外部动机内化对运动员心理疲劳的影响

以自我决定理论为指导,通过2项研究来探讨外部动机内化对运动员心理疲劳的影响。研究一：40名青少年足球运动员先后参与到2个实验 室试验中,通过不同性质的无趣任务诱发心理疲劳,检验不同动机类型下运动员心理疲劳的情况;研究二：以教练为运动员提供的自主环境为自变 量,利用试验组、对照组前后测准试验设计,考察真实运动情境中,运动员外部动机内化对心理疲劳的影响。结果表明：运动员外部动机的内化水平 与心理疲劳存在显著负相关;外部动机内化的变化在一定条件下可预测心理疲劳的变化;当运动员外部动机内化水平变低时,心理疲劳的程度升 高;外部动机内化可增加运动员对无趣任务的认同经验和控制感,从而降低负性体验。结果提示,提高运动员的自主支持可促使运动员外部动机内 化,从而对心理疲劳起到预防作用。     

国家残奥队投掷组运动员心理疲劳的定性探索

残疾人运动员心理疲劳的早期诊断,对心理疲劳的预防和干预、提高运动成绩具有实际意义。本文采用文献资料法、访谈法、行为观察法等,通过了解残疾人运动员眼中的心理疲劳,进一步发掘不同群体心理疲劳的特性,并归纳中国独特的体育文化背景对残疾人运动员心理疲劳的影响、表现形式及干预措施。结果发现,其特点有别于正常运动员群体,心理疲劳对于残疾运动员表现为长期伴随、阶段性、多因素影响和可预见。建议加强心理训练、培养兴趣爱好,注重对他们进行人性化的关怀。     

高水平运动员心理疲劳研究

以我国高水平运动员为研究对象,对11位运动员进行了访谈.通过审视高水平运动员心理疲劳的发展规律、产生时的情境,对心理疲劳不同阶段的特征进行了总结,分析了导致高水平运动员训练动机丧失的诸因素,进一步了解心理疲劳渐进发展的早期预测性,并提出了预防心理疲劳相关建议,为高水平运动员心理疲劳的早期诊断提供参考.     

武术运动员心理疲劳成因与恢复方法研究

文章运用文献资料研究方法,从武术运动员产生心理疲劳的原因出发,阐述了武术训练、比赛中心理疲劳对武术运动员产生的不良影响,提出了武术运动员心理疲劳的恢复手段。     

基本心理需要与运动员心理疲劳:自我决定理论的视角

从自我决定理论(DECI&RYAN,1985)角度解释运动员心理疲劳得到了越来越多的关注,基本心理需要理论是自我决定理论的基础。以基本心理需要与运动员心理疲劳的关系为主线,论述自我决定理论对运动员心理疲劳的解释,发现基本心理需要与心理疲劳呈负相关关系。动机是自我决定理论中不可忽略的因素,有研究指出,自我决定动机中介基本心理需要对心理疲劳的影响(LONSDALE,HODGE&ROSE,2009)。因此,阐述了以基本心理需要为基础的自我决定动机与运动员心理疲劳的关系,横向来看,高自我决定程度的动机与心理疲劳呈负相关,低自我决定程度的动机与心理疲劳呈正相关;纵向研究结果发现,动机的自我决定程度可预测心理疲劳。同时认为,从自我决定理论角度出发可以为运动员心理疲劳领域干预性研究提供思路。     

运动员心理疲劳对情绪图片性质判断影响的电生理学特征

探讨运动员心理疲劳组与运动员无心理疲劳组在心境状态与情绪反应上的操作成绩是否相同,电生理学指标LPP在不同的脑区的表现是否相同。选取国际标准情绪图片系统的图片,采用等概率呈现的感知范式,使用MBI-GS量表中文修订版筛选出运动员心理疲劳组和运动员无心理疲劳组,并进行情绪图片性质判断作业,同时收集ERPs脑电数据。结果:行为实验结果表明,运动员无心理疲劳组情绪图片性质判断结果差异不显著(P>0.05);运动员心理疲劳组情绪图片性质判断结果差异显著(P<0.05)。ERPs结果表明,在顶区左部/中部/右部,运动员无心理疲劳组的LPP(400～600ms)平均幅值均差异显著(P<0.05),而运动员心理疲劳组的LPP(400～600ms)平均幅值差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:运动员心理疲劳在心境状态上表现为负性,而在情绪反应上表现为对正性和负性的去敏感化;与运动员无心理疲劳组相比,运动员心理疲劳组的LPP(400～600ms)平均幅值在顶区左/中/右部表现出差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

女子摔跤运动员心理疲劳成因及恢复措施的研究

运用文献资料法对心理疲劳理论进行分析研究,并依据女子摔跤项目特点,分析了女子摔跤运动员心理疲劳产生的原因,提出了有效恢复运动员心理疲劳的手段。这对于完善女子摔跤的运动训练。提高运动员的竞技能力、增进运动员心理健康有很好的参考作用。     

心率变异性反馈训练对运动员心理疲劳调节的应用研究

通过对山东省备战第十一届全运会部分运动员实施心率变异性反馈训练及心理疲劳监控,研究了心理变异性反馈训练对运动员心理疲劳的调节作用.研究结果表明:心率变异性反馈训练有助于提高运动员的放松能力;心率变异性反馈训练有助于缓解运动员的心理疲劳;与其他心理训练一样.心率变异性反馈训练需要长期坚持.     

