风险投资对创业板上市公司技术创新影响的实证研究

利用CDM模型,将风险企业的技术创新过程分为研发投入、技术产出和绩效提升三个过程,分别考察风险投资在技术创新三个阶段对上市公司的影响,以深入研究风险投资提升创业板上市公司技术创新绩效的机理。对2012-2014年创业板上市公司创新活动的实证分析表明,风险投资参与能够显著提升创业板上市公司创新绩效,其作用主要是通过促进风险企业提高研发强度和提高商业运营能力实现的。实证分析结果还显示,风险投资对创业板上市公司非发明专利数量的提升作用显著,而对发明专利数量的增加无显著影响,这表明风险投资对风险企业技术创新的影响具有一定的局限性。     

风险投资对创业板上市公司技术创新影响的实证研究

利用CDM模型,将风险企业的技术创新过程分为研发投入、技术产出和绩效提升三个过程,分别考察风险投资在技术创新三个阶段对上市公司的影响,以深入研究风险投资提升创业板上市公司技术创新绩效的机理。对2012—2014年创业板上市公司创新活动的实证分析表明.风险投资参与能够显著提升创业板上市公司创新绩效,其作用主要是通过促进风险企业提高研发强度和提高商业运营能力实现的。实证分析结果还显示,风险投资对创业板上市公司非发明专利数量的提升作用显著,而对发明专利数量的增加无显著影响,这表明风险投资对风险企业技术创新的影响具有一定的局限性。     

风险投资、技术创新与企业绩效:影响机制及其实证检验

运用2010-2016年在我国深市创业板上市的153家企业的面板数据,探究了风险投资支持对企业创新影响的潜在作用机制,并进一步分析风险投资支持对企业创新投入效率的影响。研究发现:(1)风险投资支持能够通过使企业充分利用行业溢出的研发资源、减少企业发展面临的不确定性、帮助企业有效地参与市场竞争、缓解企业的外部融资约束四条潜在作用机制对企业创新产生积极的影响;(2)企业未来财务绩效并非同等受益于其技术创新活动,风险投资支持能够提高企业创新投入的效率,使企业创新投入能够在更大程度上提升企业未来的财务绩效;(3)风险投资对企业创新投入与企业未来财务绩效关系的调节效应会由于企业规模、市场竞争程度、所有制类型的不同而有所差异。本文不仅有助于明晰风险投资对企业创新的影响与作用机制,同时也可为国家完善风险投资发展体系、制定科技创新政策提供重要的思路启发。     

江西省战略性新兴企业绿色技术创新绩效评价研究

基于绿色技术创新两阶段模型，结合战略性新兴产业企业特色构建由研发、经济、环境和社会绩效组成的四维绿色技术创新绩效评价指标体系；科学运用层次分析法和熵值法分别设定主、客观权重，通过归一法处理后形成评价指标的组合权重；并从发展趋势、行业差异和地区差异3个角度对江西省战略性新兴企业2016—2019年绿色技术创新绩效进行评价。研究发现，（1）2016—2019年江西省战略性新兴产业企业绿色技术创新绩效整体呈现上升趋势，其中研发绩效增长显著，但转化绩效欠佳；（2）江西省战略性新兴产业企业绿色技术创新有明显的行业异质性和地区差异性，存在薄弱产业和“洼地”。深入探寻江西省战略性新兴产业企业绿色技术创新的瓶颈、薄弱产业和“洼地”，在深刻剖析原因的基础上给出针对性的解决对策和提升建议。     

战略性新兴产业政策是否提升了创新绩效

利用2007-2014年沪深两市上市公司面板数据分析战略性新兴产业政策对生物医药上市公司创新绩效的影响。以创新数量(专利申请总数)和创新质量(发明专利申请数)度量创新绩效,实证结果表明战略性新兴产业政策显著抑制了企业创新绩效。接着进一步检验战略性新兴产业政策对创新绩效影响的实施路径,发现信贷机制对企业创新绩效影响呈现正显著,而补贴和税收机制影响则并不明显。本文不仅为产业政策推行的抑制效应研究提供了证据,还丰富和拓展了战略性新兴产业政策与企业创新的相关研究,并且对战略性新兴产业政策的制定、实施、评价以及优化具有重要理论意义与政策启示。     

风险投资促进了中国企业的技术创新吗？

风险投资对企业技术创新作用的研究结果呈现出多样化特征。本文选取2009-2018年间在中国创业板上市的708家企业为样本,从创新投入和创新产出视角,构建创新生产模型研究风险投资对中国企业技术创新的作用。研究发现：风险投资背景对企业创新投入和创新产出没有显著的促进作用;风险投资机构的数量对企业创新投入和创新产出有显著影响;风险投资机构的持股比例对企业创新投入和创新产出有负向作用;风险投资金额对企业创新投入有显著的促进作用,对企业创新产出则没有影响。进一步的检验揭示了研发投入对于风险投资机构数量和创新产出之间的中介效应,企业创新产出主要源于风险投资机构数量累积效应下的企业研发投入实现。研究结果表明,风险投资对中国企业的技术创新同时具有促进效应和抑制效应。     

风险投资背景对企业技术创新的影响研究

风险投资是为科技企业和创新活动融通资金的重要渠道。本文对我国中小板上市公司的实证研究发现,无论从研发投入还是从专利数量上来看,有风险投资参与的企业在技术创新上的表现要显著好于无风险投资参与的企业。进一步的回归分析发现,在资本背景和经验背景不同的情况下,风险投资对企业技术创新的影响不同。政府背景风险投资的参与、公司背景风险投资的参与以及混合资本背景风险投资的参与与企业研发投入呈负相关关系。风险投资机构的经验越丰富对企业研发投入的影响越积极。     

环境规制与企业技术创新绩效:政府支持的调节效应

通过来自战略性新兴产业企业的问卷数据,本文分析了环境规制对技术创新绩效的作用机理。结果表明,调控性环境规制对技术创新绩效的经济效益有不显著的负向影响,而对技术创新绩效的社会效益有不显著的正向影响;自愿性环境规制对技术创新绩效的经济效益和社会效益均具有显著正向影响;政府支持对调控性环境规制与技术创新绩效之间的关系有正向调节效应,对自愿性环境规制与技术创新绩效之间的关系有负向调节效应。     

政治关联与企业技术创新绩效——研发投资的中介作用研究

现有文献忽视的一个重要问题是：企业高管政治关联是否通过企业内部资源配置从而影响了技术创新绩效？依据高阶理论和资源基础观,实证检验了高管政治关联对企业技术创新绩效的影响及其作用机制。采用中国创业板上市公司2009～2011年数据进行的分析发现,政治关联对技术创新绩效具有显著负向影响,研发投资在其中起到完全中介作用。其作用机制在于：政治关联导致了较低的研发投资强度,而较低的研发投资强度正是阻碍创新绩效提升的关键因素。研究结论对于全面认识政治关联的作用、提升企业创新绩效具有重要的理论意义和管理启示。     

民营企业发展战略性新兴产业的市场绩效研究——基于21个细分行业面板数据分析

利用1998—2010年我国战略性新兴产业21个细分行业面板数据,通过建立一个可估计的理论模型对影响民营企业发展战略性新兴产业市场绩效的因素进行了实证研究。结果表明,行业从业人数、出口交货值和国企产值对民营企业发展战略性新兴产业的市场绩效有显著的负效应,而行业总产值规模、RD经费投入和研发新产品产值对民营企业发展战略性新兴产业的市场绩效有显著的正效应。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.