大豆黄酮对热应激状态下泌乳后期奶牛部分生化指标的影响

按胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则选取40头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为对照组、试验I、II、III组,每组10头。试验开始后对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验各组每头奶牛日粮中分别添加200mg/d、300mg/d、400mg/d的大豆黄酮(DA),试验持续60d。分别在试验开始前和试验第10、30、60d尾静脉采血10mL分离血清,测定其谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)活性及尿素(UREA)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CREA)含量。结果表明,日粮中添加DA能显著降低血清中ALT活性(P0.05);各组之间血清中ALP、AST、γ-GT活性,UREA、UA、CREA含量不存在显著差异(P0.05)。     

酒精阳性乳奶牛血清铜、锌水平分析

目的:通过检测不同浓度酒精阳性乳患牛血清中的铜、锌含量,探讨其与酒精阳性乳的关系。方法:首先剔除加州乳房炎检测阳性的奶牛,然后用68%的酒精检测酒精阳性乳,用72%的酒精测定68%的酒精阴性牛乳,再用75%的酒精测定72%的酒精阴性牛乳,每组选择产奶量、胎次、年龄、泌乳期相近的奶牛6头,组成75%酒精阴性对照组、75%酒精阳性组7,2%酒精阳性组和68%酒精阳性组。连续三周对各组奶牛进行颈静脉采血,测定血清中的铜和锌的含量。结果:各得血清铜含量差异均不显著;与75%酒精阴性对照组相比,75%酒精阳性组血清锌呈降低趋势,但各组差异不显著;72%酒精阳性组显著降低;68%酒精阳性组极显著降低。结论:酒精阳性乳的奶牛血清铜的含量与临床健康奶牛相比较无显著差异,但各组酒精阳性乳奶牛机体血锌含量降低,可能影响到机体与锌密切相关酶类的代谢。     

酒精阳性乳奶牛血清钙、磷与羟脯氨酸含量变化

为探讨不同酒精滴定浓度阳性乳患牛血清钙、磷和羟脯氨酸含量的变化.首先剔除加州乳房炎检测阳性的奶牛,用68％的酒精全群检测酒精阳性乳,再用72％的酒精测定68％的酒精阴性牛乳,最后用75％的酒精测定72％的酒精阴性牛乳,根据产奶量、胎次、年龄、泌乳期相近的原则,组成75％酒精阴性对照组、75％酒精阳性组,72％酒精阳性组和68％酒精阳性组,每组6头.连续三周对各组奶牛进行颈静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清中钙、磷和羟脯氨酸的含量.结果显示:与75％酒精阴性对照组相比,72％酒精阳性组和68％酒精阳性组血清钙含量显著升高;不同浓度酒精阳性组血清磷含量均显著降低;血清羟脯氨酸含量差异均不显著.酒精阳性乳患牛机体对钙、磷的吸收或代谢平衡失调,导致牛乳的稳定性降低;但不影响患牛体内的骨胶原代谢.     

中草药对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗效果观察

选择皖南地区某奶牛场106头奶牛进行乳房炎流行病学调查.应用SMT诊断液对奶牛奶样进行检测,发现59头奶牛具有隐性乳房炎,其发病率达55.66%.应用中草药组方研制的中药超细散剂"消炎增乳散"对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行治疗.消炎增乳散混入饲料中喂服,每天200g,3天为一个疗程.对照组不使用药物预防和治疗.结果表明中药制剂"消炎增乳散"对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗愈为72.2%.     

奶牛急性乳房炎病原的分离与鉴定

安徽某奶牛场奶牛发生了一起急性乳房炎,选择其中两头病牛乳汁样品,分别对其病原进行分离与鉴定.经细菌学检验表明,该场奶牛的急性乳房炎是由不溶血性金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性革兰氏阳性停乳链球菌和不溶和不溶血性革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌共同引起.     

