女性科技工作者现状分析——基于第四次全国科技工作者状况调查数据

女性科技工作者作为科技界的"半边天",其状况一直备受关注。通过对第四次全国科技工作者状况调查数据的分析发现,与男性相比,女性科技工作者对"两个一百年"建设目标信心更足;申请科研项目的积极性和部分科研产出有所提高;生活幸福感提升。同时,女性科技工作者职业发展的阻碍不容忽视:与男性相比,女性科技工作者的科研产出和科研项目承担数量较少,可支配科研时间不足,在工作中不受重视的比例更多,能力提升的机会更少。因此,应营造公平的职业发展环境,以促进科技界的性别公平。     

科技造假学术腐败,10余院士下猛药

<正>跑"部"前进、移花接木、论文造假……一件接一件的学术腐败案,一个又一个因造假而被牵扯进来的科技大师,科技界造假日趋严重,让公众再次将目光聚集在这块往日的净土上。科技界道德失衡     

女性主义视阈下中国女性形象的变化

在儒家思想占主导的中国传统社会,女性处于集体无意识、紧贴男性的状态,社会要求女性贤淑端正、自尊自爱。五四新文化运动中,西方女性主义概念"Femi ni sm"被引入中国,女性主义追求女性独立、平等的理念与中国传统的"三纲五常"思想观念发生碰撞,中国女性形象也随之发生变化。本文将中国传统女性形象与受西方女性主义影响后的中国女性形象进行比较,提出在女性主义本土化过程中,我们既不能全盘吸纳、照抄照搬,又不能一味延续传统、故步自封,而是要取长补短,吸收西方女性主义中先进的观点,结合自身实际情况,促进形成具有中国特色的美好女性形象。     

新时代强化科协政治引领探析

《中共中央办公厅关于印发科协系统深化改革实施方案的通知》要求科协"加强政治引领";习近平总书记在中央党的群团工作会议上的讲话要求群团组织"要承担起引导群众听党的话、跟党走的政治任务";中共中央政治局常委、中央书记处书记王沪宁在中国科协成立60周年百名科学家百名基层科技工作者座谈会上的讲话要求中国科协"加强对科技界的政治引领"……新时代强化科协政治引领功能,是以习近平同志为核心的党中央对科协的政治要求和重大决策部署。我们必须把党的政治主张和要求化为科协实际行动,引领广大科技工作者与党同心同德、为夯实党在科技界执政基础、践行新时代党的群众路线奠定牢固基础。     

女性主义关怀伦理学视野下的两性和谐

女性主义伦理学是妇女解放运动的产物,是在对传统伦理学的批判中发展起来的,其目的是批评贬低和歧视女性的伦理理论,建立男女平等的伦理学说。关怀伦理学是当代女性主义伦理学中的重要理论,它从女性的视角,强调人与人之间的责任、情感、关系以及相互关怀,这对于我们主张从意识形态和社会生活实践中实现两性和谐有着非常重要的指导意义。     

女性主观偏好对我国科技界性别分层的影响

 在科技界,男女科学家在产出和地位方面的差异是显著存在的,而且随着年龄的增长,男女科学家发表成果的差别越来越大。对造成男女科学家地位和成就分化原因的研究一直成为研究的焦点。本文在2006-2007年的问卷调查基础上,从科技女性主观价值偏好的视角,对此问题进行了解读。研究发现：主观偏好具有重要的影响;同时,在职业发展的不同阶段,科技女性主观价值取向与男性相比呈现不同的变化趋势。该结果从一个新的角度对我国科技界性别分层现象进行了解释。     

最新学术观点

科技界更需要人文思想 浮躁不踏实是当前科技界最大问题 作为科技工作者,我认为．文化建设不单是指文化界、文艺界,也包括科技界。当前科技界最大的问题,就是浮躁,不踏实。     

现阶段中美“创新”关注点之异同分析——以“上海讨论”和“布鲁金斯讨论”为样本

2010年,白宫的科技智库布鲁金斯研究所就美国"科技创新的障碍在哪里"组织美国科技界进行了一场沙龙;2011年,上海科技界进行了同样主题的一场大讨论。两者各有缘起,但反应了两国科技界及科技产业界同样的关注兴趣。本文通过分析两次讨论的相关记录,分析了两国科技界智库对 "创新"的理解,最终提出现阶段中美两国的"创新"所指有较大的不同。     

科技社团中女性发展现状与对策研究

女性科技人才是促进我国科技与经济社会发展的重要力量。科技社团本应是女性科技人才聚集的地方,但是由于受到科技社团自身发展机制、性别盲视、女性自身和历史等方面问题的影响,科技社团中的女性存在数量比例较低和地位偏低的问题。建议科技社团积极吸纳女性会员,保证女性在科技社团不同层级中占有合适比例,鼓励和倡导在科技社团中设立女科技工作者委员会。     

人与自然关系的新视角--生态女性主义的自然观

生态女性主义对自然的理解与其自然观紧密相关.生态女性主义对社会建构的"自然"概念进行了批判,认为传统上对自然的理解包含了对人与自然主客二分状态和人对自然的统治具有内在合理性的认同.生态女性主义认为自然与人是有机的整体,自然与女性有紧密的联系,在此基础上建构了生态女性主义的自然观.生态女性主义的目标是要解构所有压迫性的概念框架,并重构更加可行的社会和政治形式,实现女性与自然的共同发展,全人类的共同发展.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.