添加沼液对育肥猪增重效果的影响

选择体重在40kg左右杂交育肥猪28头,随机分成四组,每组7头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别按日饲喂量添加40%、60%和80%的沼液.试验结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组育肥猪的头均日增重分别比对照组提高了136.46g(15.52%)、94.88g(10.79%)和72.50g(8.27%),且差异显著(P ＜0.05),以试验Ⅰ组增重最快.对照组的料重比分别比试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组高0.03(1.06%)、0.02(0.71%)、0.05(1.77%),以试验Ⅲ组料重比最低,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).经综合评定以试验Ⅰ组增重最快,经济效益最好.     

半胱胺对宁乡猪肥育后期生产性能的影响

为了探讨半胱胺对宁乡猪肥育后期生产性能的影响,将48头宁乡猪随机分为3组,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组,每组2个重复,每个重复8头.试验Ⅰ组在对照组日粮的基础上每天添加半胱胺1次,剂量为100mg/kg体重.试验Ⅱ组在对照组日粮的基础上每5天添加半胱胺1次,剂量为100mg/kg体重.试验结果表明:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组日增重分别较对照组提高17.08%(p<0.05)和11.04%(p<0.05);瘦肉率分别提高11.28%(p<0.05)和6.40%(p<0.05).结论:在宁乡猪生长肥育后期日粮中添加一定量的半胱胺可以促进其生长、提高胴体瘦肉率和改善肉品质.     

氧化铝对沥青四组分试验影响研究

我国现行规范中沥青四组分分离试验为条件试验,其结果受到诸多试验条件因素的影响.通过X-射线衍射(XRD)图谱分析确定了吸附剂氧化铝的晶型及合适的活化温度、时间;同时研究了不同含水量(0%、1%、2%和3%)的活性氧化铝对沥青组分分离结果的影响.结果表明:氧化铝在450°C活化5~6 h时就已经形成g-Al2O3晶型,满足试验要求;氧化铝含水量为1%时,组分分离效果最为理想.     

叶酸对不同胎次母猪生产性能的影响

试验在妊娠母猪的日粮中添加5g/t的活性叶酸,以探讨叶酸对不同胎次的母猪繁殖性能的影响.结果表明,与同胎次对照组相比,添加叶酸的试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组产仔数分别提高了4.1%(P＞0.05)、8.7%(P＜0.05)和11.3%(P＜0.05);产活仔数分别提高了3.4%(P＞0.05)、7.5%(P＜0.05)和11.0%(P＜0.01);仔猪初生窝重分别提高0.6%(P＞0.05)、10.7%(P＜0.05)和8.9%(P＜0.05);仔猪初生个体重、断乳个体重及哺乳期仔猪增重等指标各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05),说明了日粮中添加叶酸对各胎次母猪的产仔数均具有显著的影向,且随母猪胎次的增加有增加的趋势;但添加叶酸并未明显改善仔猪的初生重和哺乳仔猪的生产性能.     

不同方法处理麦秸对肉牛饲喂效果的研究

肉用公牛 1 5头 ,分成试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ 5个组。各组精料用量与营养水平相同。粗饲料用不同方法处理的麦秸。试验Ⅰ组饲用EM发酵剂发酵的麦秸。试验Ⅱ组饲用EM发酵剂喷洒的麦秸 ,试验Ⅲ组饲用干麦秸并以EM发酵剂饮水。对照Ⅰ组饲用氨化麦秸。对照Ⅱ组仅喂干麦秸。试验 6 1天。结果试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和对照Ⅰ组牛 ,分别比对照Ⅱ组提高增重 45 .99% (P <0 .0 1 )。 8.72 % (P >0 .0 5 )、3.1 3% (P >0 .0 5 )和 44 .76 %(P <0 .0 1 )。试验Ⅰ组增重与对照Ⅰ组相当 ,但处理费用仅为对照Ⅰ组的 1 / 3。证明用EM发酵麦秸饲喂肉牛是很有意义的。     

玉米新组合茎腐病抗性鉴定的分析

本试验对56个玉米新组合采用田间人工接种玉米茎腐病菌(腐霉菌)的方法进行了抗性鉴定。结果表明,B-26和BJ1-58抗性最好,达到R(抗)水平,发病率分别为5.3%和10%;有19个组合达中抗(MR)水平,发病率在15%～30%之间。     

