巴黎释意学派口译过程三角模型研究

释意学派创始人Danica Seleskovitch教授认为：口译过程包括源语理解/阐释、意义“脱离源语语言外壳”和目的语表达这三个步骤,它们构成了一个三角形的信息处理过程。本文追溯了释意学派口译模型形成的过程,认为：它的诞生展示了释意学派大胆的学术创新精神,加速了国际口译研究的认知心理学转向,并为后续口译信息处理模型的诞生提供了借鉴和参考;但是该模型对释意学派“脱离源语语言外壳假说”轻描淡写,对口译信息处理的具体路径和方式也避而不谈。基于此,文章根据认知心理学信息处理理论,认为口译的信息处理是由控制性与自动化加工联手、串行和并行处理配合、自上而下同自下而上的加工方式共同参与完成的。     

从释意理论看隐喻的理解与表达

巴黎释意学派认为,口译的本质在于释出语言外在形式中的意义。他们提出的口译(翻译)的主要程序是:原语理解、脱离原语语言外壳和译语表达。隐喻在日常生活中无处不在,不仅是在语言,而且在思想和行动中。隐喻的实质是用另一类事物来理解和经历某类事物。本文运用巴黎释意学派建立的翻译过程的三大程序来对隐喻的理解和表达进行一些探索。     

释意理论关照下的日语口译

巴黎释意学派,又称达意理论,是一个探讨口译与非文学文本笔译原理的重要学派。谈派理论认为,翻译的对象不是语言,而是借助语言表达的意义。释意学派理论的分析体系是建立在对口译实践的研究基础上的,其核心内容"脱离原语言外壳",使翻译的理论研究在内容和过程上都有突破性的进展;当从语言和文化的双重视角重新审视翻译时,对翻译本身和口译有了新的思考。本文从释意学派的理论特点出发,探讨了日语口译及日语口译中出现的问题。     

口译的释意及释意训练

释意学派的口译理论认为口译包括三个主要程序:原语理解、脱离原语语言外壳和译语表达,而使三个程序形成工作链的是"意义",口译过程就是释意过程。本文运用该理论对记者招待会口译实例进行释意性的评述和分析,并据此探讨口译释意训练的主线、核心和方法。     

释意理论视阙下的口译过程研究

法国释意学派将口译程序概括为理解,脱离语言外壳和表达三个阶段,提出成功的翻译应该是语篇层次上的翻译,表现为源语和译语在整体交际意义上的等值。口译是一种跨文化交际活动,用释意理论来指导口译交际过程,对成功应对跨文化交际中的文化障碍有一定的启示作用。     

释意理论视阙下的口译过程研究

法国释意学派将口译程序概括为理解,脱离语言外壳和表达三个阶段,提出成功的翻译应该是语篇层次上的翻译,表现为源语和译语在整体交际意义上的等值。口译是一种跨文化交际活动,用释意理论来指导口译交际过程,对成功应对跨文化交际中的文化障碍有一定的启示作用。     

释意理论下口译译员的思维变换过程

释意理论是口译的核心理论,它将口译分为了三个基本过程-理解,脱离语言外壳,表达。本文从释意理论的角度出发分析和阐释了口译译员从听辨理解到记忆和表达的思维变换过程和口译能力的表现;并结合口译的特点和语言的特点提出了对于口译译员的要求和能力的发展方法。     

释意理论框架下探究汉英口译水平的影响机制

产生于20世纪60年代的法国释意理论是口译届经久不衰的重要理论,该理论认为翻译的目的应该为传递意思,亦即交际意义。口译并非基于译员对原讲话人语言的记忆,而是基于对原讲话人所传递的交际意义的把握,译员随后用目标语言对该交际意义进行重组。该理论把口译程序分为三个阶段:"理解"、"脱离原语言外壳"及"表达"。本文在释意理论的视域下,对高校学生汉英口译过程中经常遇到的问题进行调研总结,试找出影响学生口译水平的机制,分析各机制在释意理论中所谈到的三个阶段中的作用位置,并讨论如何让这些机制对学生的口译学习产生积极影响。     

口译过程中误译的主要原因及对策

文章从释意学派的理论出发,分析口译过程中出现误译的主要原因及对策。释意理论将口译分为三个阶段:理解、脱离原语言外壳(deverbalisation)和重新表达。译者若在此三个环节中的任何一环做得不够的话,就有可能在实际的口译过程中出现误译的现象。故本文将释意理论与具体实例相结合,就产生误译的原因进行探讨并且提出相应的对策,以期抛砖引玉。     

释意理论在国际会议口译中的指导意义研究

本文主要讨论了释意理论在国际会议口译中的指导意义,并通过介绍国际会议口译的特点,指出了释意理论理解、脱离原语语言外壳、重新表达三个步骤对国际会议的指导作用,并分别举例说明了具体翻译策略和技巧,旨在为国际会议口译提供借鉴。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

钱生钱!

我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了     

Inequalities for inscribed simplexes

The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.