全纳教育视野下幼儿教师专业素养的缺失与提升

学前全纳教育是全纳教育体系的重要组成部分,是建设全纳社会,实现全民教育的基础工程.实施和推广学前全纳教育,幼儿教师必须具备"全纳教育素养".当前幼儿教师普遍存在全纳教育素养的缺失问题,体现在全纳教育观念、全纳教育知识和全纳教育技能与能力等方面.幼儿教师教育的改革是提升幼儿教师全纳教育素养的根本路径.一方面,要通过职前幼儿教师教育的改革,促进学前教育与特殊教育的学科融合与资源整合;另一方面,要通过职后幼儿教师教育的改革,加强幼儿教师全纳教育理论与实践培训和资格认定.     

全纳型幼儿教师的培养

姬彦红在《中国特殊教育》2012年第2期撰文就全纳型幼儿教师的培养提出了一些思考。一是要改革职前教育体制,培养合格的全纳型幼儿教师。专业需要调整。要对目前的学前教育专业和特殊教育专业进行学科的融合与资源的整合。一方面,已开设学前专业或特教专业的,可设置复合型培养项目,供学生共享,并突出学前特殊教育课程。另一方面,可根据需求开设学前特殊教育专业,专门培养专业师资;同时也可设置相应的硕士课程,鼓励具有教育学、学前教育学等相关学科背景的人     

北京幼儿园教师全纳教育观念的调查

要在我国实施学前全纳教育首先要了解幼儿教师对全纳教育的看法。本研究通过问卷调查发现：北京幼儿教师对全纳教育对特殊及普通儿童的作用认识不足,缺乏全纳教育的经验和能力。此外,他们普遍对幼儿园招收残疾儿童持保守态度,对在自己班级里安排残疾儿童的态度消极,缺乏信心。应采取积极措施提高幼儿教师的全纳教育观念与能力。     

全纳教育理念下幼儿园教师专业成长路径探究

全纳教育的理念正逐渐为人们所接受并已在很多国家付诸实施。学前教育是全纳教育的起点,幼儿园教师的素质决定着学前阶段全纳教育的质量,教师的教育观念、专业知识与技能,决定了全纳教育的实践效果,因此,我们可以通过职前培养、职后培训以及完善教师资格证书制度,促进全纳型幼儿园教师的专业成长。     

关于我国学前全纳教育师资培训的思考

自上世纪90年代以来,学前全纳教育在欧美等发达国家早已得到推广,而在我国却只是作为一种尝试在少数幼儿园中实施。随着教育事业的发展,有特殊教育需要的幼儿入园人数显著增长,学前全纳教育已成必须,而制约学前全纳教育发展的关键在于师资问题。本文通过对学前全纳教育师资培训的必要性和内容的论述,提出了学前全纳教育师资培训的对策,即抓好职前教育;加强与特殊学校教师的合作以及建立师资培训中心和网络。     

全纳教育视野下幼儿教师专业素质的培养

幼儿是国家的新生代力量,幼儿教育质量的高低直接决定着孩子未来的发展。现代教育讲究全纳教育,它是一种新兴的教育理念,要求幼儿教师要平等对待每一位幼儿,不能对外来幼儿有任何的排斥行为。面对过去的非全纳教育,全纳教育对幼儿教师的专业素质有了更高的要求。基于此,围绕全纳教育视野下幼儿教师应具备的专业素质,以及培养方法进行探讨,以期促进幼儿教育质量的持续提高。     

基于研究 构建学前教师教育一体化模式

党的十八大提出要办好学前教育,这对我们培养学前教育师资的幼儿师范院校来说,既是一个难得的发展机遇,也面临着严峻的挑战。如何切实加强幼儿教师培养培训,提高幼儿教师队伍整体素质,是摆在我们面前的一个重要的问题。为此,广西幼儿师范高等专科学校制定了学前教师教育一体化改革目标,即以学前教师职业生涯发展规律为背景,以能力发展为主线,从学前教师职业胜任力出发,建立起学前教师教育的职前(专科层次,第三年相当于入职教育)、职后各层次在目标、内容、方法等方面既有     

