Trandermal Peptides for Large Molecule Delivery

A research team, led by Prof. WEN Longping from the University of Science and Technology of China under CAS,has successfully screened out a trandermal peptide, using biotechnology. The new peptide is able to deliver insulin into human body through skin, rendering an immediate therapeutic effect. The finding was published in the March 27 issue of the journal Natural Biotechnology.     

Trandermal Peptides for Large Molecule Delivery

A research team, led by Prof. WEN Longping from the University of Science and Technology of China under CAS, has successfully screened out a trandermal peptide, us ing biotechnology. The new peptide is able to deliver insulin into human body through skin,…     

信息伦理学研究中若干问题的思考

The further development of information ethics needs to solve some important ethic problems involved with disciplinary construction. These problems include the cause of the formation of information ethics; the research method,attribution and features of information ethics; the connotation and systematic structure of information ethics; the enlightenment we gain from the studies of the guiding principles of information ethics in foreign countries. The scientific analysis and exposition of these problems are helpful to the prosperity and perfection of information ethics and to the construction of social information ethics.     

鄂西神农架地区的植被和植物区系

 Shennungia is generally known as “The highest mountain in Central China”. It is situated at latitude 31°342'N., longitude 110°35'E. in western Hupeh.       The area explored is deeply cut in all sides by five V-shaped valleys, giving the landscape a steep topography.  Its summit is about 3105 meters above the sea level, and the relative altitude is from 1000-2000 meters.      The climate of the region is warm temperate.  The differences of humidity-warmth condition between the eastern and the western flanks are quite marked.      In western Hupeh and the adjacent area of Szechuan the rugged topography still preserves some tracts of natural forests at higher elevations.  Our vegetational survey is confined to localities above 1500 meters. The collection of plant samples of the flora is extended to the whole mountain from the foothill to the peak.  The present article deals with only a part of the results of our survey.      1.  The vertical vegetation belts of Mt. Shennungia and relationships with other regions:  The vegetation belts on the eastern and the western flanks of the mountain are shown in diagram 2 and 3.  The comparison of the vertical vegetation zones of the Mt. Shennungia with those of the Yülungshan in N. W. Yunnan and the eastern Himalaya to the west and with those of Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east is shown in table 4, It shows that the plant communities of the Mt. Shennungia are of temperate nature, and they are more closely related to those of Hwangshan in S. Anhwei and of Central Japan than to the eastern Himalaya.      2.  Floristic composition: The generic ranges of flowering plant are relatively distinct and stable. Various distributional patterns of genera are analysized.      1)  Statistics of the genera in various distributional patterns: The total number of genera of flowering plants in this region are 762, belonging to the following four categories. A) tropical genera 239 (31.3%), B)  temperate  genera  416 (54.7%),  C) endemic genera 47 (6%), and D) comsmopolitan genera 61 (8%).       2)  Endemic genera:  An examination of the composition of the flora in western Hupeh reveals that 47 endemic Chinese genera occur in this mountain of which 24 are monotypic genera, 20 oligotypic and 2 multitypic as shown in Table 4. The arborescent genera are nearly all deciduous. They are of temperate nature.       3)  Temperate genera:  There are 416  genera in  wastern Hupeh.  They  are subdivides into the following three groups according to their distributional patterns: A)  The north temperate genera: There are 159 genera belonging to 62 families in western Hupeh. B)  Eastern Asian genera:  There are 117 genera belonging to 69 families in western Hupeh.  Among them 22 are common to the western Szechuan, adjacent regions of Yunnan and the Eastern Himalaya.  The remaining 95 genera are commom to both eastern China and Japan. C) The Eastern Asian-eastern North- American genera:  Of the total 762 genera known in western Hupeh, 64 are disjunc- tively distributed in both eastern Asia and eastern North-America.       4)  The tropical genera: Of the 762 genera of the flowering plant of western Hupeh, 239 (31%) are of tropical nature.       Finally, our survey shows:  1. Many of the primitive temperate genera and ende- mic relicts concentrate in western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan indica- ting that it might be one of refuges of tertiary flora. Moreover, it might also be one of the most important regions of differentiation, development and distribution of tem- perature flora. 2.  The vegetation of this region is not only of temperate nature, but also of a transitional nature. 3.  According to an analysis of the flora and a compari- son of the vertical distribution of the vegetation of Yülungshan and Eastern Himalaya to the west with Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east, the floristic affinity of western Hupeh is more closely related to eastern China and Central Japan rather than to the Eastern Himalaya, and phytogeographically this region is intermediate between the Sino-Himalayan and the Sino-Japanese patterns.  However, the problem of phyto- geography of western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan is a complicated one requiring further study.       