山西省优秀毽球运动员心理疲劳研究

毽球运动员心理疲劳是毽球运动中极其重要的课题,文章主要从心理耗竭对运动员的影响方面入手,得出心理疲劳是长期伴随运动员的、由多种因素决定的、渐进发展的可预测现象,它在不同阶段呈现不同特点,这对运动员心理疲劳的早期诊断预防具有实际意义。     

田径运动员心理能量与运动性疲劳的相关性研究

通过对田径运动员心理能量和运动性疲劳分析，得出心理能量和运动性疲劳存在一定的相关性。根据二者的相关性，运动员在比赛中进行有效的心理调控，并且加强心理方面的训练，减少比赛中心理疲劳和生理疲劳。     

Implicit and explicit attitudes towards sport among young elite athletes with high versus low burnout symptoms

The development of cynical attitudes towards elite sport is a core symptom of athlete burnout and has been associated with dropout from elite sport. To date, this phenomenon has mainly been studied by investigating explicit attitudes towards sport, whereas athletes’ automatic evaluations (i.e. implicit attitudes) that have been shown to influence behavior as well were not considered. This study aimed to compare explicit and implicit attitudes towards sport of young elite athletes with high (N = 24) versus low (N = 26) burnout symptoms. Using self-reported measures, general and athlete burnout symptoms were assessed. Additionally, a single-target implicit association test was administered to examine participants’ automatic evaluation of sport. Statistical analysis revealed greater emotional/physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in athletes reporting high compared to low burnout symptoms. Implicit attitudes towards sport did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, no significant correlations were observed between different athlete burnout symptoms and implicit attitudes. Athletes with high burnout symptoms show a tendency to explicitly detach themselves from sport, thus fostering sport devaluation as a core symptom of athlete burnout. However, this process does not seem to be reflected in their implicit attitudes towards sport.     

浙江省运动员应激和倦怠之间的关系研究

研究基于倦怠认知-情绪应激理论,通过问卷调查法、文献资料法、专家访谈法、数据统计法和逻辑分析法揭示浙江省运动员应激和倦怠之间的关系。以浙江省183现役运动员为调查对象,采用自编调查问卷实施问卷调查。研究发现：①浙江省运动员的应激和倦怠之间存在非常显著的正相关,与倦怠的各个维度之间也存在非常显著的正相关。②多元回归分析表明,比赛失利和运动损伤是浙江省运动员倦怠的有效预测变量。     

高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其赛前焦虑和心理疲劳的影响

为考察高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其赛前焦虑和心理疲劳的影响,采用应对自我效能问卷、赛前焦虑问卷和心理疲劳问卷对243名普通高校高水平篮球运动员进行调查。结果发现：（1）高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其赛前焦虑具有显著的负向预测效果;（2）高水平篮球运动员应对自我效能对其心理疲劳具有显著的负向预测效果。因此,高水平篮球运动员应掌握一些有效的应对策略以提高其应对自我效能,进而降低其焦虑程度和心理疲劳水平。     

Functional asymmetry in a simple coincidence-anticipation task: Effects of handedness

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether quality of self-determined motivation at the start of the competitive season in elite athletes and symptoms of overtraining can predict athlete burnout propensity at the end of the season. The participants were 141 elite winter sport athletes. In September, at the beginning of the season, the athletes responded to a self-determined motivation questionnaire, while they answered questions assessing overtraining symptoms and burnout in March, at the end of the season. Findings indicated that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining were negatively and positively linked respectively to dimensions of athlete burnout. The results suggest that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining are both independently linked to signs of burnout in elite athletes and that although no moderating effect was found, pairing self-determined motivation with symptoms of overtraining increased the prediction of burnout in athletes at the end of the season. Our findings are in line with those of recent research (Cresswell & Eklund, 2005; Lemyre, Treasure, & Roberts, 2006) and support a motivational approach to study burnout in elite athletes.     

