规律运动干预人类衰老过程的表观遗传学机制研究进展

摘要：人类的衰老过程受DNA编码信息、表观遗传学信息和环境因素的共同调控。DNA编码信息提供了合成生命所必需蛋白质的模板或蓝图，决定着人类的生命历程和最高寿限，而表观遗传学信息则提供了何时、何地以及如何应用DNA编码信息的指令。饮食、药物、体力活动等诸多环境因素可通过改变衰老相关基因的表观遗传学修饰，进而影响基因的开启与关闭，决定着个体寿命的长短。表观遗传学不但搭建起了环境—基因之间的桥梁或中介，而且把人类的寿限与寿命密切地联系在一起。规律运动作为一种环境表观遗传调制器，可在不影响DNA编码的前提下，通过诱导表观遗传学修饰改变调控衰老相关基因的表达水平，在延缓人类衰老进程中发挥着重要作用。本文从影响人类衰老过程的表观遗传调控机制入手，对规律运动在调控衰老过程端粒相关蛋白、脑衰老、糖脂代谢和肿瘤发生发展的表观遗传学机制研究进展进行综述，其目的在于从分子遗传学水平揭示运动干预延缓衰老之谜，为倡导通过增加体力活动实现健康老龄化提供科学依据。

Research Progress in Epigenetic Mechanisms of Effect of Regular Exercise on Human Aging Process

Abstract: The human aging process was regulated by DNA encoding information, epigenetic information and environmental factors. DNA encoding information determined the course of human life and maximum life span by providing template or blueprint of essential proteins in life, while epigenetic information determined when, where and how to utilize DNA encoding information. Environmental factors, such as diet, medications, physical activity level, could regulate the opening and closing of genes and determine the span of individual life by changing epigenetic modifications of aging-related genes. Epigenetic not only built up a bridge between environment and genes, but also strongly?linked human life span to life process. Without affecting the DNA encoding information, regular exercise, as an environmental epigenetic modulator, played an important role in delaying aging process in humans by inducing epigenetic modifications to change expression level of aging-related genes. This paper reviewed research progress of epigenetic mechanisms of effects of regular exercise on telomere-related proteins, glucose and lipid metabolism, brain aging, occurrence and development of tumors in aging process, and discussed the heredity of health effects of regular exercise. This paper was to reveal the mystery of exercise delaying aging process in molecular genetics level and to provide scientific evidence for achieving healthy aging by increasing physical activity.