Friendship Tied with the Milky Way

<正>"The MPG-CAS Partner Group led by Prof.HAN Jinlin from the Nationa Astronomical Observatories of China(CAS)has achieved great success in the determination of the magnetic fields o the Milky Way.The basis of this success was a cryogenic receiver with a polarim eter that was installed in China at the25m Nanshan Radio Telescope of the Urumqi Observatory.The receiver was a copy of a system installed in the 100m Effelsberg radio telescope of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn,Germany.A very lively exchange of researchers at all levels took place.On     

论胡桃科植物的地理分布

 The present paper aims to discuss the geog raphical distribution of the Juglandaceae on the basis of unity of the phylogeny and the process of dispersal in the plants.       The paper is divided into the following three parts:       1.  The systematic positions and the distribution patterns of nine living genera in the family Juglandaceae (namely, Engelhardia, Oreomunnea, Alfaroa, Pterocarya, Cyclo- carya, Juglans, Carya, Annamocarya and Platycarya) are briefly discussed.  The evolu- tional relationships between the different genera of the Juglandaceae are elucidated. The fossil distribution and the geological date of the plant groups are reviewed.  Through the analysis for the geographical distribution of the Juglandaceous genera, the distribu- tion patterns may be divided as follows:       A.  The tropical distribution pattern       a. The genera of tropical Asia distribution: Engelhardia, Annamocarya.       b. The genera of tropical Central America distribution: Oreomunnea, Alfaroa.       B.  The temperate distribution pattern       c. The genus of disjunct distribution between Western Asia and Eastern Asia: Pterocarya.       d. The genus of disjunct distribution between Eurasia and America: Juglans.      e. The genus of disjunct distribution between Eastern Asia and North America: Carya.      f. The genera whose distribution is confined to Eastern Asia: Cyclocarya, Platy- carya.      2.  The distribution of species      According to Takhtajan’s view point of phytochoria, the number of species in every region are counted.  It has shown clearily that the Eastern Asian Region and the Coti- nental South-east Asian Region are most abundant in number of genera and species. Of the 71 living species, 53 are regional endemic elements, namely 74.6% of the total species. The author is of the opinion that most endemic species in Eurasia are of old endemic nature and in America of new endimic nature.  There are now 7 genera and 28 species in China, whose south-western and central parts are most abundant in species, with Pro- vince Yunnan being richest in genera and species.      3.  Discussions of the distribution patterns of the Juglandaceae A.       The centre of floristic region B.         The centre of floristic regions is determined by the following two principles:  a. A large number of species concentrate in a district, namely the centre of the majority; b.  Species of a district can reflect the main stages of the systematic evolution of the Juglandaceae, namely the centre of diversity.  It has shown clearly that the southern part of Eastern Asian region and the northern part of Continental South-east Asian Region (i.c. Southern China and Northern Indo-China) are the main distribution centre of the Juglandaceae, while the southern part of Sonora Region and Caribbean Region  (i.c. South-western U.S.A., Mexico and Central America) are the secondary distribution centre.       As far as fossil records goes, it has shown that in Tertiary period the Juglanda- ceae were widely distributed in northern Eurasia and North America, growing not only in Europe and the Caucasus but also as far as in Greenland and Alaska.  It may be considered that the Juglandaceae might be originated from Laurasia.  According to the analysis of distribution pattern for living primitive genus, for example, Engelhar- dia, South-western China and Northern Indo-China may be the birthplace of the most primitive Juglandaceous plants.  It also can be seen that the primitive genera and the primitive sections of every genus in the Juglandaceae have mostly distributed in the tropics or subtropics. At the same time, according to the analysis of morphological cha- racters, such as naked buds in the primitive taxa of this family, it is considered that this character has relationship with the living conditions of their ancestors.  All the evidence seems to show that the Juglandaceae are of forest origin in the tropical moun- tains having seasonal drying period.       B.  The time of the origin       The geological times of fossil records are analyzed. It is concluded that the origin of the Juglandaceae dates back at least as early as the Cretaceous period.       C.  The routes of despersal       After the emergence of the Juglandaceous plant on earth, it had first developed and dispersed in Southern China and Indo-China.  Under conditions of the stable tempera- ture and humidity in North Hemisphere during the period of its origin and development, the Juglandaceous plants had rapidly developed and distributed in Eurasia and dis- persed to North America by two routes: Europe-Greenland-North  America  route  and Asia-Bering Land-bridge-North America route.  From Central America it later reached South America.      D.  The formaation of the modern distribution pattern and reasons for this forma- tion.      According to the fossil records, the formation of two disjunct areas was not due to the origin of synchronous development, nor to the parallel evolution in the two con- tinents of Eurasia and America, nor can it be interpreted as due to result of transmis- sive function.  The modern distribution pattern has developed as a result of the tectonic movement and of the climatic change after the Tertiary period.  Because of the con- tinental drift, the Eurasian Continent was separated from the North American Conti- nent, it had formed a disjunction between Eurasia and North America. Especially, under the glaciation during the Late Tertiary and Quaternary Periods, the continents in Eu- rasia and North America were covered by ice sheet with the exception of “plant refuges”, most plants in the area were destroyed, but the southern part of Eastern Asia remained practically intact and most of the plants including the Juglandaceae were preserved from destruction by ice and thence became a main centre of survival in the North Hemisphere, likewise, there is another centre of survival in the same latitude in North America and Central America.      E.  Finally, the probable evolutionary relationships of the genera of the Juglanda-ceae is presented by the dendrogram in the text.     