甘油磷酸胆碱的稳定性研究

为了对甘油磷酸胆碱的稳定性进行研究。采用蒸发光散射检测器-高效液相色谱法,通过强光照射试验(4500 LX的强光照射10 d)、高温试验(60℃下烘烤10 d)、高湿试验(相对湿度75%条件下放置10 d)和加速试验(60℃、相对湿度75%的条件下放置6个月),研究抗老年痴呆症新药甘油磷酸胆碱的稳定性,并运用外标两点对数法计算样品含量。研究结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确、重现性好。同时,也证实了酶法制备的甘油磷酸胆碱的性状没有发生改变,稳定性良好。     

熟地黄和山药药渣替代湖羊部分粗饲料饲喂效果

目的:在生长环境相同的情况下,研究熟地黄和山药药渣替代部分粗饲料对湖羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,考察其饲喂效果。方法:选用生长状态相同、体重相近的湖羊公母各30只,随机分为5组,即对照组(CON)、试验组1(T15)、试验组2(T30)、试验组3(T45)和试验组4(T60)共5组,其中各组中药渣湿重占比分别为0%、15%、30%、45%和60%,每组公母各6只。在每天饲喂干物质相同的情况下,将药渣换算为干物质按比例替换试验组湖羊的粗饲料,对照组不添加药渣进行试验。预试验7d,正式试验为期60d。结果:统计显示,T30的体重高于其他各组;T30的平均日增重高于其他各组;T30的经济效益高于其他各组;试验前后试验组和对照组湖羊的体尺差异不显著(P0.05);试验组葡萄糖(GLU)指标明显高于对照组,且差异显著(P0.05);对照组甲状腺球蛋白(TG)含量指标明显高于试验组,且差异显著(P0.05)。结论:使用熟地黄和山药药渣替代湖羊部分粗饲料能够提高湖羊的生长速率,增加湖羊的体重,同时还能够降低饲养成本提高经济效益,且以总量的30%药渣湿重添加试验组2(T30)再以干物质形式替换部分混合粗饲料能达到最佳效果;能够增加湖羊的管围,使湖羊的骨架变粗;还能够提高血糖水平,有利于脂肪的积累,增加湖羊自身抵抗力。     

青贮时间对全株玉米常规营养成分及瘤胃降解率的影响

目的:以全株玉米为材料,研究青贮时间对全株玉米常规营养成分、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)及中性洗涤纤维(NDF)瘤胃降解率的影响。方法:通过常规营养成分分析,尼龙袋试验等方法,研究青贮0、1、2、3个月后全株玉米中常规营养成分、DM、CP及NDF的含量及其瘤胃降解率。结果:青贮后,全株玉米钙、磷、非纤维类碳水化合物(NFC)的含量分别提高了256%(P=0.001)、200%(P=0.005)和82.3%(P=0.001),NDF降低了17.1%(P=0.001)。全株玉米在瘤胃中的快速降解成分含量趋于提高,慢速降解成分含量降低了5.35%(P=0.007),慢速降解成分降解率提高了13.3%(P=0.003)。随着青贮时间延长,全株玉米钙(P=0.005)含量分别线性提高260%、260%和250%,磷(P=0.018)含量分别线性提高200%、200%和200%,NFC(P=0.002)含量分别线性提高77.1%、83.1%和86.7%,NDF(P=0.008)含量分别线性降低16.8%、17.1%和17.5%,快速降解成分(P=0.085)含量分别线性提高13.4%、16.0%和19.5%,慢速降解成分(P=0.004)含量分别线性降低3.79%、5.54%和6.84%,慢速降解成分的降解率(P=0.009)分别线性提高21.5%、24.3%和25.4%。结论:青贮能够提高全株玉米的钙、磷及NFC含量,提高DM、CP与NDF的瘤胃有效降解率。在本试验条件下,全株玉米青贮的适宜时间为1个月。     

