高水平运动员跳马踺子直体后空翻转体360°动作运动学特征的研究

运用运动生物力学高速度摄影影片测量方法，对国际级高水平运动员的踺子直体后空翻转体３６０°跳马动作进行测量，获得了该动作的运动学参数，并进行了运动学分析，为运动训练实践提供了该动作的技术参数及运动技术的生物力学特征     

男子跳马前手翻团身前空翻两周推手技术的运动学研究

本文通过对我国产分优秀男子体操运动跳马“前手翻团身前空翻两周”高难动作的影片解析，揭示出运动员在完成该动作关键技术之一的推手动作阶段的运动学特征与规律，为训练时掌握该动作提供了理论依据与技术参数。     

单杠团身后空翻转体180°越杠再握下摆振浪技术特征及最佳再握条件初探

本文通过对我国优秀运动员完成的单杠团身后空翻转体１８０°越杠再握动作进行了运动学研究，重点揭示了该动作的下摆振浪的技术特征，为提高该动作质量和动作的创新提供理论参考。     

反身翻腾类跳台动作所需的专项素质及训练方法

反身翻腾类动作是在向后翻腾技术的基础上发展而来的，它要求运动员面对跳水池做向后翻腾的动作，由于要在背对跳台做向后翻腾动作的情况下，仅凭体感觉控制离台的距离和安全的完成动作，因此该动作要比其他类动作的危险性大、这就对运动员的本体感觉能力，动作技术及心理素质有更高的要求，无形之中增加了稳定完成该类动作的难度。     

单杠直体特卡切夫与直体转体360°特卡切夫的运动生物力学对比分析

直体特卡切夫和直体转体３６０°特卡切夫是当前本类型动作的最高难度。本文对此动作进行了运动生物力学对比分析，测出该动作主要动作环节的数据，从而对训练具有较高的参考价值。     

关于跨栏步摆动腿技术原理的探讨

本文就跨栏步摆动腿技术动作进行了分析、讨论，提出了该动作技术的规格要求，对教学训练具有较好的参考价值。     

浅谈古典式摔跤抱单臂后倒背摔技术

本文对古典式摔跤抱单臂后倒背摔技术动作进行了分析，以便进一步更好地了解该动作主要参加工作的肌肉，便于正确使用动作，以符合人体运动系统的结构和人体活动规律，充分发挥人体的最大肌力，在训练比赛中能更好地发挥该动作的威力，达到事半功倍的作用。     

浅谈花样游泳垂直冲起动作的教学训练

垂直冲动动作是花样游泳运动中具有一定代表性的专项持有技术动作，它是完成高难度动作前所必须掌握的一种最基本的技术动作。该以花样游泳垂直冲起动作的教学训练方法为研究内容，根据作执教实践中的一些经验体会，就教学训练过程中，如何让运动员尽快掌握并提高动作质量，在教学和训练方面做了研究，重点探讨了关于模仿教学训练和辅助力量训练的几种有效方法手段。     

鱼跃前滚翻的学法探讨

鱼跃前滚翻是体操技巧项目中技术性较强趣味性较浓的动作，且具有极大的锻炼价值和很强的表演性。那么在学习的过程中，初学者该如何把握该动作的学习要点、方法，才能更快更好地掌握技术要领，完成动作呢?     

动作要领分析法的尝试

学生在学习新的技术动作时，传统的教学方法和步骤是：教师讲解动作要领并进行动作示范（包括保护帮助方法、易犯错误及纠正方法与注意事项）→学生进行练习（方法有多种）→完成动作。该方法在实际操作过程中，基本上是任课教师讲解动作要领时照本宣科，从来不去分析动作要领，最多也是反复进行动作示范。而动作要领分析法与传统的教学法区别就在于教师在讲动作要领时还要去分析动作要领，也就是说要经常的去问学生“为什么要这样做”让学生去思考、回答，这既激发了学生的创造性思维，又活跃了课堂气氛，使学生加深了对动作要领的理解，为…     

对不同田径运动项目髋部运动形态的分析

从生物力学和运动解剖学角度,对田径运动跑、跳、投项目的髋部运动形态进行了论述,对跑、跳、投主要技术环节的髋部正确运动形态进行了定性分析.     

Implications of intra-limb variability on asymmetry analyses

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intra-limb variability on the calculation of asymmetry with the purpose of informing future analyses. Asymmetry has previously been quantified for discrete kinematic and kinetic variables; however, intra-limb variability has not been routinely included in these analyses. Synchronized lower-limb kinematic and kinetic data were collected from eight trained athletes (age 22 ± 5 years, mass 74.0 ± 8.7 kg, stature 1.79 ± 0.07 m) during maximal velocity sprint running. Asymmetry was quantified using a modified version of the symmetry angle for selected kinematic and kinetic variables. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between left and right values for each variable were calculated to indicate intra-limb variability relative to between-limb differences. Significant asymmetry was present in only 39% of kinematic variables and 23% of kinetic variables analysed. Large kinetic asymmetry values (>90%) were calculated for some athletes that were not significant, due to large intra-limb variability. Variables that displayed significant asymmetry were athlete-specific. Findings highlight the potential for misleading results if intra-limb variability is not included in asymmetry analyses. The exclusion of asymmetry scores for variables not displaying significant asymmetry will be useful when calculating overall asymmetry for different participants and could be applied to future running gait analyses.     