甜菜碱对热应激肉鸡肝肾功能损伤的缓解作用

目的:研究热应激对肉鸡肝肾功能的影响及甜菜碱的缓解作用。方法:选择60只14 d的AA肉鸡,随机均分为对照组、热应激组和甜菜碱组,对照组按肉鸡标准饲养环境温度饲养;其余二组为热应激组,饲养温度设定为32±1℃。其中热应激组饮用自来水,甜菜碱组饮用0.2%的甜菜碱水溶液。分别饲喂至8、35 d,翅下静脉采血2 m L,分离血清,测定血清肝肾功能指标。结果:28 d时,热应激组与对照组相比,血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、单胺氧化酶活性和尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐含量显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);甜菜碱组与热应激组相比,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性、尿素氮、尿酸含量显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。35 d时,热应激组与对照组对比,血清单胺氧化酶活性和尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐含量显著升高(P0.01)。甜菜碱组与热应激组对比,单胺氧化酶活性和血清尿素氮、肌酐含量显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:热应激可明显导致肝肾功能损伤,甜菜碱可以有效地缓解热应激对肉鸡肝肾功能的损伤。     

加味归芪益母汤对围产期奶牛血常规的影 响简

目的：通过测定加味益母汤对围产期奶牛的血常规指标的影响．来判断加味益母汤对围产期奶牛的保健作用．方法：健康荷斯坦奶牛16头,随机分为对照组和实验组,预产期前14d开始每日在实验组的饲料中添加400mL加味益母汤产前配方,产后改喂加味益母汤产后配方至产后14d,对照组正常饲喂．于产前21d、14d、7d,产后0d、7d、14d、21d、28d分别采血进行血常规的测定．结果：与对照组相比,白细胞在产后0d、7d、14d均显著减少（P〈0．05）,其他试验时间无显著影响（P〉0．05）;红细胞产后0d时显著增加了10．61％。差异显著（P〈0．05）,其他试验时间无显著影响（P〉0．05）;整个试验期间,与对照组相比,血红蛋白和血小板含量均有所升高,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）．结论：添加加味益母汤能显著降低围产后期奶牛血液中的白细胞数．增加产后0d血液红细胞的数量,一定程度升高血红蛋白和血小板含量,对奶牛产后机体免疫力的提高和抵抗炎性反应具有积极作用．     

壳聚糖免疫与抗菌功能及其在防治奶牛乳房炎中的应用前景(综述)

本文描述了壳聚糖的基本特性与作用,综述了壳聚糖的免疫活性及其抗菌功能,探讨了壳聚糖在防治奶牛乳房炎中的应用前景,为提高奶牛健康水平和牛场的社会经济效益提供参考资料.     

胃切开术对中华田园犬肝肾功能的影响

目的:通过研究胃切开术时中华田园犬血清谷草转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性、尿素、肌酐、尿酸含量的变化,评价胃切开术对犬肝、肾功能的影响,为有效实施术后护理奠定基础。方法:选择体重、年龄相近的中华田园犬6只(♂3,♀3),从实施胃切开术开始计时,分别在0、0.5、1、2、4、12h颈静脉采非抗凝血2mL,4℃静置12h,3 000r/min离心10min,取上清液,测定血清中谷草转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活性,以及尿素、肌酐、尿酸的含量。结果:与0h相比,12h血清中的谷草转氨酶活性显著增加(P0.05),0.5、1、2、4h血清中谷草转氨酶的活性无显著变化(P0.05)。0.5、1、2、4、12h各时间点血清中谷草转氨酶的活性无显著变化(P0.05)。各时间点血清中γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性、尿素、肌酐、尿酸含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:胃切开术对中华田园犬血清中的谷草转氨酶的活性有一定影响,而对γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活性,以及尿素、肌酐、尿酸的含量无显著影响,手术过程中应当密切关注手术应激对肝功能的影响。     

中草药对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗效果观察

选择皖南地区某奶牛场106头奶牛进行乳房炎流行病学调查。应用SMT诊断液对奶牛奶样进行检测，发现59头奶牛具有隐性乳房炎，其发病率达55．66％。应用中草药组方研制的中药超细散剂“消炎增乳散”对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行治疗。消炎增乳散混入饲料中喂服，每天200g，3天为一个疗程。对照组不使用药物预防和治疗。结果表明中药制剂“消炎增乳散”对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗愈为72．2％。     

