家兔肝脏组织结构的研究

通过石蜡切片法和显微摄影技术研究家免肝脏组织结构，结果表明家兔肝脏实质由肝小叶和门管区组成，肝小叶包括肝细胞、肝血寞和中央静脉。门管区包括小叶间动脉、小叶间静脉、小叶间胆管和结缔组织．肝小叶体积小且数目多，其中肝细胞排列规则、成索，肝血窭、中央静脉发达；门管区明显、数目多、区域小，其中小叶间动脉、小叶间静脉、小叶间胆管清晰易辨别，结缔组织少量。     

海鳗肝脏的组织学研究

采用光镜技术研究海鳗肝脏的显微结构，结果表明：海鳗肝内结缔组织较少，肝小叶不明显．中央静脉不规则，肝细胞索单行或双行以中央静脉为中心呈放射状排列，肝血窦不规则．肝门管区不典型，仍可找到伴行的小叶间动脉、小叶问静脉和小叶间胆管．肝细胞较大，呈多边形，细胞间分界明显．细胞质丰富，细胞核为圆形或卵圆形，可见双核。     

猞猁和豹猫肝脏结构的观察比较及AQP-8在肝脏中的表达

利用生物显微技术对猞猁(Felis lynx)和豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)肝脏进行了比较,应用免疫组织化学方法检测了水通道蛋白-8(AQP-8)在肝脏中的表达情况.结果显示,与多数哺乳类相似,猞猁和豹猫的肝脏外被覆一层结缔组织薄膜,肝小叶的界限不清楚,中央静脉周围放射状排列着肝板、肝血窦及狄氏间隙,单层排肝细胞构成肝板,在门管区可清晰观察到小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉和小叶间胆管豹猫肝小叶的肝细胞排列较猞猁的规则,但肝细胞的直径较猞猁的小.猞猁肝细胞间比较松散,肝血窦较豹猫的发达.猞猁肝脏AQP-8的表达较豹猫的强烈.结果表明,猞猁和豹猫肝脏的组织结构及肝脏AQP-8在肝脏的表达与其生活习性相适应.     

三种雉科鸟类肺的比较研究

利用生物显微技术对雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)、鹧鸪(Francolinus pintadeanus)及鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)的肺进行了比较,结果显示:雉鸡、鹧鸪及鹌鹑的肺与大多数鸟类相似,主要由各级支气管及其周围的呼吸毛细管组成,肺房围绕三级支气管呈辐射状排列,呼吸毛细管相互吻合成网状,周围有丰富的毛细血管网。鹌鹑肺的三级支气管、肺房、呼吸毛细管的平均直径最大,雉鸡的次之,鹧鸪的最小。     

花背蟾蜍肝脏胚后发育的组织学观察

介绍了花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei stranch)肝脏胚后发育的特征.结果表明:花背蟾蜍的肝脏在胚胎前期开始发育,后逐渐完善.第26期肝细胞索已形成,血窦腔较大.第28到30期肝细胞的数量增加,肝细胞体积增大,血窦体积减小.第32期肝细胞排列较规整,细胞内出现空泡.第34到37期肝细胞排列致密,细胞的空泡逐渐增加,小叶间胆管和小叶间静脉清晰可见.第39期与成体很相似,肝小叶较易区分,肝细胞索排列规则,肝细胞内空泡消失.表明花背蟾蜍肝脏胚后发育的特征与其功能是相适应的.     

毛腿沙鸡部分组织器官的显微观察

为了搞清毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)组织器官的结构特征,为动物学研究和生理学研究提供基础资料,利用组织学方法对毛腿沙鸡的肺、肝脏、胰腺及消化道进行了观察.结果表明:肺与大多数鸟类相似,主要由各级支气管及其周围的呼吸毛细管组成,肺房围绕三级支气管呈辐射状排列,呼吸毛细管相互吻合成网状,周围有丰富的毛细血管网.肝小叶分界不清且不规则,围绕中央静脉,肝细胞2～7个成团或两层肝细胞组成不连续的肝细胞索呈放射状排列.消化管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜组成.各部主要区别在于粘膜层不同:食管粘膜为复层扁平柱状上皮,胃、小肠和直肠上皮为单层柱状上皮.管壁皱襞的形态、腺体分布情况、肌层的相对厚度等在消化道各部也存在差异.     

雉鸡、鹧鸪及鹌鹑肾组织结构比较研究

利用显微技术对雉鸡（Phasianus colchicus）、鹧鸪（Francolinus pintadeanus）及鹌鹑（Coturnix coturnix）的肾进行了比较.结果显示：与大多数鸟类相似,肾由许多肾小叶构成,皮质与髓质分界不明显,主要由许多肾单位、集合管和少量的结缔组织组成.肾单位由一个肾小体和一个与其连接的肾小管构成.肾小体体积小,数量多;肾小球结构简单,由一团蟠曲的毛细血管构成.近曲小管上皮细胞游离面有刷状缘,远曲小管和集合管管腔较大,腔面无刷状缘.鹧鸪的肾小球、近曲小管及远曲小管的数量均高于雉鸡和鹌鹑,表明鹧鸪的肾较鹌鹑和雉鸡的肾具有更强的尿液浓缩功能,但需进一步研究.     

