三种雉科鸟类肝脏的比较研究

利用生物显微技术对雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)、鹧鸪(Francolinus pintadeanus)及鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)的肝脏进行了比较,结果显示:与大多数鸟类相似,鹧鸪和鹌鹑的肝小叶分解不清,肝细胞成索状或团块状围绕中央静脉呈放射状排列,门管区不明显.雉鸡肝小叶的肝细胞排列较为规则,肝细胞索呈索状围绕中央静脉放射状排列,门管区的小叶间动脉和小叶间静脉清晰可见.从鹌鹑到鹧鸪再到雉鸡肝占体重的比例呈减小趋势,肝细胞直径呈增大趋势.结果表明雉鸡的肝脏与鹧鸪和鹌鹑的肝脏相比可能较为完善,但需进一步研究.     

毛腿沙鸡部分组织器官的显微观察

为了搞清毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)组织器官的结构特征,为动物学研究和生理学研究提供基础资料,利用组织学方法对毛腿沙鸡的肺、肝脏、胰腺及消化道进行了观察.结果表明:肺与大多数鸟类相似,主要由各级支气管及其周围的呼吸毛细管组成,肺房围绕三级支气管呈辐射状排列,呼吸毛细管相互吻合成网状,周围有丰富的毛细血管网.肝小叶分界不清且不规则,围绕中央静脉,肝细胞2～7个成团或两层肝细胞组成不连续的肝细胞索呈放射状排列.消化管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜组成.各部主要区别在于粘膜层不同:食管粘膜为复层扁平柱状上皮,胃、小肠和直肠上皮为单层柱状上皮.管壁皱襞的形态、腺体分布情况、肌层的相对厚度等在消化道各部也存在差异.     

雉鸡、鹧鸪及鹌鹑肾组织结构比较研究

利用显微技术对雉鸡（Phasianus colchicus）、鹧鸪（Francolinus pintadeanus）及鹌鹑（Coturnix coturnix）的肾进行了比较.结果显示：与大多数鸟类相似,肾由许多肾小叶构成,皮质与髓质分界不明显,主要由许多肾单位、集合管和少量的结缔组织组成.肾单位由一个肾小体和一个与其连接的肾小管构成.肾小体体积小,数量多;肾小球结构简单,由一团蟠曲的毛细血管构成.近曲小管上皮细胞游离面有刷状缘,远曲小管和集合管管腔较大,腔面无刷状缘.鹧鸪的肾小球、近曲小管及远曲小管的数量均高于雉鸡和鹌鹑,表明鹧鸪的肾较鹌鹑和雉鸡的肾具有更强的尿液浓缩功能,但需进一步研究.     

飞进诗文里的鹧鸪

鹧鸪是产于我国南方的一种珍禽,形似鸡,头如鹌鹑,背腹部有黑白两色相杂,脚黄色。其叫声咕咕,人们形容说是“行不得也哥哥。”鹧鸪大量出现在古诗词中,如唐代的李涉、李珣、郑谷,宋代的苏轼、辛弃疾,元代的萨都刺等,都借鹧鸪抒写了丰富深沉的情感内容,使鹧鸪具有了某种固定的意象功能。     

浅谈歌唱中的呼吸

人的呼吸是多种多样的,就单纯歌唱状态下的呼吸来讲,呼吸器官包括鼻腔、口腔、咽喉、气管、左支气管、右支气管、右肺、左肺。运用好你的呼吸,是歌唱中的关键所在。     

成人罕见气管异物1例

1 病例介绍 患者男,70岁。2h前病人在口含钢钉作业时不慎发生误吸,当时出现剧烈咳嗽及胸痛,同外院急诊转入我院。查体:病人痛苦病容,肺部听诊左肺呼吸音稍弱。X光片提示左支气管内有一金属异物影。入院诊断:左支气管异物。入院后立即在局麻下行支气管镜检及异物取出术。术中发现患者会厌薄软,声门暴露困难。经喉部镜检失败。改行气管切开并经气管切开口钳取异物。因异物下端(钉帽)与周围组织发生嵌顿,上端(钉尖)游离,表面有大量粘液,异物钳与异物接触时多次发生滑脱,并造成异物方向改变,钉尖插入气管粘膜内,加大异物取出难度。后来在异物钳前端加用橡胶套,增加其与异物的摩擦     