Clinicobiochemical investigations of gangrenous mastitis in does: immunological responses and oxidative stress biomarkers

A total of 50 does were used to determine selected hematological and biochemical parameters with special references to oxidative stress markers,acute phase protein profiles,and proinflammatory cytokines in healthy and gangrenous mastitis affected does.Animals were divided into two equal groups represented as clinically healthy(control) and diseased groups,respectively.The bacteriological examination of milk samples from diseased does revealed many types of bacterial infection.The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(N=23/25),Escherichia coli(N=11/25),and Clostridium perfringens(N=4/25).There was a significant increase in the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate,non-esterified free fatty acids,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase,and alanine aminotransferase and a significant reduction in the levels of glucose,cholesterol,and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) in does with gangrenous mastitis compared to healthy does.Moreover,there was a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and uric acid with a significant decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione,super oxide dismutase,and catalase in does with gangrenous mastitis compared to healthy does.In addition,there was a significant increase in the haptoglobin,serum amyloid A,fibrinogen,interleukin 6(IL-6),IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in does with gangrenous mastitis compared to healthy ones.Conclusively,oxidative stress biomarkers,acute phase proteins,and proinflammatory cytokines play an essential task as biomarkers for gangrenous mastitis in does.Mastitis may be considered as one of the ketotic stressors in does after parturition.     

金钱草不同部分对草酸钙结石小鼠肾脏骨桥蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究金钱草不同部分对草酸钙结石小鼠肾脏功能及其对肾脏组织中骨桥蛋白(OPN)免疫印迹表达的影响。方法:小鼠给予含1%乙二醇和1%氯化铵的饮水,造成小鼠草酸钙结石模型,同时分别给予金钱草石油醚部分、氯仿部分、乙酸乙酯部分、正丁醇部分、水相部分提取物,试验期42天,试验结束时,测定血清中尿酸、尿素氮和肌酐的含量,采用免疫印迹法(Western blotting)测定肾组织OPN蛋白表达水平。结果:各组小鼠血清中的尿酸含量差异均不显著;结石组尿素氮含量极显著高于对照组,金钱草氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇组尿素氮含量极显著低于结石组;结石组肌酐含量极显著高于金钱草石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水相组;结石组肾组织中的OPN的表达显著高于对照组,金钱草氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水相组的OPN的表达均显著低于结石组。结论:金钱草的氯仿、乙酸乙酯和水相组分可降低结石小鼠血清中尿素氮和肌酐的含量,增强肾脏的代谢能力,金钱草氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水相组均能降低肾组织中的OPN的表达,产生抑制草酸结石的效果。     

Science Letters：Evaluation of a kinetic uricase method for serum uric acid assay by predicting background absorbance of uricase reaction solution with an integrated method

A patented kinetic uricase method was evaluated for serum uric acid assay. Initial absorbance of the reaction mixture before uricase action （A0） was obtained by correcting the absorbance at 293 nm measured before the addition of uricase solution, and background absorbance （Ab） was predicted by an integrated method. Uric acid concentration in reaction solution was calculated from AA, the difference between A0 and Ab, using the absorptivity preset for uric acid. This kinetic uricase method exhibited CV〈4.3% and recovery of 100%. Lipids, bilirubin, hemoglobin, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and xanthine 〈0.32 mmol/L in serum had no significant effects. △A linearly responded to 1.2 to 37.5 μmol/L uric acid in reaction solution containing 15 μl serum. The slope of linear response was consistent with the absorptivity preset for uric acid while the intercept was consistent with that for serum alone. Uric acid concentrations in clinic sera by different uricase methods positively correlated to each other. By Bland-Altman analysis, this kinetic uricase method accorded with that by quantifying the total change of UV absorbance on the completion of uricase reaction. These results demonstrated that this kinetic uricase method is reliable for serum uric acid assay with enhanced resistance to both xanthine and other common errors, wider range of linear response and much lower cost.     