Academy of Opto-Electronics,CAS

The Academy of Opto-Electronics (AOE) is an institution under the direct jurisdiction of the CAS headquarters. Organizationally, it has six components: the head office, the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (SITP), the Xi’an Institute of Optics & Precision Mechanics (XIOM), the Shanghai Institute of Optics & Fine Me- chanics (SIOM) and the Institute of Optics & Electron- ics (IOE) in Chengdu. The p…     

诺·达格瑞(R．Dahlgyen)被子植物分类系统介绍和评注

The present paper aims at introducting Dahlgren’s system of classification of the angiosperms.  Phenetic and phylogenetic classifications are discussed.  The basic principles and methods used by Dahlgren are explained.  Dahlgren’s opinions on some important problems,  such as the origin of angiosperms,  the flowers of primitive angiosperms,  the relation between the dicotyledons and monocotyledons,  the origin of the monocotyledons,  the treatment of the “Amentiferae” and of the orders of the “Sympetalae”,  are all expressed.  A brief comparison between Dahlgren’s system and three other current systems,  viz. those of Takhtajan,  Cronquist and Thorne is also given.     

The Annual Report for World Sustainable Development 2015 Summary

<正>The Annual Report for World Sustainable Development2015 is the first academic report in the field of sustainabihty from a worldwide lens.The report has been compiled by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences named the"Sustainable Development Research Group"headed by Prof.NIU Wenyuan,a founder of sustainability science in China,who works as the Editor-in-Chief of the Report.     