毛蛋粉代替鱼粉对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

利用本课题组研制的毛蛋粉代替进口鱼粉进行了仔鸡的饲养试验,试验选用本院牧场提供的1日龄AA肉雏400只,随机分为5组.0～4周龄各组日粮中的鱼粉含量(%)分别为6、4、2、1、0,毛蛋粉的含量(%)相应为0、1、2、4、6;5～8周龄各组日粮中的鱼粉含量(%)分别为4、3、2、1、0;毛蛋粉的含量(%)相应为0、1、2、3、4、.结果表明:4周龄、8周龄平均体重各试验组与对照组之间存在显著差异(P>0.05).多重比较(LSD法)结果表明;4周龄平均体重试验1、2组与对照组无显著差异,试验3、4组与对照组差异显著;8周龄平均体重除试验4组与对照组差异极显著外(P<0.1)其余各组与对照组之间均无显著差异(P<0.05 ).     

党参粗提物对免疫青脚麻鸡血清抗体效价的影响

观察不同浓度的党参粗提物对青脚麻鸡血清中新城疫(ND)及传染性法氏囊炎(IBD)抗体效价的影响。400只1日龄青脚麻鸡随机均分4组,Ⅰ～Ⅳ组分别在饮水中添加0 g/L、0.5 g/L、1 g/L和2g/L的党参粗提物,14日龄开始给药,连续饮用6周,正常鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊免疫。每周末各组随机抽样8只,心脏采血,分离血清,用微量血凝抑制实验(HI)测定ND抗体效价,琼脂扩散实验测定IBD抗体效价。结果表明,血清ND-HI抗体效价自28日龄起,IBD琼扩效价自35日龄起,党参各组较对照组均高出1～2个滴度以上,说明添加党参粗提物能够提高青脚麻鸡血清中ND-HI和IBD的抗体效价,其中中剂量药效为佳。     

卵白抗体防治新城疫的试验

笔者用制各卵黄抗体的方法制备新城疫（ND）卵白抗体，与印黄抗体比较，HI效价高1个清度。保护试验保护事为100％，对发生ND的85640只病鸡进行治疗试验，其保护率达93.6％．     

Making a point of difference: the glocalised ecology of the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Australian schools

The International Baccalaureate Diploma (IBD) is an independent, globally available curriculum currently enjoying rapid uptake in government systems as an alternative curriculum. This paper explores the logic of its consumption in three case study schools across different states of Australia, and the relational ‘points of difference’ it creates in each local context and its curricular market. The analysis uses a typology of goods to describe the nature and dynamics of the IBD's glocalised ecology in each site. The conclusion argues that the success of the IBD as a curricular alternative risks eroding its appeal as a positional good.     

Mothers of children with mild neurological disabilities: Adaptational outcomes

The relations of stress and coping over time were investigated among mothers of children (N=36) with mild neurological disabilities and mothers of matched non-disabled (ND) children (N=36). Separate stress groups were formed with respect to changes in adaptational outcomes for the mothers of disabled and ND children. Mothers of disabled children with better adaptational outcomes had considered their self-esteem higher and used problem-focused coping and social support more often than mothers of disabled children with worse adaptational outcomes. Decrease of negative affects seemed to presuppose use of problem-focused coping more often mothers of disabled children than for those of ND children.This study has received financial support from the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Tampere, Finland, and from the University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Timo Virtanen, Institute of Migration, Piispankatu 3, SF-20500 Turku, Finland.     

Reading motivational differences among groups: Reading disability (RD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), RD + ADHD,and typical comparison

This study assessed the reading motivation of 133 students at individual grade levels (2nd–5th), who were divided in subgroups with and without reading disabilities/difficulties (RD) and with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Major findings were that students in the RD subgroup had lower reading motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic, and self-efficacy) and read less for enjoyment than the nondisability (ND) group; students in the combined group (ADHD + RD) showed these motivational deficits in earlier grade levels. However, students with ADHD did not differ from the ND group in reading motivation, and children with RD (with and without ADHD) were equivalent to ND in social motivation up to the 5th grade. Implications of these findings were (a) social reading is an instructional pathway for both groups of students with RD, (b) assessments of reading motivation, in addition to reading skill, may be important in assessing responses to intervention, and (c) motivational interventions should be implemented early before motivational responses become a motivational style.     

