传统武德文化中的伦理观念及其现代回响

为了进一步揭示传统武德的伦理价值和哲学意蕴,运用文献资料和逻辑分析等方法对传统武德思想的要义、伦理观念以及现代价值进行研究,认为:最初起源于军事伦理的"武德"概念随着军旅武术的民间化融合,指向开始出现分化并成为武者的道德和行为约束机制;传统武德的伦理观念和精神蕴含表现为"天人合一"是武德思想和理论认知的逻辑起点;传统武德追求"以德为先,以人为本"的崇高道德与精神境界;传统武德践行着"刚健有为,自强不息"的精神追求和"仗义任侠"的行为境界;传统武德追求"厚德载物","尚中贵和"思想情怀。传统武德伦理思想在现代社会中的作用在于强化"尚武精神",增强忧患意识,提升对事物的主体认识,为塑造理想人格提供基础,重构民族精神,进化社会风气。     

我国高校体育教育的伦理视角

中国体育伦理植根于博大精深的民族传统文化,生长在现代文化的浓郁氛围中,并且吸取了奥林匹克体育伦理的精髓。因此,体育伦理教育是高校体育教育的重要组成部分。文章从体育伦理学的角度对我国高校体育教育进行了分析。高校体育教育具有＂身心并育,道德先行＂、＂立足现实,讲求事功＂和＂注重和谐,协调发展＂的传统文化精髓,并且懂得尊重社会现实、理论现实和体育现实,同时还具备公平公正、和平共处、社会正义、人类理性等现代奥林匹克的伦理精神。     

民族传统文化对中国足球发展的影响

本文采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,得出:"重文轻武"、"重伦理、轻道德"、"中庸之道"思想与中国足球产生冲突;儒家、墨家、道家思想与中国足球的完美融合;从而为中国足球的发展提供参考价值。     

影响国际体育管理伦理因素的初步研究

分析影响国际体育管理活动的伦理因素的两方面，即外在道德规定和内在道德规定。外在道德规定对国际体育管理的影响表现为：兴奋剂的使用背离了公平竞争精神，性别歧视背离了体育运动的平等原则，种族歧视背离了奥运会的宗旨。阐述了国际体育管理过程中伦理因素的影响机制以及伦理因素对国际体育管理改革的促进作用。     

论现代奥林匹克运作模式三原则与现实的冲突和调适

论现代奥林匹克运作模式三原则与现实的冲突和调适长期以来，人们对奥林匹克的关注主要集中于其主义、精神、理想、原则、格言、信念等抽象范畴，关于奥林匹克的研究和争论也主要集中于此。虽然现代奥林匹克运动的兴起有广泛的社会背景，但其直接动因则是古希腊体育传统的...     

竞技体育之伦理精神——善的导出

采用伦理学价值分析法,对竞技体育伦理精神进行多视角探寻。竞技体育伦理精神———善,实质表征了竞技体育的道德性和价值性;主体和追求具有多个层次;内涵了理想、目的、规范、主体精神、品质和行为等方面;包含两个维度,即竞赛伦理和社会性伦理。发展竞技体育善应继续宏扬奥林匹克精神,并可引入中国伦理文化的合理成分;竞技体育历史和现阶段发展中,善与真还一定程度地处于分裂状态;发展竞技体育要防止真理与价值、科学与道德的分裂。     

我国朝鲜族体育发展研究

采用文献资料、调查法、个案研究法等,对中国朝鲜族民族传统体育的普及发展、现代发展中所面临的矛盾与冲突等方面进行分析,并提出朝鲜族民族传统体育文化的定位及可持续发展的应对策略:树立朝鲜族民族传统体育是朝鲜民族文化的重要组成部分的坚定信念;建立对中国朝鲜族传统体育文化"二重性"的正确认识;追求中国朝鲜族传统体育发展中的变与不变相统一的原则等等.     

论中国传统体育伦理思想特征及其对现代体育道德重建的价值

中国传统体育伦理思想建立在儒学伦理和体育实践基础之上,对于现代体育的道德评价失范、个人主义盛行和道德调控机制弱化等问题具有重要的价值,具体表现在通过传统体育伦理思想构建“和谐”的现代体育伦理原则,弘扬“礼让”的体育道德规范,倡导“轻利明德”的体育自律精神等。     

21世纪奥运会赛会模式的可能性变革分析

运用文献资料研究、调查访问等方法对现代奥运会赛会模式的发展、演变进行追忆分析,总结出现代奥运会赛会模式存在的与时代发展不相协调的几个弊端,提出奥运会赛会模式变革势在必然的观点;以"把奥林匹克精神放在首位,从逻辑合理性和现实可行性的角度出发"的思路,设想出"均衡冬、夏季奥运会项目举办奥运会;按水、陆、冰雪分类,在三城市同一时段内举办奥运会;根据地域特点均衡分配项目,由五大洲的五个城市共同举办奥运会"三种赛会模式,并对其可能性提出依据。     

学校体育教学本质新解：乌托邦视角

以布洛赫的乌托邦哲学为切入点,从体育教学的视野对乌托邦精神的实质以及体育教学与乌托邦之间的内在关系进行探讨和分析.研究认为:乌托邦不是"空想主义",乌托邦更为深刻、深层次的内涵与意义是对理想的追求,对现实的超越,对内在品质的向往的一种精神意境;体育教学由于时刻充盈着人们对当下"不在场"的未来价值与理想的超越性追求,因而具有深厚的乌托邦情结和鲜明的乌托邦精神;理想的体育教学与乌托邦精神的实质和特征高度契合,乌托邦的本质在一定意义上便是理想体育教学本质的一种解说;体育教学过程的本质其实就是一种超越性的构型过程.从而认为,体育教学是一种"必要的乌托邦"、"具体的乌托邦"和"超越性品质的乌托邦"应当是一种对其内在品质的恰当定位.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

全国城乡学生体质20年动态分析

基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。     

定向运动对大学生身心健康发展的实践研究

采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

摔跤常见技术动作开始的发力特征研究

采用专门研制的摔跤测力装置,对过胸摔、挟颈背、拉臂转移和滚桥技术动作开始发力的力学特征进行测试分析,结果表明,上述动作开始的发力具有力值大和力的梯度大的特点,均有爆发用力的特征。其中过胸摔和滚桥主要把位发力最大,其总合力和力的梯度也最大。     

按摩器刺激对提高普通高校健美操专选学生柔韧性训练效果的实验研究

柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。     

我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究

采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。