男子赛艇运动员与训练有关的有氧无氧能力和激素变化

观察了１５名男子赛艇运动员为期３０周训练中最大做功能力、最大乳酸值、最大摄氧量及心脏形态和功能的变化及相应时期的血清睾酮、游离睾酮、皮质醇的急慢性效应。在以力量训练为主的准备期，变化较小，以专项训练为主的准备期，心功能和有氧能力明显改善。最大负荷后及高强度训练１２周后，血清睾酮降低。提示在不同训练周期中力量—耐力训练应合理安排，有利于发挥机体适应能力。     

补充谷氨酰胺及大强度训练对赛艇运动员细胞免疫机能影响的研究

目的观察8w大强度训练和补充谷氨酰胺对细胞免疫机能的影响，以期为赛艇运动员免疫机能的研究提供参考资料。方法采集陕西省赛艇队公开级二线16名男性运动员实验前后晨安静时静脉血5ml测T淋巴细胞亚群和IL-2。结果H组（谷氨酰胺＋大强度训练组）和C组（大强度训练组）运动员8周大强度训练后IL-2较自身安静时都降低，服用谷氨酰胺组（H组）外周血IL-2下降17．9％（P〉0．05）；C组下降48．5％（P〈0．001）；实验后H组CD3^＋无显著性变化，CD4^_上升7．6％（P〉0．05），CD8^＋下降16．6％（P〈0．05），CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值升高17．3％（P〈0．05）；C组CD3^＋下降（p〈0．05），CD4^＋下降20．6％（P〈0．05），CD8^＋无明显变化，CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值下降21．0％（P〈0．05）。结论8周大强度训练明显抑制赛艇运动员机体细胞免疫功能，补充谷氨酰胺8w可以提高赛艇运动员细胞免疫功能。     

赛艇运动员生化指标的研究进展

对近年国内公开发表的赛艇队员生化指标研究的论文进行综述。结果发现：目前对赛艇队员血色素、尿素氮、肌酸激酶、血乳酸等生化指标研究已有较多科研成果，对免疫和内分泌系统，以及运动员选材、运动营养等方面综合考虑的生化指标研究也有更多地关注和研究。     

“Big Blade”赛艇双桨桨叶性能的试验研究

本文对赛艇刚性“BigBlade”双桨桨叶在循环水槽中进行了试验研究。试验在桨叶的不同攻角、斜角、转角以及不同深度下进行。试验表明：以上参数对桨叶的流体动力性能有较大的影响，桨叶的浸水深度应保持在一定的范围，而转角和斜角应尽量的小。这些结果为教练员运动员进行科学训练提供了理论依据，不同的运动员应根据实际情况调整桨架，保持桨叶的合适深度。     

赛艇皮划艇浮态的计算

本文讨论了赛艇、皮划艇的排水量、湿水面积、浮心的纵向位置等浮态参数的计算和应用。讨论了它们对船艇阻力性能的影响，为运动员配艇和舱位的调整奠定了基础。     

应用神经肌肉电刺激技术发展女子赛艇运动员腰背肌力量

为了探索神经肌肉电刺激技术在赛艇运动训练中的实际应用,我们对浙江女子赛艇队的6名队员进行了为期6周的实验研究,其中3人以治疗腰肌劳损为主要目的,另3人以发展背阔肌力量为目的。经与同期进行正常训练不接受电刺激的对照组8人比较,发现实验组的力量训练效果皆优于对照组,且腰肌劳损组的平均最大卧拉力增长大于背阔肌组。     

划船运动员赛前竞技状态形成负荷强度的控制

运用实验法论证了赛前竞技状态形成的因素以及影响因素。通过掌握赛前训练负荷的重点 ,处理强度性质以及大小的临界值 ,解决竞技能力形成的过程和机制 ,建立较完整的赛前训练模式 ,从而避免出现因赛前训练负荷强度过大、不足或补救措施不及时而造成的训练失败     

划船动力学方程的建立

以赛艇动力学方程为基础,与皮、划艇的操桨模型进行比对,综合归纳出完整而统一的划船动力学方程,揭示了在划船操桨过程中人体质心移动产生人体冲力的力学依据,并指出应用该理论的要点,为划船运动学、划船生物力学的发展提供了理论参考。对划船训练科学化、智能化亦将产生深远影响     

An accurate estimation of the horizontal acceleration of a rower’s centre of mass using inertial sensors: a validation

For a valid determination of a rower’s mechanical power output, the anterior–posterior (AP) acceleration of a rower’s centre of mass (CoM) is required. The current study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the determination of this acceleration using a full-body inertial measurement units (IMUs) suit in combination with a mass distribution model. Three methods were evaluated. In the first two methods, IMU data were combined with either a subject-specific mass distribution or a standard mass distribution model for athletes. In the third method, a rower’s AP CoM acceleration was estimated using a single IMU placed at the pelvis.

Experienced rowers rowed on an ergometer that was placed on two force plates, while wearing a full-body IMUs suit. Correspondence values between AP CoM acceleration based on IMU data (the three methods) and AP CoM acceleration obtained from force plate data (reference) were calculated. Good correspondence was found between the reference AP CoM acceleration and the AP CoM accelerations determined using IMU data in combination with the subject-specific mass model and the standard mass model (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] >?0.988 and normalized root mean square errors [nRMSE]?3.81%). Correspondence was lower for the AP CoM accelerations determined using a single pelvis IMU (0.877?Based on these results, we recommend determining a rower’s AP CoM acceleration using IMUs in combination with the standard mass model. Finally, we conclude that accurate determination of a rower’s AP CoM acceleration is not possible on the basis of the pelvis acceleration only.     

Strapping rowers to their sliding seat improves performance during the start of ergometer rowing

Abstract

Rowers sit on a seat that slides relative to the boat/ergometer. If a rower lifts him or herself from this sliding seat at any time, the seat will move away from under them and the rowing action is disrupted. From a mechanical perspective, it is clear that the need for the rower to remain in contact with the sliding seat at all times imposes position-dependent constraints on the forces exerted at the oar handle and the footstretcher. Here we investigate if the mechanical power output during rowing, which is strongly related to these forces, might be improved if the contact with the sliding seat was of no concern to the rower. In particular, we examine if elimination of these constraints by strapping the rower to the sliding seat leads to an increase in performance during the start on a standard rowing ergometer. Eleven well-trained female rowers performed 5-stroke starts in normal and strapped conditions. Handle force, vertical seat force, footstretcher force, and handle kinematics were recorded, from which mechanical power and work output were calculated. Most of the relevant mechanical variables differed significantly between the normal and strapped conditions. Most importantly, mechanical power output (averaged over the 5-stroke start) in the strapped condition was 12% higher than in the normal condition. We conclude that strapping a rower's pelvis to the sliding seat allows more vigorous execution of the stroke phases, resulting in a substantial improvement in performance during the start of ergometer rowing.