我国最早的植物学辞典——《全芳备祖》简介

 The “Quan Fang Bei Zu”, a first dictionary for Chinese plants, which contains 27 volumes in its first collection and 31 volumes in its second collection, was completed by Chen Jing-yi in 1253, the First Year of Bao You of Li Zong in Song Dynasty.  The first part of this encyclopaedia of plants is devoted to flowers.  The second part is of more varied nature, dealing with fruit trees, plants in general, herbs, trees, agriculture and sericulture, vegetables, and medicinal herbs.  These two collections cover 267 kinds of plants, each of which is described under two categories separately: The first category, “Si Shi Zu” in Chinese, meaning “facts of the plants” concerned, which again divided into 3 entries, i.e. the history, miscellaneous information and sundry bits of the plants. The second category, “Fu Yong Zu” in Chinese, meaning poetry, which divided into 10 meters, wherein the plants are described and eulogized in poetrical expressions.      Later on, the “Quan Fang Bei Zu” was used as a blueprint for some famous books in China, for example, the “Qun Fang Pu” and the “Guang Qun Fang Pu” all written and compiled after its model.  It is known today that in China there are only two extant hand writting copies of it, one in Beijing Library, the other in the Library of Yunnan University.  Both of them are listed as the best national books. Outside China, it is known that a third copy of is in the Congress Library in U.S.A.  As for the ori- ginal wood-carving copy printed during the period of the Song Dynasty, it is known so far that one copy is kept in the Library of Culture Ministry of Japan.  The Beijing Agriculture Publishing House has made a decision to photograph this carved copy in the Culture Ministry of Japan as one of the “Precious Series of China Agriculture Science”.  The book plays a very important role in the study of chinese botany, agri-culture science, medicine, history and literature.     

Skin friction of various surfaces

Measurements were made of the skin friction of various fabrics and surfaces due to interest in the reduction of the skin friction of Zeppelin outer cover.A machine was designed and constructed using Couette type of flow for the purpose of making the measurements. Results obtained with the machine are in general agreement with wind tunnel results.It was found that a smooth surface free from nap, whatever the material, approaches a limiting value for skin friction, and that as a surface becomes smoother any improvement in skin friction becomes increasingly hard to obtain.The results are illustrated by curves.     

一种融合方法的皮肤检测技术

皮肤检测技术发展迅速,并且能够应用于检测和跟踪人体部位、计算机视觉和可视化等多个领域。然而,皮肤检测的主要困难仍然是不同程度的皮肤色调、光照条件和颜色接近肤色的背景等等。本文研究了一种新奇的基于融合策略下的动态皮肤检测,它是由一个平滑动态二维直方图、高斯混合模型和基于脸部皮肤色调颜色计算的实时动态阈值这三种检测方法融合在一起的。本研究通过人脸检测来强化肤色模型,这是因为人脸是不同色调的皮肤颜色的一个突出特征,尤其是在包含不同种族的多个人脸图像中。定性和定量实验结果表明,该方法由于其较低的计算成本和较高的精确度,比目前先进检测技术更稳定有效。     

Oxidative Stress and Skin Cancer: An Overview

Skin is the largest body organ that serves as an important environmental interface providing a protective envelope that is crucial for homeostasis. On the other hand, it is a major target for toxic insult by a broad spectrum of physical and chemical agents that are capable of altering its structure and function. There are a large number of dietary contaminants and drugs can manifest their toxicity in skin. These environmental toxicants or their metabolites are inherent oxidants and/or directly or indirectly drive the production of a variety of reactive oxidants also known as reactive oxygen species. These are short-lived entities that are continuously generated at low levels during the course of normal aerobic metabolism. These are believed to activate proliferative and cell survival signaling that can alter apoptotic pathways that may be involved in the pathogenesis of a number of skin disorders. The skin possesses an array of antioxidant defense mechanisms that interact with toxicants to obviate their deleterious effect. The “antioxidant power” of a food is an expression of its capability both to defend the human organism from the action of the free radicals and to prevent degenerative disorders. Plants like olive trees have their own built-in protection against the oxidative damage of the sun, and these built-in protectors function as cell protectors in our own body. Although many antioxidants have shown substantive efficacy in cell culture systems and in animal models of oxidant injury, unequivocal confirmation of their beneficial effects in human populations has proven elusive.     

