我国排球后备梯队教练员现状调查分析

采用问卷调查等研究方法,对我国部分排球高水后备人才培训基地的教练员现状进行了调查分析。研究结果表明,我国排球后备梯队教练员女性偏少;年龄结构、执教年限分布、学历结构基本合理,但学历含金量较低;职称呈现＂两头少中间多＂的分布。教练员队伍存在的主要问题按重要程度依次是缺乏先进的培养理念、科学的训练方法、系统的基础理论知识、责任心和敬业精神,执教经验和指挥比赛能力。针对存在的问题,提出了具体建议。     

我国体校教练员队伍建设现状

通过文献资料、数理统计等方法,对新中国成立以来我国教练员队伍现状进行对比分析,结果表明：新时期我国体校教练员队伍存在教练员与运动员数量比不够合理、教练员年龄结构和职称结构不合理、教练员学历水平低下等问题,提出了增加教练员数量、改革教练员选拨方式、建立严格的教练员岗位培训制度等建议。     

我国摔跤教练员基本特征研究

通过数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,对我国摔跤教练员的数量、性别、职称和学历等特征进行了系统研究,得出如下主要结论:我国摔跤教练员整体比较年轻,各省市的教练员分布不均衡,职称和学历偏低.并据此提出建议.     

辽宁省田径传统项目学校田径教练员队伍现状调查

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访问法等对辽宁省田径传统项目学校田径教练员队伍现状进行调查研究。发现教练员学历、职称、教学经验等基本可以胜任教学和训练工作,但存在着学历含金量不足、高水平教练缺乏、教练员整体科研水平不够等现状。针对发现的问题提出一些建设性意见。     

上海市高校网球教练员现状和对策研究

采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、统计分析法等研究方法,对上海市高校网球队教练员的现状进行了分析研究,结果表明:上海市高校网球教练员队伍的年龄结构、职称结构、学历层次是合理的;没有指导高水平网球队训练的工作阅历以及训练比赛的实践经验不足是影响上海市高校网球队教练员业务能力提高的主要因素;缺乏有效的培训机制;缺乏对教练员合理的考核、评价体系.通过分析提出相应的对策.     

我国体育系统篮球后备人才队伍发展动态的研究

以2000年至2007年我国体育系统篮球一、二、三线运动员、教练员数量动态变化为研究对象,运用数理统计法,对各线运动员、教练员及二者数量关系的发展变化进行分析,旨在为我国篮球后备人才培养提供参考资料.主要结论:近年来1)我国体育系统篮球业余训练规模逐年萎缩.一、二、三线在训规模结构失衡,高水平人才跨区域、跨行业的流通性逐年提高,一线运动员学历结构不断改善;2)三线教练员严重流失,一、二、三线教练员数量结构失衡,教练员学历与职称结构逐渐得以改善;3)"教练员与运动员之比"逐年递减,二者数量关系严重失衡.     

世界啦啦队锦标赛中、外啦啦队教练员现状的比较研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计和对比分析法,从学历和年龄、培训情况、参加比赛情况、专项训练年限等方面对参加美国奥兰多世界啦啦队大赛中20名啦啦队教练员及国内选拔赛中的28名教练员进行对比分析。结论得出:中外啦啦队教练员年龄多集中在20~40岁之间,学历水平较高;国内教练员训练年限短、参加培训少;而国外啦啦队教练员多数训练年限集中在9年以上、参加培训的机会相对较多,但仍有半数教练员没有参加过培训,出现不均衡现象;国内啦啦队教练员每年参加比赛的机会与国外相比相对较少,缺乏带队比赛的经验。     

我国竞技自行车教练员队伍的现状分析

运用文献资料法、访谈法等,对我国竞技自行车教练员队伍的数量、年龄结构、职务结构、学历结构等进行了调查,分析当前竞技自行车教练员队伍中存在的突出问题及相关因素,提出完善自行车教练员队伍建设的建议。     

陕西省少儿体校教练员队伍现状调查分析

运用文献资料调研、问卷调查、专家访谈和逻辑分析等方法,对陕西省少儿体校教练员现状进行了研究。结果表明,陕西省少儿体校教练员队伍人员缺乏、学历层次低、职称与年龄梯队结构不合理;对科研认识不足,选材方法落后;对福利待遇满意程度低;对少儿体校运行机制存有不同看法。提出改善少儿体校教练员状况,提高其社会地位以稳固教练员队伍;加强对中青年教练员的培训以提高其训练质量和科研水平;改革少儿体校运行机制,改进教练员激励方法以调动其积极性等。     

我国蹦床教练员队伍现状调查与研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查等方法,对蹦床教练员进行调查,结果表明,目前我国蹦床教练员队伍年龄结构不甚合理;教练员学历有提升,但有与实际水平不符现象;初级职称教练学历较低;队伍构成复杂,但曾经的运动技术水平很高;教练员接受培训的欲望较强,目前的培训形式不能满足教练员的需求.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究

以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法.