‘Tidy,toned and fit’: locating healthism within elite athlete programmes

Coaches and athletes have been increasingly inundated with power related ‘truths’ about their bodies, health and performance as they construct their subjectivities. Over the last couple of decades in New Zealand, schools have initiated elite athlete programmes (EAPs) for a select few students based primarily on their athletic ability and fitness levels. Drawing on Gore's techniques of power, my study investigated how healthism and the cult of the body discourses were (re)produced, negotiated and resisted by coaches and elite athletes and how body pedagogies defined and shaped bodies in two high school EAPs. My analysis suggested that ‘toned and fit’ bodies signified responsible athletes compared to ‘fat’ bodies and that elite athletes disciplined their bodies to overcome pain to remain productive. In both EAPs, power circulated at the micro-level of pedagogical practice to normalise and monitor the athletes’ diet, body weight and shape, and reinforced tensions between prudentialism and hedonism.     

房地产税可以充当中国地方税主体税种吗？*--兼论房地产税多重职能的定位

通常认为,缩小财富分配差距、充当地方税主体税种、平抑房价是房地产税被赋予的职能。利用CHNS家户调查微观数据估算不同税率水平下房地产税的收入规模,结果表明现有税率下房地产税收入规模无力充当我国地方税主体税种。采用2004—2013年全国省级面板数据的GMM回归结果显示,地方政府房地产税收收入的提高不会抑制房价,反而将会促使地方政府从“经营企业”向“经营城市”转变,通过大力发展房地产业来获取更多的财政利益。因此,房地产税无论是在现实规模充分性上还是在逻辑合理性上都无法成为我国地方税主体税种,缩小财富分配差距的公平职能才是其唯一的核心职能。因此,应构建征收偏向于高收入群体和高档住宅的房地产税制,并控制房地产税在地方税中所占的比例。     

中国优秀女子赛艇运动员身体指数研究

对中国优秀女子赛艇运动员的身体指数内在规律进行了探索。结果表明:1)中国优秀女子赛艇运动员的身体指数反映了赛艇运动对运动员体格体型特点高度专项化的一般要求。即身材高大健硕、两臂修长、大腿粗壮有力。2)x1(克托莱指数)、x16(大腿围指数)和x2(身高胸围指数)可有效反映中国优秀女子赛艇运动员的综合形态水平。建立的回归方程经回代检验具有较高的可靠性和有效性,可据此预测、评判运动员的综合形态水平。3)中国优秀女子赛艇公开级和轻量级运动员的身体指数在总体上存在着显著性差异。4)本研究建立了由克托莱指数、大腿围指数和身高胸围指数为变量的判别函数,回判检验表明,该函数可有效鉴别运动员的隶属组别,并可对公开级和轻量级运动员的身体指数合理性进行评判。     

钢丝的切变模量与扭转角度关系的研究

研究了钢丝的切变模量随其扭转角度变化而变化的情况,观察到扭转角大于某一角度时,切变模量趋于定值的规律,得出扭摆实验准确测量的方法,此测量方法在其他许多力学实验中也可应用。     

体育院校大学新生生活满意度与身体自尊现状调查与分析

选用《大学生生活满意度评定量表》及《身体自尊量表》,对体育院校大学新生进行问卷调查。结果发现：不同性别体育院校大学新生,身体自尊五项因子存在显著性差异;体育专业与非体育专业的大学新生在客观满意度、生活满意度总分及身体自尊全部五项因子中存在显著性差异;不同录取类别的体育院校大学新生在生活满意度总分因子及身体自尊全部五项因子中存在显著性差异;不同家庭经济状况的体育院校大学新生在客观满意度因子和生活满意度总分因子上有显著性差异;不同生源地的体育院校大学新生在运动能力、身体状况、身体素质和身体自我价值感四项因子中存在显著性差异。生活满意度各因子与身体自尊各因子均呈显著性正相关,且身体状况进入多元回归方程。     

