多药耐药基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的:研究P-gp、ToPoⅡ、GST-π在乳腺癌中的表达及与预后的关系.方法:乳腺癌标本78例行SP法免疫组化法染色.结果:P-gp 阳性率为65.4%(51/78),Ⅲ期乳腺癌P-gp阳性率明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期,P-gp 阳性率与5年生存率呈负相关(P<0.05).GST-π阳性表达率为70.5%(55/78),在乳腺癌临床Ⅲ期中其阳性表达率高达76.2%,与临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),其阳性表达率与5年生存率呈明显负相关(P<0.05).ToPoⅡ的表达为64.1%(50/78),临床Ⅲ期表达明显低于Ⅰ,Ⅱ期.结论:化疗前检测P-gp,ToPoⅡ,GST-π的耐药基因蛋白,对判断乳腺癌的预后及指导化疗有一定的价值.     

EGFR在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤中过表达的临床意义

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在乳腺肿瘤内过表达对其发生、进展和治疗的意义.方法:收集乳腺腺瘤标本46例,乳腺癌标本86例,常规多聚甲醛固定、石蜡包埋,切片厚度5μm.SABC免疫组织化学染色,DAB显色.结果:EGFR阳性物质呈棕黄色,分布于在胞质中.在乳腺腺瘤和乳腺癌中的阳性率分别为17.04%(6/46)和56.98%(49/86).在浸润性导管癌中阳性率69.49%(41/59)明显高于原位癌(P<0.05).有淋巴结转移组阳性率明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05).结论:EGFR过表达与乳腺癌的发生、转移及病理类型有关.检测乳腺癌中EGFR对分子靶向治疗有指导作用.     

胸苷酸合成酶和雌激素受体在乳腺癌中的表达意义及相关性

目的:探讨胸苷酸合成酶(TS)和雌激素受体(ER)在乳腺癌中的表达及它们的相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测111例乳腺癌和38例乳腺腺瘤组织中TS和ER的表达情况.结果:乳腺腺瘤的TS和ER阳性率分别为10.53%(4/38)和36.84%(14/38),差异有显著性(P<0.05);乳腺癌病人中TS和ER的阳性率分别为31.53%(35/111)和40.54%(45/111),差异无显著性(P>0.05).乳腺癌中TS和ER的表达水平与患者年龄、发生部位、组织学类型、淋巴结转移相关性不明显(P>0.05).TS和ER在乳腺腺瘤组呈正向相关(r=0.077),而在乳腺癌组呈负向相关(r=-0.016).结论:TS在乳腺癌组表达率明显高于腺瘤(P<0.0 5);ER在良、恶性乳腺肿瘤内表达率差异无显著性(P>0.05).检测TS、ER对化疗药物选择有指导意义.     

乳腺癌细胞粘附分子CD_(15)的表达及其与预后因素的关系

应用免疫组化SP法对94例乳腺癌、41例乳腺良性病变和10例正常乳腺组织进行了细胞粘附分子CD_(15)检测。结果发现,CD_(15)。在乳腺癌和乳腺良性病变的阳性率分别为79.8％和58.3％,两者有显著差异性(P<0 01),10例正常乳腺组织仅4例呈CD_(15)弱阳性反应。CD_(15)表达与患者年龄和肿瘤大小无显著关系。CD_(15)表达阳性率在浸润性导管癌中显著高于单纯癌(P<0.05),组织学Ⅱ～Ⅲ级显著高于Ⅰ级者(P<0.05),临床Ⅲ一Ⅳ期显著高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期者(P<0.05),淋巴结转移阳性组显著高于阴性组(P<0.01)。在一组原发部位和淋巴结转移性乳腺癌配对标本中,CD_(15)表达无明显差异性。CD_(15)阳性的乳腺癌Cath-D和c-erbB-2的表达阳性率均显著高于CD_(15)阴性者(P<0.001)。结果提示,CD_(15)的表达与乳腺癌的发生发展、浸润转移及预后有密切关系。     

乳腺癌中Ezrin表达特点及临床病理意义

目的:探讨 Ezrin在乳腺癌中的表达特点及其与临床病理参数的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测62例乳腺癌组织中Ezrin的表达情况.结果:Ezrin异常阳性表达率在乳腺导管内癌、浸润性导管癌中分别为30%、75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在乳腺癌中,Ezrin异常表达与临床TNM分期、腋淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、发生部位无关(P>0.05).结论:Ezrin表达水平提高提示癌组织具有更高的浸润、侵袭能力和淋巴结转移风险,检测 Ezrin有望成为判断乳腺癌患者预后的新指标或治疗肿瘤转移的一个靶点.     

