种质量情况。结果：菌种质量由高到低依次为：10℃保藏1个月、4℃保藏1个月、20℃保藏1个月、4℃保藏2个月、4℃保藏3个月、10℃保藏2个月,其他基本无菌种价值;F1〉F2〉F3,F4基本无菌种价值。结论：4℃保藏1～2个月为佳,10℃保藏1个月为佳,菌种传代以3代以内为佳。     

教师供需：全球及地域趋势（下）——《教师与教育质量——监测2015年全民教育目标全球需求·连载（二）》教师供需：全球及地域趋势（下）

随着初等及中等教育需求多年以来跌宕起伏的发展,教师的数量又是如何变化的呢？从整体上讲,教师队伍自1971年以来发展十分迅猛,但是初等教育阶段的增长到2000年之后便出现了下降趋势。     

论网络社会文学活动要素的变与不变——兼与欧阳友权先生商榷

欧阳友权先生研究网络时代文学发展特殊性的成果及价值是有目共睹的,但网络时代文学发展到今天的实践证明,欧阳先生的理论还是存在时代的局限性和个人的主观性。网络社会文学活动的文学艺术本质不会发生改变,但文学四要素内涵及其关系会发生变化。