走近金陵水

记得朱自清曾经说过:“逛南京像逛古董铺子.”确实是这样,鸡鸣寺的古幽,聚宝山的巍峨,太虚境的玄妙,总统府的宏博,雨花台的荒寂……都能给人极深的印象.行走在这片神奇的土地上,我最迷恋的还是金陵的水. 走近玄武湖,是十二月的清晨.玄武湖边的树特别好看,树枝旁逸斜出,树叶红橙黄绿.桂花刚谢,空气中仍残留浓郁的香味.朗朗的阳光,从叶丛间泻下斑驳的碎影.     

倾听,远方的诉说

徐徐的微风飘荡在大自然,天地间的诉说洋溢在海角天涯……粼粼的阳光穿过片片的云层洒在大地,那是大地倾听着蓝天的诉说。丝丝的细雨透过缕缕的青烟散在田间,那是泥土倾听着蓝天的诉说。深树而鸣的黄鹂在枝头轻快的跳跃,那是林子倾听着鸟儿的诉说。鹰击长空,鱼翔浅底,那是无际的苍穹倾听着振翅的勇者的歌声;那是湍急的流水倾听着逆流而上的心的搏动……     

白山黑水的强音——热烈庆祝东北大学建校85年

有人说,东大的校园是美丽的,中西合璧的建筑风格,苍松翠柏间的水榭楼台,天高云淡下的白鸽飞舞,美得大气,令人心醉;有人说,东大的历史是悠久的,新开河边的朗朗书声,四川三台的竹屋草堂,南湖河畔的重塑辉煌……步步都有故事,处处留有追忆;有人说,东大的人才是一流的,老人们嘴里的张少帅,历史课本中的苗可秀,钢铁界的权威靳树梁……历史长空,繁星璀璨;东大的美丽,东大的悠久,东大的一流,都源于东大的光荣传统和东大精神。"爱国爱校"的立校之魂,"严谨治学"的学术态度……无一不是对东大精神最好的诠释,无一不是留给每一位东大人最宝贵的精神财富!     

栋梁砥华夏桃李芳九州——西北政法大学70年华彩

昔日风貌 光荣的革命传统,丰厚的文化底蕴 西北政法大学有着70年的建校历史,具有光荣的革命传统和丰厚的文化底蕴. 学校的前身是1937年中共中央在革命圣地延安创办的陕北公学.陕北公学作为我党创办的第一所干部高等学校,为中华民族的解放事业培养了大批优秀抗战干部和知识青年.     

偶像

爷爷的偶像是战场上冲锋陷阵的英雄,在最艰难的时候他给了爷爷坚持的力量;爸爸的偶像是商场上运筹帷幄的企业家,在迷茫困惑的时候他给了爸爸继续前行的动力;我的偶像是舞台上闪亮的明星,我快乐着他的快乐,     

道德与历史的二律背反——再读《拉摩的侄儿》并以之为例

<拉摩的侄儿>从道德、历史、历史与道德的相互关系三个层面表现了历史与道德的二律背反.通过这种二律背反,小说深刻地表现了恩格斯所赞赏的意识与世界之间的相互作用,表现了它们的产生与消失,前进的与后退的变化.<拉摩的侄儿>之所以被誉为"辩证法的杰作",主要就在于它表现了道德与历史的这种深刻、复杂、相互作用的二律背反现象.     

契诃夫《苦恼》主人公的心理透视及其他

对于优秀文学作品的赏析历来都存在着"仁者见仁,智者见智"的现象.文章从心理学的角度来分析主人公的内心世界,并由此阐述对与此相关的心理问题的疏导和调节.     

试析钢琴慢速练习

慢练是慢速练习,即以低于作品要求的速度进行练习,它是解决快速的、节奏复杂的或复调类钢琴作品技术难点的首选有效方法,是最基本的科学练习法之一。慢练最大的优点是使人的运动神经有充足的时间,根据视觉、听觉反馈来的信息,调整和改正演奏上的缺点和不足,使之更符合预定的设想要求和最终演奏目标,从而建立起运动神经的正确习惯反应和条件反射。那么,如何进行钢琴的慢速练习呢?笔者认为主要从以下几方面做起。     

论王尔德童话的特点

王尔德打破传统童话用通俗易懂的语言,撰写正反人物性格鲜明的、扬善惩恶为主题的创作模式,他多以善无善报的悲剧结局为主题,折射人世间的冷酷和丑恶.人物多重性和可变性性格的塑造;花和心等传统意象的反义运用,童话篇名的反义设置;非童话生僻词、复杂句式和刻意修辞的使用,都是王尔德童话的特点.他以童话为"面具",对现实社会的冷酷与丑恶进行揭露和抨击是其童话的主要特点,也是其童话的重要价值.     