大肠癌中Ezrin蛋白的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨Ezrin在大肠癌中的表达特点及其与临床病理参数的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测100例大肠癌组织及11例癌旁正常黏膜中Ezrin的表达情况.结果:Ezrin阳性表达率在大肠正常粘膜、大肠癌组织中分别为36.4%、75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);淋巴结转移组Ezrin阳性率(89.6%)显著高于无淋巴结转移组(61.5%)(P<0.05);在大肠癌中,Ezrin异常表达与大肠癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤的发生部位以及分化程度无关(P>0.05).结论:Ezrin表达水平提高提示癌组织具有更高的浸润、侵袭能力和淋巴结转移风险,检测 Ezrin有望成为判断大肠癌患者预后的新指标或治疗肿瘤转移的一个靶点.     

MMP-2在膀胱癌和阴茎癌中表达的比较

目的 :探讨基质金属蛋白酶 (matrixmetalloprotein .ase - 2MMP - 2 )在膀胱癌和阴茎癌中的表达及意义。方法 :采用免疫组化法对MMP - 2在 4 2例膀胱癌和 4 5例阴茎癌中的表达进行研究。结果 :MMP - 2在膀胱癌中的阳性表达率为 2 8.5 7% (12 / 4 2 ) ,在阴茎癌中的阳性表达率为 5 7.78% (2 6 / 4 5 ) ;在膀胱移行细胞癌和腺癌中的阳性率分别为 2 3.6 8% (9/ 38)、75 .0 0 % (3/ 4 ) ,两者比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。在阴茎癌高分化组阳性率为 4 5 .16 % ,中分化组阳性率为 85 .7% ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :MMP - 2在移行上皮癌与鳞状上皮癌中均有表达 ,其在鳞癌中的表达高于移行细胞癌 ,腺癌细胞的高表达提示腺癌细胞的浸润性高于移行细胞癌。     

尿纤溶酶原激活物在子宫肿瘤中表达的临床意义

目的:研究尿纤溶酶原激活物(urinary plasminogen activator,UPA)在宫颈鳞状细胞癌(cervical squamous cell cancer,CSC)和典型子宫内膜腺样癌(tipical endonetrioid adenocarcinoma,TEA)表达的临床意义.方法:收集宫颈鳞状细胞癌标本86例、典型子宫内膜腺样癌58例.利用免疫组织化学技术检测UPA阳性表达率,并分析它们与癌瘤生物学特性之间的相关性.结果:UPA在CSC和TEA中阳性率分别为56.98%(49/86)和58.62%(34/58),两组差异无显著性(P>0.05); UPA在宫颈鳞癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期组的阳性率明显高于0期、Ⅰ期(P<0.05);内膜腺样癌组分化低者阳性率明显高于分化高者(P<0.05).UPA在CSC和 TEA中,有淋巴结转移组阳性率明显高于无转移组(P<0.05).结论:UPA高表达与子宫癌分期(或分化程度)及转移有相关性.     

热休克蛋白70在乳腺癌和胃癌中的表达及其意义的研究

目的:探讨热休克蛋白70(HSP70)在人乳腺癌和胃癌中的表达及其意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学的方法对64例乳腺癌和55例胃癌组织中的HSP70进行检测.结果:(1)HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌组织中的表达分别为78.13%,61.82%.(2)乳腺癌中HSP70的表达与乳腺癌的病理类型,淋巴结转移情况及年龄未发现显著差异(P＞0.05).(3)胃癌中HSP70的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移有密切关系(P＜0.05).结论: HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌中均呈较高水平表达,其中在胃癌中的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、恶性程度有密切关系,HSP70在乳腺癌和胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用.HSP70可能成为乳腺癌,胃癌的诊断指标之一.     

尿路移行细胞癌雌孕激素受体的免疫组化研究

为探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)在尿路移行细胞癌中的表达及生物学意义,对64例尿路移行细胞癌石蜡标本进行了免疫组化(SABC法)检测。结果是示:ER、PR阳性率分别为53.1％和50.0％;其中在高分化癌中ER、PR表达高于低分化癌;分级间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);ER、PR阳性率随肿瘤分期升高而下降,但分期间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);另外单发肿瘤、多发肿瘤及复发肿瘤之间,男女两性肿瘤之间及尿路各部位之间,ER、PR阳性表达率亦无显著性差异。结论:尿路移行细胞癌ER、PR有较高的表达率.且和分级正相关,提示ER、PR表达可能对尿路移行细胞癌有某种直接或间接的影响,并可作为肿瘤愈后判断指标之一。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.