大学生体质量指数（BMI)对血压水平的影响简

目的：探讨大学生人群血压水平与体质量指数（BMI）的相关性.方法：收集广州市6所高校大二学生共6225例的个人资料,对其体重、身高、体质量（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）进行统计学分析,同时对超重肥胖学生采用运动干预措施.结果：肥胖组SBP与DBP分别为（134.2±15.32）mmHg （88.54±9.21） mmHg,超重组SBP与DBP分别为（121.6±12.54） mmHg、（81.63±8.45）mmHg,体质量正常组SBP与DBP分别为（114.6±11.28） mmHg、（72.31±8.11） mmHg,低体质量组SBP与DBP分别为（102.3±10.35） mmHg、（67.21±8.22） mmHg,两两比较具有统计意义差异（P＜0.05）.对体重肥胖组学生进行有氧运动干预后发现,肥胖组学生BMI、SBP、DBP显著低于干预前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.经单因素分析可知,BMI与SBP、DBP呈正相关,与性别、年龄、入学时间无相关性.结论：大学生血压随着BMI的升高而升高,体检过程中可将BMI偏高作为预测肥胖大学生高血压的指标之一;通过对肥胖学生进行有氧运动干预可有效控制学生的血压水平.     

9周课外体育锻炼对高中生身体基本生长发育指标的影响

将随机抽样的高中生分为具有可比性的两组,两组都参加学校规定的体育教学活动,膳食结构相似,实验组每日课外再增加45分钟的运动时间,持续9周,结果显示,进行课外锻炼后,学生的身体基本发育指标和人体成分结构有明显的提高,建议高中生应在课后加强体育锻炼.     

Profile and Motivations of Registered Whole-Body Donors in Turkey: Istanbul University Experience

Little is known regarding the profiles of whole body donors in Muslim majority countries where donation is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to profile registered donors in Turkey by means of a survey. The explored data could be used to improve ongoing campaign efforts and ethical practices such as commemoration services. Registered donors of the donation programs at the two faculties of medicine of Istanbul University were compared with the national population and a cluster analysis was performed to reveal any concealed sub-groups. Data from 188 respondents were analyzed. The majority of registered donors were married (42%), male (65.4%), aged over 50 years (76%), held a tertiary education degree (49.7%), and were irreligious (58.5%). Cluster analysis revealed two groups with significantly different educational levels, marital statuses, and religious choices. Regarding whether their bodies could be used for education or research, the majority (64.5%) of the respondents left the decision to the anatomy department. Similarly, 73.8% approved indefinite use of their organs, body parts and/or skeletons. The respondents were also willing to share their medical history (94.2%) and personal information (81.6%) if needed. Motivational themes for body donation including usefulness, impermanence, religion, awareness, and kinship were devised after a thematic analysis. Among the respondents, 56.5% were registered organ donors and 63.3% were frequent blood donors. The results of this study provide data that may help revising informed consent forms, developing and implementing thanksgiving ceremonies, and selecting additional targets for supporting body donation campaign activities such as organ and blood donation units.     

艺术体操旋转训练仪的研制与应用

根据对艺术体操转体动作的技术特点、动力学模型及生理学基础较为系统的理论分析,研制了艺术体操旋转训练仪,并给出了该仪器的机械系统和电气控制系统的设计原理。在应用方法上,提出了利用主动训练法可以提高艺术体操运动员转体启动阶段获得外界放射性冲量矩的能力,利用被动训练法可以提高运动员转体过程中人体姿态的自身调节能力和运动员前庭器官的稳定性,利用旋转训练仪的旋转速度、启动加速时间及停止减速时间、旋转方向、旋转圈数的不同组合可以探索更为个性化的艺术体操转体训练方法。     

身体权基本范畴研究

对于“身体”的概念，人们通常从语言学、生物学、社会学等维度予以阐释。法律意义上的身体则指自然人的生理组织的物质整体。身体在法律意义上具备“物质基础性”、“完整性与完全性”以及“不可替代性与不可再生性”等特征。身体权则是指自然人维护其身体的完整性与完全性、自由支配其肢体、器官及其他生理组织的人身权利。身体权不隶属于所有权、生命健康权或人格权，是一项独立的民事权利，并与人格权、身份权并列且共同构成完整意义上的人身权制度。规制侵害身体权的行为，应坚持“财产损失全额赔偿”、“精神损害惩罚性赔偿”的双重赔偿原则。