儒家伦理的基德和荣格的道德观

作为中国传统文化之主体的儒家伦理,已经确立了中国传统文化的"基德"或"母德",这是在长达2000多年历史发展中形成的:经过先秦时期的百家争鸣,形成了独树一帜的儒家思想;董仲舒提出"抑黜百家、独尊儒术"的建议,确立了儒家在中国社会的统治地位;经过以后历代的兼收并蓄和对立融合,发展成为儒、道、佛融合一体的宋明理学;近代中国社会对儒家思想的批判性发展,促使我们对儒家伦理思想进行时代的反思.荣格的分析心理学思想为东西方道德观的比较提供了一种独特的研究视角.     

Towards a pragmatic science in schools

This paper contrasts naive beliefs about the nature of science, with science as it appears from sociological and philosophical study, feminist critique and insights from multicultural education. I draw implications from these informed views to suggest how school science might be modified to project a pragmatic view of science to its students that allows students to know science and its relationships to themselves and society in multi-faceted ways. From these perspectives, pragmatic school science is situated within a values framework that questions how we know. Pragmatic school science also requires that the naive inductivist views that permeate school science inquiry methods at present be modified to recognise that observations and inquiry are guided by prior knowledge and values; that new knowledge is tentative; that some knowledge has high status, as it has been constructed consensually over a long period; but that even high status knowledge can be challenged. For implementation of these reforms, yet still to embrace the need for some students to appropriate understanding of discipline knowledge required for advanced science education, a broad set of aims is required.     

Conceptions of learning science among high school students in Taiwan: a phenomenographic analysis

Educators and psychologists have evidence that students’ conceptions of learning have a profound influence on the learning process, and thus are related to learning outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to explore the conceptions of learning science held by 120 Taiwanese high school students. The interview data gathered from these students, analysed by a phenomenographic method, revealed seven categories of conceptions of learning science, including: learning science as memorizing, preparing for tests, calculating and practising tutorial problems, the increase of knowledge, applying, understanding, and seeing in a new way. The educational contexts or curricular programmes in which these high school students enrolled also played a role in their conceptions of learning science. This study finally proposed a framework to describe the variations of the conceptions of learning science, consisting of the following features: the forms of knowledge acquisition, motivational orientations, and standards of evaluating learning outcomes. How to change students’ unfruitful conceptions of learning science was also discussed.     

Format-free databases and the construction of knowledge in primary school science projects

Most current science education reform documents are placing much emphasis on having students become competent in identifying, accessing and operating upon relevant information sources and in using the information to construct new knowledge. One of the means they suggest for achieving these aims is science project work. However, a review of the research literature indicates that little knowledge construction occurs during science projects. This article reports on a study in which a teacher used the collaborative development of a format-free computer database to facilitate the construction of knowledge by a group of three Year 6 students during a science project.     

The Relationships Among Scientific Epistemic Beliefs,Conceptions of Learning Science,and Motivation of Learning Science: A study of Taiwan high school students

This study explores the relationships among Taiwanese high school students’ scientific epistemic beliefs (SEBs), conceptions of learning science (COLS), and motivation of learning science. The questionnaire responses from 470 high school students in Taiwan were gathered for analysis to explain these relationships. The structural equation modeling technique was utilized to reveal that the students’ absolutist SEBs led to reproduced COLS (i.e. learning science as memorizing, preparing for tests, calculating, and practicing) while sophisticated SEBs were related to constructive COLS (i.e. learning science as increase of knowledge, applying, and attaining understanding). The students’ reproduced COLS were also negatively associated with surface motive of learning science, whereas the constructive COLS were positively correlated with students’ deep motive of learning science. Finally, this study found that students who viewed scientific knowledge as uncertain (advanced epistemic belief) tended to possess a surface motive of learning science. This finding implies that the implementation of standardized tests diminishes Taiwanese high school students’ curiosity and interest in engaging deeply in science learning.     