关于学前全纳教育有效性的思考

本文通过学前全纳教育对特殊幼儿发展的影响、对普通幼儿发展的影响、对教师的影响、对家长的影响,以及学前全纳教育经费等五个方面进行分析,认为学前全纳教育是有效的,值得推广。     

全纳教育对幼儿教育的启示——兼论全纳教育视野下数学学习困难儿童的研究

全纳教育最早在特殊教育领域提出来,是一个具有丰富内涵和广阔外延的概念,并已发展为国际教育研究的重要课题。目前的全纳教育关注的是中小学阶段,学前全纳教育亟待研究。关注学前阶段的"特殊儿童"的需求,对这些儿童的学习和日后的生活和工作,有着极为关键的意义,其中,数学学习困难儿童又是"特殊儿童"中的典型。通过梳理全纳教育和数学学习困难研究的脉络,探讨进一步研究的方向。     

融合教育视野下幼儿教师职前培养初探

融合教育已成为当前学前教育发展的重要趋势,学前融合教育旨在促进学前特殊儿童与普通儿童共同发展,为他们提供个别化的指导。在此背景下,对幼儿教师的职前培养提出了新要求,具体表现为培养模式亟待转变、教育资源有待整合。因此,作为幼儿教师职前培养大本营的高校学前教育专业,应顺应时代发展的要求,从培养目标、课程设置、实践实训、学生活动、师资团队以及专业开设等方面及时做出调整与改变,培养具有融合教育素养的幼儿教师。     

成都市幼儿园融合教育现状调查研究

以成都市部分幼儿园教师作为调查对象,对幼儿园融合教育相关因素进行调查,结果不尽如人意。影响幼儿园教师融合教育的主要原因:幼儿园教师缺乏一定的融合理念和融合知识与技能,学前师资培养体制受到历史发展的制约,学前融合教育缺乏专业人员支持,学前融合教育缺乏经济与政策导向的大力支持。要促进成都市幼儿园融合教育发展,应大力培养学前特殊教育专业人才,提高其学前融合教育的能力,加强在职幼儿教师的培训,整合融合教育支持系统,给予幼儿融合教育切实的支持。     

日本幼儿教师教育制度及其对中国的启示

为改革和提高幼儿教育的质量,一支高素质的幼儿教师队伍是不可或缺的。而高素质的幼儿教师队伍建设,涉及到幼儿教师的培养、录用与选拔、在职培训等诸多方面。战后,日本建立健全了一整套幼儿教师教育的体系,有效地保障和提高了幼儿教师的素质能力,促进和推动了幼儿教育的发展。     

江西省幼儿教师培养存在的问题及对策

基于江西省幼儿教师队伍建设和培养现状,在今后的幼儿教师培养工作中,应科学规划幼儿师范院校布局、规范相关院校学前教育专业办学行为;制定导向性政策体系、重点支持相关院校办好学前教育专业;创新幼儿师资培训工作、建立职前培养与职后培训一体化的新模式;依法加强幼儿教师队伍管理、不断提高幼儿教师地位和待遇。     

中日幼儿园教师学前融合教育意识比较

通过对三位日本幼儿园教师的访谈,初步了解到日本幼儿园教师对融合教育实践的意识和感受;并通过对中国部分教师的问卷调查,比较分析中日幼儿园教师对学前融合教育的认识,从而了解到一些可为我们更好地开展学前融合教育实践提供     

融合教育背景下学前教育专业课程设置的探讨

融合教育的实施对幼儿教师素养提出了新要求,高校学前教育专业课程一直承担着培养幼儿教师素养的重任,但学前教育专业传统的课程设置却一直都忽视了特殊教育的诉求。因此,以培养学前融合师资为目标,对学前教育专业本科课程设置进行改革势在必行。融合教育背景下,学前教育专业课程设置的改革构想主要包括三方面：探索学前教育专业融合教育导向的课程结构,构建学前融合教育方向课程的实践教学体系,加强学前教育专业的课程管理。     