古诗词中的鹧鸪意象

语文教材中选入了李白的诗《越中览古》,诗人借“鹧鸪”这个意象抒发了昔盛今衰的感慨。诗中的鹧鸪和杜鹃、鸳鸯、鸿雁等一样,都是古诗词中常见的禽鸟意象。鹧鸪是产于我国南方的一种飞禽,形似母鸡,头如鹌鹑,背腹部有黑白两色相杂,脚黄色。其鸣为“钩辀格磔”,俗以为极似“行不得也哥哥”,成为迁客骚人所歌咏的对象。鹧鸪大量出现在古诗词中,如唐代的李涉、李珣、郑谷,宋代的苏轼、辛弃疾,元代的萨都剌等,都借鹧鸪抒写了丰富深沉的情感内容,使鹧鸪具有了某种固定的意象功能。鹧鸪作为一种意象,在送别诗中经常见到,借以渲染和烘托离愁别绪。…     

浅析声系教学与气息训练

声系教学首先要解决呼吸问题,如果能较好地控制和调节呼吸压力的大小、呼吸气势的强弱等,这种呼吸才是我们歌唱发声的动力。 (一)呼吸器官的结构与功能 从医学角度讲,从鼻到肺是一个呼吸系统;从呼吸角度来看,肺是体内、体外气体交换的场所,声带是呼吸的闸门,支气管、气管、喉、咽、口、鼻腔是呼吸的通道。按发声功能来说,肺是发声的动力器官,声带是作为声源的振动体,鼻、口、咽、喉、气管等腔道则是对声音共振扩大和加工改造的效应器。     

音乐教学随笔二题

呼吸是人们赖以生存的基本条件之一.我们日常呼吸比较平稳、比较浅,气息从鼻口吸入经过咽喉气管、支气管等,分布于左右肺叶的肺气泡中,紧接着把肺气泡中的旧气排出便完成了一次呼吸,这样每次呼吸仅要三秒钟左右.     

肺内的血管

肺内具有两套血管系统。一套是肺循环血管系统。肺动脉从右心室发出后随支气管经肺门入肺。其分支与支气管树伴行,最后形成包绕于肺泡壁上的毛细血管网。在这里,由于肺泡和呼吸性细支气管内的氧分压比毛细血管的六,而二氧化碳的分压比毛细血管的小,所以氧进入毛细血管,二氧化碳从毛细血管出来,进入肺泡。毛细血管网再逐渐汇合成小静脉,最后汇合成肺静脉,回源至左心房。这套血管系统的功能是进行气体交换作用。另一套血管系统属体循环的一部分,包括支气管动脉、毛细血管网及支气管静脉。支气     

^125I在鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix中的吸收动态及其分布

利用同位素示踪法研究了125I(NaI)在鹌鹑Coturnix coturnix中的吸收动态及其分布.鹌鹑对经口喂的125I的吸收过程可以分为快清除期和平台期,0～1 d为快清除期,在这期间,鹌鹑快速的排出进入体内的125I.1～7 d为平台期,鹌鹑体内的125I维持在一个相对恒定的平台,此时体内的放射性活度占起始活度的10%～15%,表明鹌鹑能利用部分进入体内的碘.进入体内的125I主要分布于甲状腺中,5 h时125I在甲状腺中的比活度高达6180 060Bq·g-1,约占体内总量的75%～80%.     

Stimulus generalization of an illness-induced aversion to different intensities of colored water in Japanese quail

After quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) experienced a toxicosis following ingestion of water colored dark blue or light blue, the stimulus generalization of the aversion to light, medium, and dark blue water was investigated. Birds made ill following ingestion of dark blue water demonstrated a reduced aversion when tested with intensities of blue water weaker than the conditioning intensity. Birds made ill following ingestion of light blue water showed stronger aversions as a function of increasing test intensity, suggesting a stimulus intensity dynamism effect. The stimulus generalization and stimulus-intensity dynamism effects observed in this study where visual cues were used is in agreement with other results within the illness-induced aversions paradigm where rats were tested with varying concentrations of a gustatory stimulus.     