腹腔注射四氯化碳建立大鼠肝纤维化模型

腹腔注射四氯化碳(Carbon Tetrachloride,CCl4)构建大鼠肝纤维化模型,追踪观察模型大鼠病理组织学改变,为临床研究提供可靠的实验模型。模型组雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠按1.0 ml/kg剂量腹腔注射40%CCl4-橄榄油混悬液,每周3次,共计8周;对照组同时腹腔注射等量的生理盐水。于给药1~4、6、8周末每组随机取6只大鼠肝脏,肉眼观察肝脏组织大体改变,经HE和Masson染色观察肝脏病理学改变。肝脏组织光镜下显示:模型组给药第2周肝细胞发生脂肪变性;第4周肝组织局部形成假小叶,门管区有大量纤维细胞聚集;第6~8周肝组织出现大面积假小叶,建模成功率高达88.3%。采用多点、密集的腹腔注射方法可更有效地建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,为临床提供可靠的研究模型。     

肝硬化腹水食疗谱

肝硬化是临床常见的慢性进行性肝病,由一种或多种病因长期或反复作用形成的弥漫性肝损害。在我国大多数为肝炎后肝硬化,少部分为酒精性肝硬化和血吸虫性肝硬化。病理组织学上有广泛的肝细胞坏死、残存肝细胞结节性再生、结缔组织增生与纤维隔形成,导致肝小叶结构破坏和假小叶形成,肝脏逐渐变形、     

滇池微囊藻毒素对小鼠肝脏的毒性研究

为了解滇池微囊藻毒素对小鼠肝脏的损伤作用,提取滇池水华水样中微囊藻毒素对小鼠进行连续灌胃试验,之后取肝组织石蜡包埋、HE染色,观察小鼠肝脏组织显微结构.结果显示：小鼠肝脏充血、肿胀;微囊藻毒素使小鼠肝脏组织的显微结构出现异常变化,肝细胞索结构破坏,肝血窦明显扩张,部分肝细胞胞质溶解、核消失,病灶内有大量炎症细胞浸润.表明微囊藻毒素具有肝毒性,可破坏肝小叶的完整性,抑制肝脏的合成与解毒功能.     

^125I在鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix中的吸收动态及其分布

利用同位素示踪法研究了125I(NaI)在鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix中的吸收动态及其分布.鹌鹑对经口喂的125I的吸收过程可以分为快清除期和平台期,0～1 d为快清除期,在这期间,鹌鹑快速的排出进入体内的125I.1～7 d为平台期,鹌鹑体内的125I维持在一个相对恒定的平台,此时体内的放射性活度占起始活度的10%～15%,表明鹌鹑能利用部分进入体内的碘.进入体内的125I主要分布于甲状腺中,5 h时125I在甲状腺中的比活度高达6180 060Bq·g-1,约占体内总量的75%～80%.     

Effects of tactile stimulation on the initiation and maintenance of the following response in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Effects of tactile contact with an imprinting stimulus object on the initiation and maintenance of the following response in neonatal Japanese quail,Coturnix coturnix japonica, were examined. Tactile contact with an imprinting stimulus object was permitted during a preexposure period and/or during a following test. Results indicated that following was stronger when tactile contact was permitted during either the preexposure or test periods than when such contact was not given. Following occurred sooner when contact was permitted during the preexposure period than during following only, or when no contact was permitted. The greatest strength of following occurred when tactile stimulation was permitted during both preexposure and testing periods. It was concluded that the results support the hypothesis that tactile stimulation can facilitate both the initiation and maintenance of following behavior, and this is interpreted as being consistent with Schneirla’s (1965) theory.     

Stimulus generalization of an illness-induced aversion to different intensities of colored water in Japanese quail

After quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) experienced a toxicosis following ingestion of water colored dark blue or light blue, the stimulus generalization of the aversion to light, medium, and dark blue water was investigated. Birds made ill following ingestion of dark blue water demonstrated a reduced aversion when tested with intensities of blue water weaker than the conditioning intensity. Birds made ill following ingestion of light blue water showed stronger aversions as a function of increasing test intensity, suggesting a stimulus intensity dynamism effect. The stimulus generalization and stimulus-intensity dynamism effects observed in this study where visual cues were used is in agreement with other results within the illness-induced aversions paradigm where rats were tested with varying concentrations of a gustatory stimulus.     

Tonic immobility in Japanese quail can reduce the probability of sustained attack by cats

In a two-choice experiment, cats (Felis domesticus) chose an active quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) more often than a quail in tonic immobility (TI). In a second experiment, cats were individually presented with two active quail in an open field. Holding and biting by the cat, particularly about the neck, was necessary for inducing TI in a bird. Overall, the total time spent by a cat in stalking, attacking, and handling a bird was inversely related to the total time spent in TI by the bird. These results support the hypothesis that TI is a terminal defense mechanism elicited by predator contact. TI apparently eliminates the movement stimuli that sustain further attack.     

两种病原菌感染后海鳗肝脏的组织病理学研究

用鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）和嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）分别感染海鳗（Muraenesox cinereus）,48h后取样,光镜观察肝脏组织结构在感染前后的变化．结果表明：与对照组相比,海鳗感染嗜水气单胞菌后,肝细胞索排列紊乱,血窦扩张,肝细胞肿大并空泡化,部分肝细胞破裂,细胞轮廓模糊不清．感染鳗弧菌者较感染嗜水气单胞菌者病变现象更明显,肝细胞多数破裂,细胞核圊缩、破裂、溶解,只剩下肝组织结构的网状支架和细胞碎片．