中日两国大学生运动员燃尽症候群特征的比较

用ABI量表,对中日两国大学生运动员燃尽症候群的特征进行调查。结果显示,在因素构造中,有3个子尺度因素,双方存在着大致对应的关系。中国大学生运动员燃尽症候群状态比日本大学生运动员低;但在“对竞技的个人参与的迷茫”子尺度得分上,比日本大学生运动员高。     

Exploring the relationship between hope and burnout in competitive sport

Researchers have postulated that hope may be an important factor associated with burnout. Consistent with hope theory contentions, low-hope individuals may be susceptible to burnout because they are prone to experience goal blockage, frustration, and negative affect, all of which likely increase the risk of burnout. We examined the relationship between hope and athlete burnout among 178 competitive athletes (63 females and 115 males) aged 15-20 years. Hope was significantly and negatively correlated with all three burnout subscales: emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance showed that low-hope athletes scored significantly higher than medium- and high-hope athletes on all three burnout dimensions. Finally, results revealed that agency thinking was a significant predictor of all burnout dimensions. Frustration over unmet goals and a perceived lack of agency, a characteristic of low-hope athletes, might pose a risk factor in athlete burnout, whereas being able to maintain hope appears to be associated with health and well-being.     

Exploring the relationship between hope and burnout in competitive sport

Abstract

Researchers have postulated that hope may be an important factor associated with burnout. Consistent with hope theory contentions, low-hope individuals may be susceptible to burnout because they are prone to experience goal blockage, frustration, and negative affect, all of which likely increase the risk of burnout. We examined the relationship between hope and athlete burnout among 178 competitive athletes (63 females and 115 males) aged 15–20 years. Hope was significantly and negatively correlated with all three burnout subscales: emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance showed that low-hope athletes scored significantly higher than medium- and high-hope athletes on all three burnout dimensions. Finally, results revealed that agency thinking was a significant predictor of all burnout dimensions. Frustration over unmet goals and a perceived lack of agency, a characteristic of low-hope athletes, might pose a risk factor in athlete burnout, whereas being able to maintain hope appears to be associated with health and well-being.     

Are athletes burning out with passion?

Abstract

Passion is a strong motivational force towards an activity considered very important, possibly to the extent that the activity forms a part of an individual's identity. Two forms of passion, harmonious and obsessive, are thought to lead to different cognitive and affective responses. Although being passionate about sport appears to be important from a motivational perspective, it possibly also increases the risk for burnout, which is a negative consequence blamed partly on too much training and inadequate recovery. The question voiced in this study is whether harmonious passion and obsessive passion pose equal risks for burnout. Participants were 94 female and 164 male competitive athletes from 21 sports. The results, analysed using partial correlation and multivariate analyses of variance, showed that athletes with an obsessive passion scored higher on a burnout inventory than did harmoniously passionate athletes. Obsessively passionate athletes also scored higher on perceived stress and negative affect, and lower on positive affect. These findings support the assumption that even though the two forms of passion may be an integral part of elite sports, athletes scoring high on obsessive passion may be at greater risk of developing burnout than more harmoniously passionate athletes. Burning bright and burning out can thus be seen as two potential consequences for athletes driven by passion. Athletes and coaches who are aware of this may be better equipped to avoid the potential negative consequences associated with too much stress and too little recovery.     

运动员倦怠的测量与ABQ的初步修订

为寻找适合我国运动员倦怠的测量工具,在全面分析运动员倦怠测量研究文献的基础上,对运动员倦怠问卷在我国运动员中进行了试用与修订,首先,选取231名我国运动员对ABQ进行了信度和效度检验;其次,依据ABQ在我国运动员中的信度和效度检验和对部分运动员访谈的结果修订ABQ。然后,选取101名我国运动员对修订后的ABQ进行了信度和效度的检验。结果表明,1)ABQ运用于我国运动员时,其结构效度不太理想,成就感降低分量表的内部一致性信度差,造成这一结果原因可能在于受到文化价值等方面差异的影响;2)修订后的ABQ由13个条目构成,具有良好的测量学特性,是一份从应激和运动承诺的视角对运动员倦怠进行解释的问卷,可以作为进一步深入研究我国运动员倦怠的测量工具。     

瑜伽课程对高校女生学习倦怠的调节研究

本文通过对南京邮电大学241名选修瑜伽课程的女生进行调查,探讨通过瑜伽课程的学习与锻炼对高校女生学习倦怠状态的调节作用。研究结果表明：（1）通过瑜伽课程的学习,高校女生的总体学习倦怠状态得到了显著调节和明显的改善;（2）瑜伽课程的学习对高校女生的身心耗竭、学业疏离状态的调节具有显著作用,而对于低成就感状态的调节作用不显著;（3）不同年级的高校女生学习倦怠状态间差异不显著;（4）瑜伽课程的学习对不同年级女生学习倦怠状态的调节作用差异不显著。