衰落噪声干扰下网络攻击数据散布特征挖掘算法

提出一种基于随机近场混叠谱分析的网络攻击数据散布特征挖掘算法,实现对衰落噪声干扰下的网络攻击信号的准确检测。采用自适应陷波器对衰落干扰噪声进行滤波降噪预处理,提高了待检测信号的纯度,进行随机近场混叠谱分析,采用时频分析方法进行攻击信号的时延估计,提取随机近场混叠谱特征,实现网络攻击数据散布特征挖掘优化。仿真实验表明,采用该算法能有效提取在强衰落噪声干扰下的网络攻击数据时频散布特征点,特征聚焦性能明显,提高了对网络攻击数据的检测性能。     

网络安全的多目标无限方差模拟仿真算法

多目标无限方差网络攻击作为一种新的病毒攻击方式,对网络安全造成严重威胁,通过对多目标攻击源的时频盲源分离,准确检测和发掘攻击信号源和特征,提高检测性能。传统方法中对攻击源的分离算法采用随机场谱峰搜索算法,存在计算量大的问题。提出一种基于近场源DOA估计的多目标无限方差网络攻击下时频盲源分离算法。为了提高多目标无限方差网络攻击近场源的识别概率,对提取得到的波束域约束指向性特征输出结果进行频分复用分解,通过时频特征提取,得到相关的攻击信号源参数,在多目标无限方差网络攻击近场源模型中,设计匹配滤波器,把近场源的参数估计问题变成了一个三维参数联合DOA估计问题,实现对网络攻击源时频盲源分离。仿真结果表明,具有较好的网络攻击时频盲分离性能,对攻击源估计的均方根误差较传统算法明显减小,实现了对攻击信源的准确识别和检测。     

网络密集信道中间歇性混叠频段功耗测试

在多媒体无线传感器网络中,网络信道密集,路由表转发和链路估计过程中会在网络密集信道中产生间歇性混叠谱。混叠谱频段消耗大量能量,需要对间歇性混叠谱频段的功耗进行负载均衡设计,提高网络的生存能力。提出一种基于路由引擎链路转发机制的网络密集信道间歇性混叠谱频段功耗测试方法,实现网络的负载与功耗的均衡。构建WMSN路由节点数据传输模型与网络模型,分析网络密集信道中的间歇性混叠谱的产生激励及能量消耗计算方法,得到无线传感器网络中各个节点发射信号能量脉冲偏移,计算路由引擎链路转发机制下的间歇性混叠频段联合特征均方误差,实现网络的负载与功耗的均衡,达到网络密集信道中间歇性混叠频段功耗测试的目的。仿真实验表明,该算法具有较好的功耗负载均衡性能,传输相同多媒体视频信息数据,功耗测试表明算法能节省能量开销45%,从而提高了网络的生存能力。     

网络波动攻击中的小扰动入侵源定位算法仿真

在网络持续波动攻击中出现一种小扰动信号,由于该类攻击信号的振幅不大,常规的检测算法难以有效定位检测,无法保证网络安全。提出一种基于小扰动多普勒扩散参量估计的网络波动入侵源定位检测算法。首先进行网络攻击模型构建,分析网络攻击信号的小扰动振幅特性,由于高阶累积量对噪声有盲分离作用,利用高阶累积量切片对小扰动入侵信号的能量聚集和噪声抑制特性,引入高阶累积量后置处理算子,进行小扰动入侵源定位聚焦,采用DOA参量估计算法进行网络攻击信号的多普勒扩散参量估计,实现对小扰动入侵源定位和检测。仿真结果表明,采用该算法能有效实现了对网络波动攻击的小扰动入侵信号的准确定位和检测,分离出振幅较小入侵信号,检测准确率较传统方法高。     

基于混叠谱估计的多源突发衰落信号镜像恢复

对突发衰落信号的镜像恢复是实现北斗卫星无线电远场伪码载波跟踪的关键。当前采用基于BMP的粒子群欠定盲分离方法实现对突发衰落信号的分离和恢复,当信号由多源信源产生时,无法知道源信号的数目,导致信号恢复效果不好。提出一种混叠矩阵谱估计的多源突发衰落信号镜像恢复算法,采用K-means聚类估计混叠矩阵,设计多源突发衰落信号在时间或频率轴上的紧凑模型,定义整段信号的宽带混叠模糊函数,求解混叠矩阵的特征向量得到信号的谱估计,以此为遍历参数得到扩频码跟踪的最佳聚类数,实现对源信号的准确镜像恢复。仿真实验表明,该算法在卫星无线电远场伪码多源突发衰落信号镜像恢复中精度较高,计算开销较少,稳定性好,在探测导航控制等邻域具有较好应用性。     