大负荷跑台训练对大鼠血液流变学的影响

研究大负荷跑台训练对大鼠红细胞的影响,阐明运动性低血色素大鼠血液流变学的变化.12只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(CG)和运动性低血色素组(SG).于运动后5周取材,用血液流变仪测定血液流变学指标,用血涂片观察红细胞形态学指标.结果显示:运动性低血色素组全血黏度和还原黏度均显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而红细胞刚性指数显著高于对照组(P<0.01).血浆黏度两组间无明显差异.血涂片显示运动性低血色素组有较多红细胞碎片.这说明红细胞数量降低和红细胞变形能力下降是引发运动性低血色素的重要原因.     

Asymmetry analysis of the arm segments during forward handspring on floor

Asymmetry in gymnastics underpins successful performance and may also have implications as an injury mechanism; therefore, understanding of this concept could be useful for coaches and clinicians. The aim of this study was to examine kinematic and external kinetic asymmetry of the arm segments during the contact phase of a fundamental skill, the forward handspring on floor. Using a repeated single subject design six female National elite gymnasts (age: 19?±?1.5 years, mass: 58.64?±?3.72?kg, height: 1.62?±?0.41?m), each performed 15 forward handsprings, synchronised 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Asymmetry between the lead and non-lead side arms was quantified during each trial. Significant kinetic asymmetry was observed for all gymnasts (p?相似文献   

女子3人双膝抛直体后空翻两周下抛起动作的动力学和运动学特征

采用高速摄影和3维测力同步方法对技巧女子3人双膝抛直体后空翻两周下动作进行定量测试,旨在揭示该动作的动力学和运动学特征;探讨3人之间的最佳配合技术特点。结果表明:抛起阶段两底座垂直支撑反力曲线形状为双峰型,最大峰值约为两底座体重之和的两倍,底座在抛起时相身体各部位用力表现为一定的顺序性,先是以腰、髋、膝发力为主,然后是以肩、肘、腕发力。尖子蹬伸时机比底座晚。     

运动疲劳过程中肌电图耗氧量及积分肌点耗氧量的变化

动、静力运动疲劳发展过程中积分肌电图（ＩＥＭＧ）显示：在静力疲劳过程中逐渐上升、动力运动则有波动，但两者的总趋势一致；静力运动疲劳发展过程中ＶＯ２几乎呈线性上升，动力运动时前几分钟迅速上升，以后缓慢上升，近于平台；ＶＯ２和ＩＥＭＧ比值在动静力运动疲劳发展过程中变化不同，反映了两种工作方式的疲劳机制不同。     

Consistency of kinematic and kinetic patterns during a prolonged spell of cricket fast bowling: an exploratory laboratory study

Due to the high incidence of lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers, international cricket organisations advocate limits on workload for bowlers under 19 years of age in training/matches. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant changes in either fast bowling technique or movement variability could be detected throughout a 10-over bowling spell that exceeded the recommended limit. Twenty-five junior male fast bowlers bowled at competition pace while three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected for the leading leg, trunk and bowling arm. Separate analyses for the mean and within-participant standard deviation of each variable were performed using repeated measures factorial analyses of variance and computation of effect sizes. No substantial changes were observed in mean values or variability of any kinematic, kinetic or performance variables, which instead revealed a high degree of consistency in kinematic and kinetic patterns. Therefore, the suggestion that exceeding the workload limit per spell causes technique- and loading-related changes associated with lumbar injury risk is not valid and cannot be used to justify the restriction of bowling workload. For injury prevention, the focus instead should be on the long-term effect of repeated spells and on the fast bowling technique itself.     

背越式跳高起跳过程的动力学分析

应用运动生物力学原理,分析背越式跳高在弧线助跑起跳过程中人体能量的变化原因,提出:除了助跑动能之外,在起跳过程中伴随较大的肌肉群弹性势能的释放也是起跳能量的重要来源之一;进一步分析运动员起跳过程身体重心向上运动的平动动能和绕质心转动的转动动能,其中的每一份能量都是完成背越式跳高动作所不能缺少的。从而为教练员更好发挥运动员起跳过程能量,提高运动成绩提供参考。     

周红发球技术特征的解析

通过对周红发球时身体主要关节声、（肩、肘、腕）运动轨迹解析，找出击球时鞭打动作的特征及其球速快的缘由．特征是以腰为轴，以肩、肘、腕三节鞭打的动作，使手腕获得较大的加速度、其他队员多是以肩为轴的肘、腕二节鞭打动作．     

The Kinematics and Kinetics of the Running Pattern of Two-, Four-, and Six-Year-Old Children

Abstract

Selected kinematic and kinetic variables in the running pattern of 2-, 4-, and 6-year-old children were investigated. Cinematographic records and force-plate tracings were used to study the running patterns of the 28 Caucasian subjects, 15 male and 13 female. A 2 × 3 (sex × age) factorial analysis of variance was used to determine whether effects of variation between and within age and sex factors for each of the dependent variables of selected kinematic (displacement and velocity) and kinetic (ground reaction force) variables were significant. The running speeds improved with age. Although height and weight gains influenced the improvement shown in performance, certain biomechanical variables also contributed to the development of the running pattern. In the majority of the selected kinematic and kinetic variables there were significant differences between the 2-year-old group and the other two groups. Where there were significant differences in the variables, the differences tended to be in displacement, velocity, and magnitude of force measures, rather than in time of occurrence measures. Significant differences between male and female subjects appeared in five kinematic variables related to the swing leg.