农户的金融需求与中国农村的可持续发展——基于问卷调查的实证研究

满足农户的金融需求是农村金融体系建立的出发点和落脚点之一,是实现农村可持续发展的重要保障。调查显示,农户金融需求呈现多元化、区域性、升级型、不稳定等多重特点,农村信贷约束十分普遍,资本市场、保险市场发展严重滞后,新型农村金融机构可持续性差,严重约束了农村经济的可持续发展。未来一段时期,农村金融改革和发展要重点关注五个方面:农户多元化金融需求、西部地区农户金融覆盖率、农户金融风险、农村民间金融和正规金融的协调发展以及农村金融生态。

Farmers' Financial Needs and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China:Evidence from a Survey

To satisfy farmers’ financial needs is the point of departure for setting up efficient rural financial system; it is also an important guarantee to achieve sustainable development in the rural areas. The results of the questionnaires conducted by the present authors show that (i) farmers’ financial needs are diversified, regional, upgrading and instable; (ii) the rural credit constraints are prevalent; (iii) the development of capital market and insurance market has lagged behind; and (iv) a new rural financial institution is in want of sustainability. All of these restrict seriously the sustainable development of the rural economy. Therefore, the reform and development of rural finance in the future should focus on five aspects: farmers’ diversified financial needs, the financial coverage rate in the western areas, their financial risk, coordinate development of formal finance and informal finance and rural finance ecology.