博弈论视角下达瓦孜与上刀梯遗产保护的比较分析

文章从博弈论的视角对达瓦孜与上刀梯遗产保护的博弈主体、博弈策略和博弈收益进行对比分析,揭示了揭示传统体育文化遗产保护的博弈机制。研究结果认为,达瓦孜保护主体涉及的政府主管部门、遗产保有者少于上刀梯,而社会组织主体和典型代表性传承人则多于上刀梯;达瓦孜保护的政府主体在政策和资金支持力度方面要优于上刀梯,两项目的遗产保有者均有积极传承和放弃传承的群体,社会组织对达瓦孜保护的参与度要优于上刀梯;达瓦孜保护主体博弈各方的最终收益优于上刀梯。     

达瓦孜的体育文化价值

达瓦孜运动具有体育和杂技两大特点,因其自身的民族风格而区别于其他体育运动.它是全国少数民族传统体育运动会的表演项目,也是新疆首批入选的国家级非物质文化遗产.达瓦孜运动历史悠久.源远流长,其传承分为四大班社,文化内涵博大精深.达瓦孜运动的特征表现在:民族风情的浓郁性;传承方式的特异性;表现形式的艺术性;体育与杂技的交融性.达瓦孜文化的现代多维价值在于:构建文化平台.保护和弘扬民族文化;创造经济效益,推动旅游事业发展;丰富体育文化类型,充实东方传统体育文化内涵.在新的历史时期,达瓦孜运动走向科学与和谐的可持续发展之路,是其传承及发展的关键所在.     

新疆维吾尔族传统体育项目达瓦孜的起源时代问题研究

达瓦孜运动是维吾尔族传统体育项目,在达瓦孜运动走出国门走向世界的同时,达瓦孜运动的起源问题成为一个历史研究任务。从大量的历史传说、历史文献记载、考古遗物、历史古迹中寻找有关达瓦孜运动的起源时代问题,结合新疆原始自然条件、社会条件、物质条件及古代维吾尔族祖先的原始宗教信仰(萨满教)的表现形式等,推测出达瓦孜运动的起源可以追溯到公元前15世纪左右。     

达瓦孜研究

运用田野调查法、文献资料法、专家访谈法等研究方法.主要结论建议:全面深入开展普查,进一步理清达瓦孜与中原文化及中亚文化的关系.对达瓦孜资料归档、整理、存档,对达瓦孜的教师资格、演员以及演出资格、安全设施制定规章制度,在学习、演出达瓦孜较多的村、乡,由自治区、地区、县命名为"达瓦孜乡",条件成熟的经文化部门审核批准,可组织民间班社进行达瓦孜表演.在新疆地区体育院系开设达瓦孜专业,培养有文化、懂理论、重安全的达瓦孜演员,加强后备人才培养等.     

新疆“达瓦孜”运动的兴衰及社会价值

惊险刺激的达瓦孜运动将新疆维吾尔族顽强好斗、坚韧勇悍、勤劳智慧的民族性格表现得淋漓尽致，它独具魅力的表演艺术形式深深地吸引着国内外观光的游客。通过对达瓦孜源起的追溯和发展历程的回顾，揭示出在当代中国达瓦孜艺人如何背靠传统文化、在时代发展洪流中力争主流的精彩表现。     

达瓦孜运动发展研究

通过文献资料法等对达瓦孜运动发展进行分析.认为达瓦孜源于两千多年前的西域,汉代传入中原.近400多年来主要以家族方式传承.具有娱乐价值、健身价值、文化价值、经济价值等.     

欢乐的喀什噶尔——首届达瓦孜民间艺术节拾瑛

喀什噶尔是幸运的，在新世纪的第一年．维吾尔族民间体育绝技——达瓦孜在这里再现光彩。     

生生不息达瓦孜 阿迪力要办学校了!

阿迪力要办学校了!今年的民运会上,这位"高空王子"透露:他的首个"达瓦孜"学校校舍已经建成,明年3月就要开始正式招生。阿迪力是维吾尔族达瓦孜的第六代传人,1997年,他在402米高空成功地跨越了长646米的长江三峡,成为新科"高空王",随后的几年里,他又一举创下4项吉尼斯纪录,这包括2000年走完"南岳"衡山顶峰的长达1399米的钢索,2002年在钢丝上连续生活22天。"达瓦孜"是维吾尔族的传统体     

走大绳

走大绳(维语“达瓦孜”),是新疆自治区维吾尔族古老且有强大生命力的民族传统体育项目.运动员手持一根约长8米、重10分斤的长竿,悠闲地沿着与地面成45°角的大绳,往高空走去.在这长80米、高(?)米的空中大绳上,表演者拒绝一切保护,只见他(她)滑坠、侧跳、倒立、躺卧、飞身跳、空中十八滚,重现古代勇士斗恶魔的艰难情景,再展现代奥林匹克运动竞技风采.     

新时期达瓦孜运动无形资产的开发与保护研究

在国家大力援助新疆的新时期,为新疆的体育产业带来了新的发展空间,新疆本土少数民族传统体育运动达瓦孜也步入市场并成为全国最具品牌意义的民族体育项目之一。就其产生的价值来看,其无形资产的经济价值及其有限,文章从体育经济学的角度,分析达瓦孜无形资产的经济价值,探讨达瓦孜无形资产的开发措施与保护策略。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。