浅谈我国当前大学武术教学中散打的开展与有效实施

散打教学是大学武术教学中的重要内容,是开展大学武术教学,锻炼大学生体能、提高大学生身体素质的重要课程。在大学中,开展散打教学不仅能够丰富武术课堂教学内容,完善武术教学体系,还能够有效传承我国优秀传统文化,发扬武术精神,实现武术文化的发展。本文简要阐述了在大学武术教学中开展散打教学的必要价值与散打教学对于当前大学生的培养价值,分析了在大学武术教学中开展散打教学的现存问题,对在大学武术教学中开展散打教学的具体策略进行深入探究。     

关于开展非体育类大学生散打竞赛的可行性研究

武术散打是竞技武术的重要组成部分。区别于武术套路竞赛的特点就是两人之间直接采用攻防技术、斗志斗勇以战胜对手。在非体育类大学生中间开展散打竞赛既能促进大学生身心的健康发展,也能培养大学生顽强拼搏的意志品质和爱国主义热情。对大学生的素质教育和终身体育锻炼都将会起到积极的促进作用。     

广西武术散打项目现状调查分析与对策研究

文章运用文献研究法、问卷调查法和数据统计法,对广西武术散打项目现状进行相关调查与分析,旨在为广西武术散打的快速良性发展及人才资源的合理利用献计献策;为广西武术散打项目健康发展提供理论依据。调查结果显示:广西武术散打竞技水平在国内处于较低水平,各市水平差别较大;教练员整体素质和专业水平低是影响广西武术散打运动发展的主要因素,同时,高水平的训练、比赛环境、裁判队伍、经费等问题也是制约广西武术散打运动发展的重要因素。     

试论武术散打的可持续发展

运用文献资料等方法分析我国武术散打现存问题,探讨其可持续发展战略。随着散打运动国际化进程的不断加快,我国散打面临着严峻的挑战和考验,因此要把保护散打现役运动员、改良和强化散打综合技战术、加强后备人才培养等作为武术散打可持续发展战略,并重点加以实施。此外,要扩展武术散打运动的群众基础,提高大众对中华武术的认识,促进对武术散打运动的传承。     

散打俱乐部式练习对大学生体质健康影响的研究

文章旨在通过对散打以课外俱乐部形式的开展对大学生体质健康影响的研究，揭示散打俱乐部式练习对学生体质健康的作用，为旨在通过散打练习提高身体健康水平的俱乐部成员提供指导性建议。     

武术散打的健身养生价值应用分析

文章通过对武术散打的健身养生功能分析,阐释了武术散打在健身养生中的价值应用。目的在于为探求武术散打教学训练的健康内涵和养生价值,揭示人体技击运动与自然社会和谐发展的规律,为提高人们的生活质量做出贡献。结论认为:武术散打训练能够提升人体机能、素质,但在养生价值上的应用尚需开发,需借鉴练养结合的传统技击,从而达到康强的健康要求,实现“天人合一”及和谐健康的养生观。     

武术段位融入高校散打课程的实践研究

段位制是一种区分武术水平的标准。在我国高校体育教学改革中,已经将其纳入高校体育教学范畴。武术段位制在教学中的推广,能够全面而客观地评估武术学习者的武术水平,它将成为现代武术事业发展的重要载体。散打是高校重要的体育课程,在散打课程教学中融入武术段位制,将成为高校体育教学改革的重要尝试。文章通过推广应用武术段位制,并与高校散打教学特点相结合,深度探索“段位晋级模式”的构建路径,调动了大学生对散打课程学习的积极性,为今后高校散打课程的深度实践积累宝贵的经验。     

安徽省普通高校武术散打运动发展因素解析

文章运用文献资料、实地考察和问卷调查等研究方法,就安徽省普通高校武术散打运动开展状况进行研究,确定影响安徽省高校武术散打运动发展因素,并对影响因素进行分析,深入探讨了学生对散打的价值需求、散打运动的安全性问题、高校体育课程教学改革、社会环境影响、高校散打运动开展的组织和管理等若干因素对高校武术散打发展的影响作用,为推动武术散打运动在高校的健康可持续发展提供参考依据。     

武术散打市场商业化运营背景下的“KO”及“TKO”现象分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑分析等研究方法,对武术散打市场商业化运营现状进行分析,结果表明:散打比赛的商业化运营是中国武术散打发展的趋势,并取得了良好的成效,但散打选手被"KO"现象引发的健康安全问题,更要引起足够的重视,只有规范的程序和有序的赛制才能令散打项目健康发展。     

普通高校武术散打发展中常见问题及对策研究

文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析等研究方法归纳总结、分析目前普通高校武术散打发展中的常见问题,根据这些问题并结合目前武术散打在普通高校中的发展态势提出相应的对策,指出在普通高校中开展武术散打应大力推广普及＂武术段位制＂,并细化、标准化、规范化武术段位等级的教学内容体系与考级升段的考试体系。文章旨在能够为武术散打在普通高校中的发展提供发展建议与对策。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。