Tonic immobility in Japanese quail can reduce the probability of sustained attack by cats

In a two-choice experiment, cats (Felis domesticus) chose an active quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) more often than a quail in tonic immobility (TI). In a second experiment, cats were individually presented with two active quail in an open field. Holding and biting by the cat, particularly about the neck, was necessary for inducing TI in a bird. Overall, the total time spent by a cat in stalking, attacking, and handling a bird was inversely related to the total time spent in TI by the bird. These results support the hypothesis that TI is a terminal defense mechanism elicited by predator contact. TI apparently eliminates the movement stimuli that sustain further attack.     

Effects of tactile stimulation on the initiation and maintenance of the following response in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Effects of tactile contact with an imprinting stimulus object on the initiation and maintenance of the following response in neonatal Japanese quail,Coturnix coturnix japonica, were examined. Tactile contact with an imprinting stimulus object was permitted during a preexposure period and/or during a following test. Results indicated that following was stronger when tactile contact was permitted during either the preexposure or test periods than when such contact was not given. Following occurred sooner when contact was permitted during the preexposure period than during following only, or when no contact was permitted. The greatest strength of following occurred when tactile stimulation was permitted during both preexposure and testing periods. It was concluded that the results support the hypothesis that tactile stimulation can facilitate both the initiation and maintenance of following behavior, and this is interpreted as being consistent with Schneirla’s (1965) theory.     

Lung surfactant

Lung surfactant, a lipo-protein complex, is a highly surface-active material found in the fluid lining the air-liquid interface of the alveolar surface. Surfactant plays a dual function of preventing alveolar collapse during breathing cycle and protection of the lungs from injuries and infections caused by foreign bodies and pathogens. Varying degrees of structure-function abnormalities of surfactant have been associated with obstructive lung diseases, respiratory infections, respiratory distress syndromes, interstitial lung diseases, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and smoking. For some pulmonary conditions, especially respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant therapy is on the horizon.     

Gender and learning: Does emotion make a difference?

Research into learning at the tertiary level has paid little attention to emotional factors in learning. In this study, emotions experienced in classrooms are examined through written narratives, using the methodology of Memory-Work. The experiences, reflections and writings of the women taking part indicate the centrality of relationships in the construction of beliefs about themselves as learners, and the persistence of such beliefs through to adulthood and tertiary education. The findings suggest that emotionally-laden beliefs and behaviours, which are inextricably bound up with cognition, profoundly influence learning at tertiary level.Particularly powerful for women are emotions associated with being affirmed and being shamed. Conflicting discourses of caring and competitiveness, compliance and rebellion, and silence and risktaking, have their roots in pride and shame. These emotions are basic organising themes around which well-being is constructed. They are powerful motivators in tertiary learning, and if, as it appears, they are constructed differently for men and women, both emotion and gender are significant factors in learning.     

舒芬太尼在老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的：探讨舒芬太尼在老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的麻醉效果。方法：180例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的老年患者随机分为3组：芬太尼组（F组芬太尼用量20μg/kg）,舒芬太尼1组（S1组舒芬太尼用量为0.5μg/kg）,舒芬太尼2组（S2组舒芬太尼用量为1μg/kg）。比较3组患者镇静后10 min时、麻醉诱导即时、气管插管后3 min、二氧化碳气腹、二氧化碳气腹15 min、手术结束时的SBP、DBP。推算MBP、HR、ECG、SpO2。观察患者手术结束时到自主呼吸恢复时间、初醒时间,气导管拔出的时间及拔管时患者SBP、DBP。推算MBP、HR、ECG、SpO2和并发症发生情况。结果：S1组和S2组两组患者在气管插管,二氧化碳气腹前后血流动力学波动较小,而F组患者的波动相对较大。S1,S2组间比较,差异无统计学意义;S1组与F组比较自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、气导管拔出的时间,差异无统计学意义。拔管时患者SBP、DBP、MBP、HR,S1组血流动力学更加平稳,且术后并发症明显减少,与F组比较,差异有统计学意义;但S2组自主呼吸恢复时间明显延长,部分患者需要加用阿片类药物拮抗药,使用拮抗药后部分患者有烦躁、不自主体动等并发症,与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论：老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术采用舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg,能良好的控制因气管插管,二氧化碳气腹导致的应急反应,维护血流动力学的平稳,同时不影响患者术后的苏醒。