Nondifferential training of pigeons retards acquisition of subsequent discriminations involving other stimuli

In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons (n = 8) were given nondifferential (ND) training with a green keylight and a white vertical line on a dark surround nonsystematically alternated. Two groups (n = 8) received single stimulus (SS) training with the green light only. In Experiment 2, two groups of pigeons (n = 8) were given ND training with vertical and horizontal lines, while two other groups (n = 8) received SS training with only the vertical line. In both experiments, all groups were transferred to a green S+ (VI reinforced) and a red S? (extinguished) transfer problem. In each experiment, one ND and one SS group was tested in the same context as initial training (houselight off) and one ND and one SS group was tested in a changed context (houselight on). In both experiments and in both contexts, the ND groups performed less well on the transfer problem than did the SS groups. There was no evidence of greater control by the context in ND than in SS groups, which suggests that the observed difference in acquisition of the transfer task is not attributable to a purported difference in control by the context under the two conditions. The overall results favor the position that nondifferential training reduces attention to stimuli involved in the original training procedure and that this reduced attention transfers to stimuli subsequently experienced.     

Mothers of children with mild neurological disabilities: Adaptational outcomes

The relations of stress and coping over time were investigated among mothers of children (N=36) with mild neurological disabilities and mothers of matched non-disabled (ND) children (N=36). Separate stress groups were formed with respect to changes in adaptational outcomes for the mothers of disabled and ND children. Mothers of disabled children with better adaptational outcomes had considered their self-esteem higher and used problem-focused coping and social support more often than mothers of disabled children with worse adaptational outcomes. Decrease of negative affects seemed to presuppose use of problem-focused coping more often mothers of disabled children than for those of ND children.     

Emerging role of protein modification in inflammatory bowel disease

The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves many factors, including environmental parameters, microorganisms, and the immune system. Although research on IBD continues to expand, the specific pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. Protein modification refers to chemical modification after protein biosynthesis, also known as post-translational modification (PTM), which causes changes in the properties and functions of proteins. Since proteins can be modified in different ways, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, the functions of proteins in different modified states will also be different. Transitions between different states of protein or changes in modification sites can regulate protein properties and functions. Such modifications like neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and acetylation can activate or inhibit various signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT)) by changing the intestinal flora, regulating immune cells, modulating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and ultimately leading to the maintenance of the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of PTM and describe its regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IBD.

     

Behavior of young children with Down syndrome before the mirror: exploration

Exploratory behaviors of Down Syndrome (DS) and Nondelayed (ND) young children between the mental ages of 16 and 32 months were examined in 4 situations involving finding things seen in a large standing mirror: free play, marked face, finding the reflected mother, and finding a reflected toy. Behaviors coded from videotape included observing the self making faces, kissing the mirror, patting the mirror, comparing a person or object with the mirror image, looking behind the mirror, touching own body, and staring at another's image. Both ND and DS children used these behaviors and were able to adapt their choice of behaviors to demands of particular tasks. However, DS and ND children differed in number, type, and frequency of exploratory behaviors. DS children used a greater variety of behaviors and used them more frequently than ND children. DS children used a less focused selection of behaviors, and behaviors involving switching attention were performed only by ND children. For most behavior examined, mental and chronological age were not related to amount of exploration. Results are interpreted in terms of the role of different behaviors in exploration of the mirror.     

Spontaneous Leg Movements of Infants with Down Syndrome and Nondisabled Infants

Infants with Down syndrome (DS) represent a population in which new behaviors are acquired significantly more slowly than in nondisabled infants. We propose that infants' spontaneous movements hold a key to understanding the process of development—of integrating intrinsic dynamics and function. In this investigation, we compared the spontaneous leg movements of 10 infants with DS and 2 groups of nondisabled (ND) infants matched for chronological age and motor age. In contrast to common perceptions, we did not observe a significant difference in the frequency of movements between infants with DS and ND infants. But, infants with DS demonstrated significantly fewer of the most complex patterned leg movements, that is, kicking patterns. Further, the frequency with which both DS and ND infants kicked was significantly correlated with the age at which they began to walk. Biomechanical variables were identified, as well, that related to their emergent movement patterns. These data are consistent with Edelman's proposal that spontaneous movements that occur repeatedly in regions of the organism's functional work space facilitate the development of stable behavioral patterns and emphasize the role of the interaction of multiple subsystems in the emergence of new behaviors.