Intramammary expression and therapeutic effect of a human lysozyme-expressing vector for treating bovine mastitis

To develop a gene therapy strategy for treating bovine mastitis, a new mammary-specific vector containing human lysozyme （hLYZ） cDNA and kanamycin resistance gene was constructed for intramammary expression and clinical studies. After one time acupuncture or intracisternal infusion of healthy cows with 400μg of the p215C3LYZ vector, over 2.0 μg/ml ofrhLYZ could be detected by enzymatic assay for about 3 weeks in the milk samples. Western blotting showed that rhLYZ secreted into milk samples from the vector-injected cows had molecular weight similar to that of the natural hLYZ in human colostrums. Twenty days after the primary injection, the quarters were re-injected with the same vector by quarter acupuncture and even higher concentrations of rhL YZ could be detected. Indirect competitive ELISA of milk samples showed that the vector injection did not induce detectable humoral immune response against hL YZ. Clinical studies showed that twice acupuncture of quarters with the p215C3LYZ vector had overt therapeutic effect on clinical and subclinical mastitis previously treated with antibiotics, including disappearance of clinical symptoms and relatively high microbiological cure rates. These data provide a solid rationale for using the vector to develop gene therapy for treating bovine mastitis.     

Response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine supplementation: metabolomic analysis in piglets by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A novel metabolomic method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to determine the metabolites in the serum of piglets in response to weaning and dietary L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation. Thirty-six 21-d-old piglets were randomly assigned into three groups. One group continued to suckle from the sows (suckling group), whereas the other two groups were weaned and their diets were supplemented with 1% (w/w) Gln or isonitrogenous L-alanine, respectively, representing Gln group or control group. Serum samples were collected to characterize metabolites after a 7-d treatment. Results showed that twenty metabolites were down-regulated significantly (P<0.05) in control piglets compared with suckling ones. These data demonstrated that early weaning causes a wide range of metabolic changes across arginine and proline metabolism, aminosugar and nucleotide metabolism, galactose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism. Dietary Gln supplementation increased the levels of creatinine, D-xylose, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, palmitelaidic acid, and α-L-galactofuranose (P<0.05) in early weaned piglets, and were involved in the arginine and proline metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. A leave-one-out cross-validation of random forest analysis indicated that creatinine was the most important metabolite among the three groups. Notably, the concentration of creatinine in control piglets was decreased (P=0.00001) compared to the suckling piglets, and increased (P=0.0003) in Gln-supplemented piglets. A correlation network for weaned and suckling piglets revealed that early weaning changed the metabolic pathways, leading to the abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism, which could be partially improved by dietary Gln supplementation. These findings provide fresh insight into the complex metabolic changes in response to early weaning and dietary Gln supplementation in piglets.     

Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as ≥7 mg/dl (in men) or ≥6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria. Results: (1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome.     

肌肽对肉鸡血清部分生化指标的影响

1日龄AA肉鸡160只,随机分成4组。1~4组饮水中肌肽添加剂量分别为0(对照组)、20(低剂量组)、40(中剂量组)、60(高剂量组)mg/L,试验期6周。于2、4、6周末每组随机取6只肉鸡心脏采血,测定血清中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力和总胆固醇(TC)的含量。结果表明:肌肽各剂量组ALT活力在2、4、6周龄时均低于对照组,但组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。4周龄时各剂量组AST的活力均高于对照组,2、6周龄均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。生长中期肌肽组血清胆固醇含量有所上升,生长后期略微下降,肌肽对肝脏功能没有明显的影响。     

奶牛临床型乳房炎的治疗方法

奶牛临床型乳房炎是影响奶牛产奶量的主要疾病之一,采用乳房送药、静脉注射、中药灌服治疗,效果良好。本文主要介绍了奶牛临床型乳房炎的发病原因、治疗方法和预防措施。     

高血压合并高尿酸血症患者的治疗药物选择

目的比较氯沙坦与氨氯地平治疗老年高血压合并痛风患者的疗效。方法将2009年5月至2010年3月期间收治的高血压合并痛风患者64例,随机分为两组,一组口服氯沙坦50mg/d,另一组给予氨氯地平5mg/d,治疗6周。观察患者服药后舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、血清尿酸等指标的变化。结果治疗6周后,氯沙坦与氨氯地平都能有效降压和降低血尿酸水平(P相似文献