Investigation and comparison of Turkish and American preschool teacher candidates’ attitudes towards inclusion of young children with disabilities

Inclusion of young children with disabilities into general education classrooms is a common practice that has been implemented for many years in developed countries around the world and many developing countries have been creating and implementing laws and regulations to support inclusive education in early years. Although extant literature includes a commonly agreed definition for inclusion, the implementation of inclusive practices varies across countries. A critical factor for successful implementation of inclusive practices is teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of children with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to compare Turkish and American pre-service preschool teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of young children with disabilities and their willingness to work with children with severe behavioural, physical, and cognitive disabilities. A total of 123 pre-service teachers participated in the study. The results showed that pre-service teachers across two countries had similar attitudes towards inclusion and their attitudes were positive. Additionally, both groups of pre-service teachers reported more favourable attitudes towards working with children with severe physical disabilities than those who have severe cognitive and behavioural disabilities. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.     

幼教工作者对特殊幼儿融合教育问题的态度和意见的调查研究

为了解普通幼儿园工作者对特殊幼儿融合教育问题的态度和意见,本文对174名教师和保育员进行问卷调查,主要发现:(1)幼教工作者对特殊幼儿有一定的了解,但不够深入;(2)幼教工作者以及普通幼儿家长在保障师资、设备以及教育方式的情况下,更乐意接受特殊幼儿进入普通幼儿园;(3)幼教工作者认为学前阶段实施特殊教育最需解决的问题依次为师资问题、设备问题、家长观念、教师观念、经费问题以及专设督导机构问题。     

幼儿园教师是什么——学前教育专业学生对幼儿园教师隐喻的理解

对112名学前教育专业学生的调查显示:他们对幼时幼儿园教师形象的理解普遍是教书匠+保姆,普遍认为当下理想的幼儿园教师形象是妈妈+孩子王+多面手。来自农村的学前教育专业学生对幼时幼儿园教师教学的印象是小学化现象严重。现在的学前教育专业学生普遍认为,富有爱心,能和孩子打成一片,具有多方面的技能是理想的幼儿园教师最重要的素养。     

Attitudes of preschool and primary school pre-service teachers towards inclusive education

Teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion are important as they have the primary responsibility of implementing inclusive education. Attitudes at the beginning of teaching careers are likely to predict future attitudes. Some studies show a drop in attitudes after leaving university education. Using the Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Inclusion (Amended) questionnaire, 465 pre-service teachers (located in Victoria, Australia) from primary school and preschool streams were examined to determine the effect of a number of independent factors on Total Inclusion Score; a measure of attitudes towards inclusion. Two-way ANOVAs revealed module (unit) and year of study to be significant factors. A multiple regression showed the factors combined accounted for 10% of the variance in Total Inclusion Score. Participants who had studied a module (unit) on inclusive education or were in later years of study were more positive towards inclusive education based on Total Inclusion Score from the questionnaire. No significant differences for Total Inclusion Score were found between pre-service teachers that study primary school teaching or preschool teaching. It is concluded that studying a module on inclusive education is a particularly important factor in the development of pre-service teacher attitudes towards inclusion.     

Effects of personal and professional factors on teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion in preschool

Attitudes towards inclusive education have a crucial place in the effective implementation of inclusion practices. The aim of this study was to explore teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education in preschool education in Portugal and to identify teachers’ personal and professional variables that influence these attitudes. The data were collected from a sample composed of 68 preschool teachers working in mainstream schools located in urban and rural areas. The results indicated overall positive attitudes towards inclusion. Having previous personal contact with a person with special educational needs predicted more positive affective attitudes, whereas having previous experience teaching classes that included students with and without special educational needs predicted less positive behavioural intentions. From these results, we infer an emergent need for continuous training and for the promotion of positive attitudes among preschool teachers to achieve the successful implementation of inclusion at this educational level.