引入合同变换矩阵的网络攻击信号盲分离算法

对网络攻击信号进行盲分离,实现对攻击信号的准确有效检测。传统的网络攻击信号检测算法使用时频分析方法,提取非平稳群攻击信号的时频特征,实现信号检测,但算法把网络入侵检测正确率作为约束目标函数进行同步最优特征子集求解,复杂度较高,提出一种引入合同变换矩阵的网络攻击信号盲分离算法。采用时频分析Viterbi算法,得到信号谱的平均频率等于瞬时频率的时间平均,根据合同变换矩阵,对攻击信号进行离散数据解析化处理,构建网络攻击信号的解析模型,得到网络统计信号在多复变边界条件下的时频特征,实现盲分离算法改进。仿真实验表明,该算法能有效实现对网络攻击信号的盲分离,盲分离结果能准确反映网络攻击信号的内部特征,提高了对网络攻击信号的检测能力,对攻击信号的检测性能有所提高,保证了网络安全。     

多分簇网络攻击伪装数据时间延迟控制算法

对多分簇网络攻击伪装数据时间延迟控制,延迟攻击时间,为实现攻击伪装数据的准确检测提供时间差。传统方法采用均匀分布控制方法实现对攻击数据的时间延迟,当攻击数据具有非均匀和非线性特性时控制效果较差。提出一种基于独立自相成分分析的多分簇网络攻击伪装数据时间延迟控制算法。首先构建一个基于多分簇框架的网络攻击模型,在时间-尺度二维平面上,采用一个酉正性特征分解模型表示出待检测信号的时频向量,使用不同的尺度观察信号攻击过程中分布的位置和尺度参数,得到检测问题的最佳检测器为副本相关积分检测器,最大限度对各独立变量进行自相成分表征,得到伪装数据的时间延迟控制系统。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效实现网络攻击伪装数据的时间延迟,提高检测性能,保证网络安全。     

移动通信中多时段信道分配均衡模型

在移动通信系统中,不同时段的通信负载不均匀导致了信道分配不均衡,需要进行信道分配均衡模型设计,传统方法采用移相键控的信道分配均衡模型设计,产生强烈的信道畸变和零点附近的幅度衰落,均衡效果不好。提出一种基于多时段随机超预算期望用户估计的移动通信信道分配均衡模型。计算路径的通信时间预算和通信超额时间,对所有信道进行实时计算,将性能值大于增益谱的信道取出,定义底层物理链路的距离,根据Central Limit Theorem理论,得到移动通信的多时段信道均衡强度的分配概率密度函数,进行多时段信道分配优化设计,基于多时段随机超预算期望用户估计结果,提高信道分配均衡性能。仿真结果表明,该算法能提高信号传输增益和移动通信信道抗干扰性能。     

一种基于FastICA的盲源分离方法

在进行信号预处理时,经常需要将多个混叠的源信号分离。遇到原信号与传输信道都未知的情况时,经常需要根据观测信号的统计分布情况,去分离原始信号。本文介绍了一种基于FastICA迭代算法的盲源分离技术,用于将瞬时叠加的多个非高斯信号进行分离。文章分析了该算法的数学原理,设计了算法程序的实现流程,并在python开发环境下对算法进行了仿真,仿真程序很好的仅从接收信号中分离出了所需的源信号。可用于一些混叠信号的盲源分离。     

基于EMA和Lorenz系统同步的网络攻击检测

对新型网络攻击信号进行准确有效检测的问题已有许多研究。网络攻击信号更新变化迅速,严重影响了网络环境的安全稳定,传统的网络攻击信号检测算法如ARMA模型算法检测性能不够理想。采用非线性信号处理的方法,基于期望最大化算法的高斯混合模型,结合Lorenz混沌系统进行同步控制,提出了一种改进的网络攻击检测算法。对网络数据流进行建模并检测,将差值这个特征作为混沌同步控制量,进行检测和判决。仿真结果表明改进的检测算法能有效检测网络攻击信号数据库中最新的5类攻击信号,与ARMA算法进行检测性能比较,检测概率同等条件下提升幅度明显,最高为15%以上,在网络攻击安全防御中展现优越的应用性能和前景。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.