由蛛丝蛋自制成的“防弹皮肤”问世有望使刀枪不入的超人走出科幻

据英国《每日邮报》报道,荷兰的科学家日前通过基因工程技术用蛛丝蛋自制成了一种高强度人造皮肤,这种“皮肤”甚至能够抵御子弹的射击而不被穿透。     

大蹼铃蟾皮肤白蛋白的胰蛋白酶抑制活性研究

通过离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析,在大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤中得到其白蛋白。该蛋白有强烈抑制胰蛋白酶水解小肽底物的活性,但对其它丝氨酸蛋白酶如凝血酶、糜蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶及枯草杆菌蛋白酶无抑制。它以1∶1摩尔比同胰蛋白酶形成稳定结合的复合物。经测定发现,该蛋白对温度、pH值及还原剂二硫苏糖醇的耐受性较强,三种因素对其胰蛋白酶抑制活性影响不大。说明大蹼铃蟾皮肤白蛋白具有稳定的胰蛋白酶抑制活性,可能在大蹼铃蟾防御天敌捕食的过程中发挥重要作用。     

常用皮肤消毒液的临床应用研究

目的:探讨使用常用皮肤消毒液(酒精、碘伏、安尔碘)时,蘸有消毒液的无菌棉签在皮肤上的涂擦力度、螺旋消毒方式,以及皮肤消毒面的干燥情况对皮肤消毒效果的影响,及使用常用皮肤消毒液2次涂擦消毒后,消毒处皮肤的干燥时间。方法:随机选取符合纳入标准的80名志愿者,随机分为A、B组各40名,A、B组均接受三种常用皮肤消毒液进行皮肤涂擦消毒,但涂擦力度、螺旋消毒方式、消毒面待干与否均有不同。结果:A、B组志愿者使用不同皮肤消毒液后,手背皮肤菌落数均减少,均可达到皮肤消毒效果标准要求。但只有使用碘伏和安尔碘消毒皮肤时涂擦力度不同,A、B组志愿者手背菌落数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:三种皮肤消毒液均可达到良好的消毒效果;涂擦力度的轻重对消毒效果有影响,建议在临床实际中消毒皮肤时使用力度重的消毒手法,而螺旋消毒方式和消毒面待干与否对消毒效果无影响。     

铆钉周围飞机蒙皮腐蚀特征提取算法

针对飞机蒙皮腐蚀检测的问题,研究了一种自动检测铆钉周围腐蚀的算法。首先,提取腐蚀铆钉的周长、面积、质心、圆分度和最小外接矩形等几何特征,对提取特征进行简单的粗分类。在铆钉区域圆形参数的检测过程中,提出了一种基于铆钉周围腐蚀的蒙皮损伤自动检测方法,该方法对内距均值法确定铆钉中心和半径进行了改进。实验结果表明,该算法对飞机蒙皮特征提取方法简单,铆钉中心计算准确,中心偏离度提高到15.68%。     

慢性皮肤溃疡中医特色护理研究概况

慢性皮肤溃疡是一种中医外科疑难病,病因复杂,现代医学尚缺乏疗效确切的治疗手段。中医药对该病有许多独特疗法,文章主要从中药膏外敷、中药熏洗与湿敷、按摩、针灸、情志饮食等各方面护理特色进行归纳、阐述,为本病的临床护理提供参考。     

基于RGB-H-CbCr新颜色空间的肤色检测算法研究

针对以往肤色检查算法很少考虑亮度,仅靠色度信息检测肤色,忽略了由于不同人种和亮度差异而导致的肤色像素在颜色空间上的分布不同,本文提出了一种基于RGB-H-CbCr新颜色空间的肤色检测算法。该算法综合了肤色像素在RGB、YCbCr和HSV三种颜色空间上的分布特征,构建出RGB-H-CbCr新颜色空间肤色模型,来辨别肤色和非肤色点。文中利用Matlab分别对不同人种的肤色图像进行实验仿真,实验结果表明该方法能有效检测人体肤色,能有效提高肤色检测的正检率。     

35GHz毫米波辐照皮肤组织加热的数值模拟

在皮肤组织物理模型的基础上,利用差分数值法计算了Pennes生物传热方程,分析了皮肤深度、血流灌注对毫米波辐照温度的影响。讨论了35GHz毫米波辐照的温度产生疼痛刺激的可能性。