有效促进学生能力发展的小学科学教学方式实验设计

不同教学方式对增进知识和提升能力有不同的作用。本实验的假设是在主体间师生关系中,通过教师有效选择和整合主题讲授、问题发现和主题问题建构等三种教学方式,有效增进学生的科学知识和提升学生的科学能力,目的是通过有效的科学知识教学促进学生科学能力的发展,使科学知识教学和科学能力发展相互促进。     

The glue that makes it “hang together”: A framework for identifying how metadiscourse facilitates uncertainty navigation during knowledge building discussions

Classroom discussions have become a centerpiece of reform efforts in science education because talk mediates the joint co-constructing of knowledge in science classrooms. Although decades of research underscore the importance of talk in supporting science learning, the science education community continues to grapple with how to support teachers and students in navigating the uncertainty that is associated with doing knowledge building work. To address these challenges, we must examine not just what gets constructed (the scientific ideas), but how knowledge is co-constructed by teachers and students (the process of building those ideas) amidst uncertainty. In this study, we propose a conceptual tool for identifying organizational, epistemic, and interpretive metadiscourse markers (MDMs) in science talk. We highlight how teachers and students use these three types of MDMs as they navigate uncertainty while connecting ideas within and across multiple turns of talk, leveraging resources for knowledge building, and making interpretations about one another's ideas. We conclude with a set of suggestions for how researchers and teachers can utilize this framework to attend to the ways that MDMs index the organizational, epistemic, and interpretive dimensions of uncertainty in the knowledge building process.     

‘Do You Have to Pack?’—Preparing For Culturally Relevant Science Teaching in the Caribbean

This paper reports on the attempts by some Caribbean science teachers to make links between their students' everyday lives and school science in their planning for teaching. It describes how these teachers drew on their exposure to a university graduate course on science education and culture in seeking to access the background cultural knowledge of their students and to incorporate this knowledge in their plans for teaching science. The paper critically examines the experiences of these teachers and highlights both the rewards and challenges that ensued as these teachers prepared for culturally relevant science teaching     

Different People in Different Places

This article presents the results of an exploratory study of students’ knowledge about scientists and countries’ contributions to science, aiming at answering two research questions: “In which ways are students aware of the history of scientific development carried out by different people in different places of the world? What can be influencing and shaping their awareness?” Thus, this study aimed at depicting students’ knowledge about History of Science (HOS), focusing on what they know about science being done by people and communities from different parts of the world and on how this knowledge is constructed through their engagement with school science. An exploratory research was carried out at two multicultural state secondary schools in London, UK, involving 200 students aged 12–15 (58.5% girls, 41.5% boys) and five science teachers. The method involved an initial exploration of students’ knowledge about HOS through an open-ended survey, followed by classroom-based observations and semi-structured interviews with the participants. Results showed a disconnection between remembering scientists and knowing about their work and background, hinting at an emphasis on illustrative and decontextualised approaches towards HOS. Additionally, there was a lack of diversity in these students’ answers in terms of gender and ethnicity when talking about scientists and countries in science. These findings were further analysed in relation to their implications for school science and for the fields of HOS, science education and public perception of science.     

Elementary Preservice Teachers’ Science Vocabulary: Knowledge and Application

Science vocabulary knowledge plays a role in understanding science concepts, and science knowledge is measured in part by correct use of science vocabulary (Lee et al. in J Res Sci Teach 32(8):797–816, 1995). Elementary school students have growing vocabularies and many are learning English as a secondary language or depend on schools to learn academic English. Teachers must have a clear understanding of science vocabulary in order to communicate and evaluate these understandings with students. The present study measured preservice teachers’ vocabulary knowledge during a science methods course and documented their use of science vocabulary during peer teaching. The data indicate that the course positively impacted the preservice teachers’ knowledge of select elementary science vocabulary; however, use of science terms was inconsistent in microteaching lessons. Recommendations include providing multiple vocabulary instruction strategies in teacher preparation.